高級英語第五冊第10課 - 2

PAGE第頁章序名稱Book5Unit10周2次第5周授課時間2017年月日至年月日教學(xué)目的要求(1)Rhetoricalskill:compareandcontrast(2)Keylanguage&grammarpoints(3)Writingstrategies:argumentativewriting(4)Theme:thecrisisofmorality教學(xué)重點TipsforPublicSpeakerWritingstrategies:rhetoricaldevicesappliedinpersuasivespeech教學(xué)難點1.Speech:anartoflanguage2.Backgroundinformation教學(xué)場所環(huán)境Multi-mediaclassroom授課方式課堂講授（√）；實驗（）；實踐（）；雙語（√）課時分配2學(xué)時教學(xué)方法課堂講授、小組討論、問題法教學(xué)手段網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)（）；多媒體（√）教學(xué)用具PPT,blackboard,Teacher’sBook(5),English-EnglishDictionary教學(xué)內(nèi)容提要備注1.Review(5mins)Gooverparagraph1-4.andanswerthequestion.2.SectionOneDetailedReading(85mins)THENEWIMMORALITYJosephWoodKrutch1.Paragraphy4.Readtheparagraph4and5.(3mins) But,onemayobject,haven'tallthesethingsalwaysbeentrue?Istherereallyanyevidencethatpersonaldishonestyismoreprevalentthanitalwayswas?Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.Perhapsthesethingsarenotactuallymoreprevalent.WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.Thebureaucratanddiskjockeysay,"Well,yes,Itookpresents,butIassureyouthatImadejustdecisionsanyway."Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.Heshrugshisshouldersandcomments:"Everybodydoesit,andbesides,Ican'tseethatitreallyhurtsanybody."II.LanguageWorkofParagraphs(10mins)Paragraph4prevalentadj.existingorhappeninggenerallyoruniversally;beingwidespreade.g. Theprevalentopinionisinfavorofreform.Ismalariastillprevalentamongthepopulationhere?Anti-governmentsentimentsarestillprevalentinthatwar-ravagedcountry.Paragraph5“Ihavenowayofmakingahistoricalmeasurement.”Paraphrase:Iamnotableatalltojudgepersonaldishonestyfromtheangleofhistory.“WhatIdoknowisthatthereisaninterestingtendencytoacceptandtakeforgrantedsuchpersonaldishonesty.”Paraphrase:WhatIknowforcertainisthatinterestingly,manypeopletendtoacceptsuchpersonaldishonestyandregarditascommon,andthusremainindifferenttoit.“Thecollegestudentcaughtcheatingdoesnotevenblush.”Paraphrase:Thecollegestudentwhoiscaughtred-handed,cheatingonanexamination,doesnotfeelashamedintheleast.III.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs.(2mins)我無法做出歷史性的衡量。或許這些事情并不真的更加猖獗。我能指出的是，現(xiàn)在有一種饒有趣味的苗頭，就是有人接受這種個人的不誠實，而且還覺得理所當然。官僚和電臺節(jié)目主持人說：“嗯，是的，我接受過禮物，但是我保證反正自己做出的是公正的決定?！弊鞅妆滑F(xiàn)場捉住的大學(xué)生連臉都不紅。他聳聳肩膀，評論道：“大家都這么干，而且我看不出對誰有什么傷害?！比欢苍S有人會反駁，所有這些不是一直這樣嗎？真的有證據(jù)說明，現(xiàn)在個人的不誠實要比往昔更猖獗嗎？2.Paragraphy6-8.I.Readtheparagraph6and8.(5mins) JonathanSwiftoncesaid:"Ihaveneverbeensurprisedtofindmenwicked,butIhaveoftenbeensurprisedtofindthemnotashamed."Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.Ifeverybodydoesit,itmustberight.Honest,moral,decentmeanonlywhatisusual.Thisisnotreallyawickedworld,becausemoralitymeansmoresormannersandusualconductistheonlystandard.Thesecondpartofthedefense,"itreallydoesn'thurtanybody,"isequallyrevealing."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Theharmitdidtothebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.SometimesIaminclinedtoblamesociologyforpartofthisparadox.Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe"sociallyuseful"oritsreverse.Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely"sociallydesirableconduct".Themanofhonorisnotcontenttoaskmerelywhetherthisorthatwillhurtsociety,orwhetheritiswhatmostpeoplewouldpermitthemselvestodo.Heasks,andheasksfirstofall,wouldithurthimandhisself-respect?Woulditdishonorhimpersonally?LanguageWorkofParagraphs(13mins)Paragraph6“Itismyconvictionthatthoughmenmaybenomorewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,theyseemlesslikelytobeashamed.”Paraphrase:Ibelievethatthoughpeoplemaynotbebecomingmorewickedthantheyusedtobe,theyseemlesslikelytofeelashamedwhentheyarecaughtdoingsomethingwrong.“Ifanybodydoesit,itmustberight.”Paraphrase:Ifitisacommonpractice,itismostprobablycorrect.moresn.(fml)customsorconventionsconsideredtypicaloforessentialtoagroupe.g. Wemustobservesocialmores.Everysocietyhasitsownmores.Paragraph7revealingadj.makingfacts,etc.known;causingorallowingsth.tobevisiblee.g. Itwasarevealingslipofthetongue.TheX-raywasveryrevealing.Sheiswearingaratherrevealingdress."Itdoesn'thurtanybody"meansitdoesn'tdothatabstractioncalledsocietyanyharm.Paraphrase:Thestatement"Itdoesn'thurtanybody"impliesthatitdoesn'tdoanyharmtosocietyasawhole.abstractionn.ageneralideaortheorydevelopedfromspecificconcreteexamplesofeventse.g. Iexpectsomeexamplestoillustrateyourtalkthatis,byandlarge,anabstraction.“Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisn'timportant;itispurelypersonal.”Paraphrase:Theharmitdidthebribe-takerandthecheaterisinsignificant,becauseitismerelythepersonconcernedthatbearstheconsequence.“Andpersona,asopposedtosocialdecency,doesn'tcountformuch.”Paraphrase:What'smore,howapersonappearsoractuallyis,incontrasttopublicmorality,amountstoalmostnothing.personan.(psychology)theimageofcharacterandpersonalitythatonewishestoshowtheoutsideworlde.g. Shehasahottemper,whichisanundesirablepersonaofherpersonality.Thecomicpersonaeinherwritingsarejocundandhumorous.decencyn.qualityofbeingorappearingasrespectablepeoplewouldwish;(pl.)acceptedstandardsofbehaviororproprietyinsociety;avoidanceofobscenity;therequirementsofcorrectbehaviore.g. Appearingnakedinpublicisanoffenceagainstdecency.Youmustobservethedecencieswhenyouarepresentataceremony.“Sociologyhastendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,andtendedtoooftentodefinegoodandevilasmerelythe‘sociallyuseful’oritsreverse.”Paraphrase:Sociologyhasbeenapttoexclusivelyemphasizesocialmorality,andlikelyveryoftentointerpretgoodsimplyasthe"sociallyuseful"andtodefineevilonlyas"thesociallyuseless."sociologyn.thescientificstudyofthenature,development,structureandfunctioningofhumansociety;thestudyofsocialproblemse.g. ProfessorZhang,whospecializesinsociology,haspublishedmanyarticlesonitinacademicjournals.reversen.sth.thatisthecontraryoroppositetowhatisexpected;changefortheworsee.g. Children'sshoesarenotcheap,butquitethereverse.Youweretheveryreverseofpoliteness.Thepatientsufferedsomeseriousreverses.Paragraph8“Whatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonor--asopposedtowhatissometimescalledmerely‘sociallydesirableconduct’.”Paraphrase:Whatthedefinitionofsocialmoralityandsocialconsciencefailstoincludeinitsscopeisthenarrowerbutveryimportantnotionofhonor；rather,itlaysmuchmoreemphasisonwhatissometimesreferredtomerelyas"sociallydesirableconduct."dishonorvt.tobringdisgraceonsb.orsth.e.g. Whathediddishonoredhisfamily.Itwasacowardlyactthatdishonoredhismemory.IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins) 喬納森·斯威夫特曾經(jīng)說過：“發(fā)現(xiàn)有人為人邪惡，我不吃驚；但是我常常感到驚訝的是發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人厚顏無恥。”我堅信的是，雖然人們也許并不比以往那么邪惡，但是他們似乎更加不知廉恥了。如果人人如此，那就一定對了。誠實、品德和正直這些操守的執(zhí)行僅是因為人們循規(guī)蹈矩。這并不是一個邪惡的世界，因為道德規(guī)范意味著道德觀和行為舉止，而且一般的行為才是唯一的標準。 辯解的第二部分，“真的對誰也沒有什么傷害”同樣很說明問題。“對誰也沒有什么傷害”的意思是，對那個叫做社會的抽象概念毫發(fā)無損。接受賄賂的人和考試作弊的人受到的傷害并不重要；純粹是個人的事情。與社會的行為準則相比，個人的形象無足輕重。有時候，我會認為這種似是而非的情況要歸謬于社會學(xué)，它要承擔(dān)部分的責(zé)任。社會學(xué)往往只強調(diào)社會道德規(guī)范，過分傾向于將好與惡僅僅界定為“對社會有用的”或無用。社會道德規(guī)范和社會良知缺失的是較為狹隘，但非常重要的信譽觀——與之相對應(yīng)的是，有時僅以“社會適宜行為”冠名的觀念。有信譽的人并不滿足于單單詢問，這個或那個是否有損于社會，或者是不是大多數(shù)人允許自己這樣做。他要問，而且首先要問，那會傷害到他和他的自尊嗎？那會使他個人信譽掃地嗎？ Paragraph9and10Readtheparagraph9and10.(5mins) Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitwasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness".Itisimpossibleformetoimagineagoodsocietycomposedofmenwithouthonor.Wehearitsaidfrequentlythatwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireissecurity.Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.Toomuchisbeingsaidabouttheimportanceofadjustmentand"participationinthegroup".Evencooperation,togivethisthingitsmostfavorabledesignation,isnomoreimportantthantheabilitytostandalonewhenthechoicemustbemadebetweenthesacrificeofone'sownintegrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.II.Languageworkofparagraphs(15mins)Paragraph9“Itwasafavoriteandnodoubtsoundargumentamongearlytwentieth-centuryreformersthat"playingthegame",asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,wasnotenoughtomakeadecentsociety.”Paraphrase:Earlytwentieth-centuryreformersrightlyarguedthat"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayit,i.e.behavingasthemanofhonourwasexpectedto,wasnotenoughforthecreationofatrulymoralsociety.“Theywereright:itisnotenough.Butthetimehascometoaddthatitisindeedinevitablethattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonorwillcreateacorruptsociety.”Paraphrase:Theywerecorrect.Indeed,"playingthegame"asthegentlemanwassupposedtoplayitisnotenoughatalltomakeadecentsociety.Butitishightimethatweaddedthatitisunavoidablethattheso-calledsocialconscience,notbackedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,islikelytoleadtoanimmoralordishonestsociety.“Butsupposethatitdoesn't?Supposethatnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes?”Paraphrase:Butwhatattitudeshouldtheindividualadoptprovidedthattheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety?Whatshouldbethemostappropriatethingtodo,supposingthatonlythespecifiedpersonsuffersfromthefactthathedoesn'tseeanythingwrongindoingthesameasmanyothersdo?Evenso,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanthispersonal,…bywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paraphrase:Eveniftheso-calledsocialconscienceunsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonordoesn'tcreateacorruptsociety,andeventhoughnooneexcepttheindividualsuffersfromthefactthatheseesnothingwrongindoingwhateverybodyelsedoes,Istillinsistthatfortheindividualhimselfthemostimportantthingisthatheshoulddependonhisownawarenessofrightandwrong.Heshouldhavethedeterminationtoactaccordingtothatratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodydoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness."Paragraph10“Ifthatisso,thentheyhaveawrongnotionofwhatthereal,theultimate,securityis.”Paraphrase:Ifwhatpresent-daymenmostdesireisreallysecurity,thentheyhaveawrongideaofwhatthegenuine,theessential,securityis.ultimateadj.beyondwhichnootherexistsorispossible;fromwhicheverythingelseisderived,basicorfundamental;thatcannotbesurpassedorimprovedupone.g. Themanagementmusttakeultimateresponsibilityforthestrike.Nuclearweaponsaretheultimatedeterrent.Thesearetheultimateprinciplesofphilosophyandscience.“Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.”Paraphrase:Noonewhodoesnotrelyonhimselfbutjustonmoney,power,fame,etc.isorevercanbefreefromdanger.“Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.”Paraphrase:Whoeverishisownmasterandhappywithhisachievementsisindeedsecure.“Evencooperation,…integrityandadjustmenttoorparticipationingroupactivity.”Paraphrase:Evencooperation,themostfavourabletermwecanusetorefertoadjustmentandparticipationinthegroup,isbynomeansofmoreimportancethantheabilitytoworkindependentlywhenoneisconfrontedwiththedecisionbetweenthegivingupofone'sownhonestyandhisadaptationtoorjoiningingroupactivity.“Ifonepersonalonerefusestogoalongwithhim,…thenatleasthewillstillremainwhatisperhapsthemostimportantpartofhumanity.”Paraphrase:Ifonlyonepersondeclinestofollowthemassman,andinsteadadherestohisownbeliefsandremainsfaithfultowhathispeersseemtohavedeserted,thenatleasthewillstillcontinuetobeamostreal,uprightandusefulpersonwiththemostimportanthumanqualities.humanityn.humanbeingscollectively,thehumanracee.g. Theterroristswillinevitablybecondemnedforcrimesagainsthumanity.Failuretocurbthediseasewillmakeallhumanitysufferfromit.III.AnalysisParagraph4-10Analysis(5mins) Theseparagraphsconstitutethemajorpartofthisessay,inwhichthewriterfirstpresentshisillustrationofanoddphenomenonthatmanypeopletendtoacceptandtakeforgrantedpersonaldishonesty,andsecondlyexplainsthesocialandpsychologicalfactorsthatleadtothebehavior,attitude,andexcuseorfallacyofthedishonestpeople.Then,hepresentshisownopinionsabouttheimmensesignificanceofthepossessionofpersonalhonor,aswellashisinterpretationofwhatthereal,theultimatesecurityis.III.QuestionsforParagraphsParagraph8-9:Question(5mins)Howdoesthewritercriticizethenewimmoralityandrefutethedefenseofthedishonest?First,thewriterpointsoutthatwhatsocialmoralityandsocialconscienceleaveoutisthenarrowerbutverysignificantconceptofhonorandexplainswhatamanofhonorshoulddo,implyingthatthenewimmoralitydishonorsaman.Next,heconveyshisopinionthattheso-calledsocialconscience,unsupportedbytheconceptofpersonalhonor,willinevitablycreateacorruptsociety.Fortheindividualhimselfnothingismoreimportantthanhispersonal,interiorsenseofrightandwrongandhisdeterminationtofollowthat,ratherthantobeguidedbywhateverybodyelsedoesormerelythecriterionof"socialusefulness,"emphasizingthatagoodsocietyisnotcomposedofmenwithouthonor.Then,goingastepfurther,hepinpointsthewrongnotionofsecurityheldbypresent-daymenandexpoundshisownopinionaboutwhatthereal,theultimate.Paragraph10:Question(3mins)Whatisthewriter'sopinionoftherealandtheultimatesecurity?Thewriter'sopinionofthereal,theultimate,securityis:"Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fame,orwhatnot,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure."IV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs(2mins)20世紀早期革新者喜歡使用的，也無疑是個有力的論點是，以紳士應(yīng)該遵守的規(guī)范來“玩游戲”不足以形成一個正派的社會。他們說得對：是不夠。但是，是時候再加上一句，所謂的社會良知得不到個人信譽的支持將會產(chǎn)生一個腐敗的社會。不過，假如不呢？如果，隨大流做大家都在做的事情，除了個人，誰也不會蒙受損失呢？即便如此，我仍堅持認為，對個人自己而言，什么都沒有個人內(nèi)心里的是非觀重要，也沒有比下決心去遵循內(nèi)心的是非觀，而不去隨大流或僅憑“對社會有用”的標準去行事更重要。我無法想象一個良好的社會里全是些沒有信譽的人。10. 我們常聽人說，現(xiàn)在人們最需要的是安全感。如果真是如此，那么他們就誤解了什么是真正的、最終的安全感。依賴身外之物的人，無論錢財、權(quán)力、名譽或其他的東西，是不會、也不可能會安全的。只有那些把握住自己，對自己感到滿意的人才會安全。關(guān)于適應(yīng)能力和“參與集體”的重要性的話題大談特談，提倡得過多。縱然是合作能