2016考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題及答案詳細(xì)解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

InCambodia；thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.It

mayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,_l_thoseoftheyoungwoman,

butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan_2_alikelyspouseonhisownandthen

askhisparentsto_3_themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmay

takethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection._4_,agirl

mayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen._5_aspousehasbeenselected,

eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying_6_agood

family.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthree

days,_7_1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsoffera

shortsermonand_8_prayersofblessing.Par--tsoftheceremonyinvolveritual

haircutting；_9_cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sand

groom'swrists,and_10_acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespected

couplestoblessthe_11_.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife's

parentsandmay_12_withthemuptoayear;_13_theycanbuildanewhouse

nearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare

_15_withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains_16_propertyheorshe

_17_intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.Divorced

personsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice_19_up.Thedivorcedmaledoesn't

haveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry_20_thewomanmustwaitten

months.

1.A.bywayofB.withregardtoC.onbehalfofD.aswellas

2.A.decideonB.provideforC.competewithD.adaptto

3.A.closeB.arrangeC.renewD.postpone

4.A.IntheoryB.AboveallC.IntimeD.Forexample

5.A.UnlessB.LessC.AfterD.Although

6.A.intoB.withinC.fromD.through

7.A.orB.sinceC.butD.so

8.A.testB.copyC.reciteD.create

9.A.foldingB.pilingC.wrappingD.tying

10.A.passingB.lightingC.hidingD.serving

11.A.associationB.meetingC.collectionD.union

12.A.dealB.partC.growD.live

13.A.whereasB.untilC.forD.if

14.A.avoidB.followC.challengeD.obtain

15.A.isolatedB.persuadedC.viewedD.exposed

16.A.whereverB.whateverC.wheneverD.however

17.A.changedB.broughtC.shapedD.pushed

18.A.investedB.dividedC.donatedD.withdrawn

19.A.warmsB.clearsC.showsD.breaks

20.A.whileB.sothatC.onceD.inthat

L［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］aswellas

［考點(diǎn)分析］本題考察邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］因?yàn)榭疾爝壿嬯P(guān)系，所以需要我們先對(duì)填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：

文章身處大環(huán)境notonly..…butalso之中，這是一個(gè)明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示"不僅……而

且……”該空與前一句"hisparentsandhisfriends"也是并列關(guān)系,表示“與他本人以

及伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)"所以答案只能是D.aswellas.

A.bywayof通過(guò)B.withregardto關(guān)于C.onbehalfof代表

2.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］decideon

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)該句的主語(yǔ)ayoungman與賓語(yǔ)aHkelyspouse的關(guān)系，答案只能

是A.decideon決定。表示自己決定自己的對(duì)象。B.providefor為……提供準(zhǔn)備C.

competewith與...競(jìng)爭(zhēng)D.adaptto適用

3」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［BJarrange

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］該句意思為，他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母—相關(guān)事務(wù)。四

個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A.close關(guān)閉Crenew更新；恢復(fù)Dpostpone"推遲”,語(yǔ)義不正確，只有

Barrange安排是符合語(yǔ)境。

4」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］Intheory

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］邏輯判斷題。主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面是說(shuō)"他可以自己選擇自己中

意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關(guān)事務(wù)，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對(duì)象。"空格后

面說(shuō)"女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對(duì)象。"這兩句之間沒有舉例說(shuō)明的關(guān)系，且有一個(gè)

may，更證明A.Intheory的正確性。而其他選項(xiàng)B.Aboveall最重要的是，C.Intime準(zhǔn)

時(shí)D.Forexample舉例，均不符合題意。

5.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］?After

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)下文"aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigates

theother……"知道，只有對(duì)象選擇好后，父母才會(huì)去調(diào)查研究對(duì)方的背景。所以只有after

才對(duì)。其他選項(xiàng)A.Unless除非，否則B.Lest以免，唯恐D.Although盡管都不符合

題意。

6」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］into

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］這里主要是看marry與相關(guān)介詞的固定搭配。這里marryinto就是指嫁到，

而其他選項(xiàng)均沒有這層含義。

7」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［C］but

［考點(diǎn)分析］邏輯關(guān)系題

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)上文,說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)的婚禮時(shí)間跨度很長(zhǎng),但是到了1980s,婚禮只持續(xù)一天

半。所以與前文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。因此要選擇but轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

8.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］?recite

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］空格處需要填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的prayersofblessing所搭配,C選項(xiàng)recite

為背誦的意思，與所給短語(yǔ)搭配最為合理，譯為"為祈禱者做祈福"。

9.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］tying

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題需要根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉花線頭"，縱觀四

個(gè)選項(xiàng)［A］折疊

［B］堆積［C］包裹［D］系上，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)含義,只有D和后文的“棉花線頭”搭配最為合

理。

10」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］passing

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題根據(jù)選項(xiàng)［A］傳遞［B］點(diǎn)亮［C］隱藏［D］服務(wù)，原文空格需要填寫一個(gè)動(dòng)

詞與后文"aroundacircle"來(lái)搭配，譯為"將蠟燭傳一圈"，故［A］傳遞為正確選項(xiàng)。

11」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］union

［考點(diǎn)分析］名詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題根據(jù)選項(xiàng)［A］協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)［B］會(huì)議，會(huì)面［C］集合［D］結(jié)合。本句語(yǔ)義為

"這些受尊敬的夫妻祈禱…"根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，結(jié)婚是一種夫妻二人的結(jié)合，因此，選項(xiàng)［D］結(jié)合

更符合語(yǔ)境。

12.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］live

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］本題比較簡(jiǎn)單。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義"根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父

母——年"根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)為［D］居住為最佳答案。

13.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］until

［考點(diǎn)分析］時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系

［選項(xiàng)分析］根據(jù)原文，"―他們?cè)诟浇ㄔ煲粭澬路孔?［A］然而［B］直到［C］為［D］

如果結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，［B］直到最符合原文語(yǔ)境，搭配最為合理。

14.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［Dgbtain

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorceislegalandrelativelyeasyto_14_,butnotcommon.該句句

意為離婚是合法的，且相對(duì)容易—.A.avoid避免B.follow跟隨C.chanllenge挑戰(zhàn),質(zhì)

疑D.obtain獲得。這里出現(xiàn)and,所以對(duì)于離婚這件事不可能是避免或是挑戰(zhàn)，但是跟隨和

離婚之間語(yǔ)義不符，但是獲得離婚（的批準(zhǔn)）是可以的。選D.

15.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［D］viewed

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorcedpersonsare_15_withsomedisapproval.離婚的人…一些不

贊同。在段首，已經(jīng)注明離婚是合法的且相對(duì)容易得到批準(zhǔn)，但是不常見。這說(shuō)明離婚在現(xiàn)

實(shí)中肯定是不太受到人們的歡迎的。而接下來(lái)這句就說(shuō)離婚的人…一些不贊同。再看選項(xiàng)：

A.isolated孤立B.persuaded勸說(shuō)C.viewed看做D.exposed接觸，受到…的影響C選

項(xiàng)固定搭配被認(rèn)為，放進(jìn)。

16」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］whatever

［考點(diǎn)分析］語(yǔ)法

［選項(xiàng)分析Eachspouseretains_16—propertyheorshe_17_intothe

marriage,17個(gè)空對(duì)應(yīng)的都是動(dòng)詞，所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有…財(cái)產(chǎn)，這個(gè)財(cái)產(chǎn)是他

或她…（動(dòng)詞）進(jìn)婚姻的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Awhenever"無(wú)論何地；任何（地方）=anyplace

where（定從）Bwhatever"無(wú)論什么；任何（東西）=anythingthat/any+Nthat"。C

whenever無(wú)論何時(shí)；任何（時(shí)間=anytimewhen）Dhowever無(wú)論如何；無(wú)論多么。

根據(jù)語(yǔ)義，這里應(yīng)該不是讓步的關(guān)系,而且填的這個(gè)詞還要能修飾property.因此，選擇B

=retainsanypropertythatheorshe

17」標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］brought

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］Eachspouseretains_16_propertyheorshe_17_intothe

marriage,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Achanged"改變Bbrought"帶來(lái)”。Csh叩ed"形成"Dpushed

“推，逼迫"。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境只有B符合，把財(cái)產(chǎn)帶入婚姻。

18.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［B］divided

［考點(diǎn)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析

［選項(xiàng)分析］…andjointly-acquiredpropertyis_18_equally.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)Ainvested

投資」B］divided平分［C］donated捐贈(zèng)［D］withdrawn撤出，提取。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義應(yīng)該是共同

財(cái)產(chǎn)被(夫妻雙方)平分。

19.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］?shows

［考點(diǎn)分析］動(dòng)詞固定搭配

［選項(xiàng)分析］Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice_19_up.該

句語(yǔ)義為離過(guò)婚的人或許會(huì)再婚,但是性別偏見.…結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A.warm(up加熱B.clear(up)

變晴C.show(up)顯現(xiàn)D.break(up)分裂，分開；，顯然C是正確選項(xiàng)。

20.［標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案］［A］whHe

［選項(xiàng)分析］上下文語(yǔ)義

［考點(diǎn)分析］很明顯的兩類人的對(duì)比比較關(guān)系。只能選擇while.

【真題翻譯】在柬埔寨，伴侶的選擇對(duì)于年輕男性來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。這不僅與他

本人以及未來(lái)伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)，而且與媒婆也有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的關(guān)系。他可以自己選擇自

己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關(guān)事務(wù)，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對(duì)象。理論

上來(lái)說(shuō)，女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對(duì)象。在選好自己的對(duì)象后，每個(gè)家庭都能會(huì)去調(diào)查

對(duì)方家庭來(lái)確保他們的孩子嫁到好人家。

傳統(tǒng)的婚禮是一段漫長(zhǎng)，多姿多彩的過(guò)程。從前會(huì)持續(xù)三天,但是到了20世紀(jì)80年

代，一般會(huì)持續(xù)一天半。佛教徒通常會(huì)做簡(jiǎn)短誦經(jīng)，并為新人祈福。儀式通常包括剪發(fā)，在

新郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸滿圣水的棉繩，在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫婦中傳遞蠟燭來(lái)祈禱新人

的結(jié)合。通常情況下，新婚夫婦會(huì)到妻子父母家里住一年，直到他們?cè)诟浇ㄒ粭澬路孔訛?/p>

止。

離婚是合法的，而且很容易獲得批準(zhǔn)，但是在實(shí)際中這種情況并不常見。離過(guò)婚的男女

會(huì)受到一些人的詬病。夫婦雙方在離婚后可保有他或她婚前帶來(lái)的財(cái)產(chǎn)，而且可平分婚后共

同取得的財(cái)產(chǎn)。離過(guò)婚的人或許會(huì)再婚，但是性S1I偏見還是很明顯。比如，離過(guò)婚的男性再

婚前不需要一段等待期而女性則需要等待十個(gè)月。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Textl

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecidedits

fashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Its

lawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrime

toemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtoban

websitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness“bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshould

notbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That*sastart.Andthe

banonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarving

themselvestodeath-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmust

takeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthe

socialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thatthey

shouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthat

peopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthan

dietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochange

aculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,

usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbody

masscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterial

adornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafew

othercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashion

imagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark,sfashionindustryagreedlastmonth

onrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health；andothercharacteristicsof

models.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weare

awareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbody

ideals,especiallyonyoungpeople”.Thecharter*smaintoolofenforcementisto

denyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek

(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesona

name-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbody

idealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeauty

beyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase“impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof

[B]indicatingthestateof

[C]losingfaithin

[D]doingharmto

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodel'scharacter.

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels.

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingmodelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

21.答案APhysicalbeautywouldberedefined

解析這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分為Francehaslost

此外第二段第二句

anabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyoTheysuggestbeauty

shouldnotbedefinebylooks…故而Aphysicalbeautywouldberedefined為同義替

換，即為正確答案。

22.答案Ddoingharmto

解析：此題為詞義題。定位到第二段第二句Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.根據(jù)endup可以看出beauty

shouldnotbedefinedbylooks和thatendupimpingingonhealth為Jll頁(yè)承關(guān)系，所

以〃改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)美不僅僅是外表的定義〃可以結(jié)束對(duì)健康的危害。故而可以推知doingharm

to是正確答案。

23.答案BNewStandardsarebeingsetinDenmark

解析：此題是正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話InDenmark,...itistryingtoset

voluntarystandardsformodelsandfashion…可知B選項(xiàng)Newstandardsarebeing

setinDenmark是其同義替換。

24.答案Cshowinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師很可能因?yàn)槭裁丛虮籆FW拒絕，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞可回到文中

定位至倒數(shù)第二段，首句說(shuō)丹麥的時(shí)尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡，健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一

致意見，切一項(xiàng)新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到時(shí)尚界對(duì)于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健

康所帶來(lái)的影響，并且該對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)，接著下一句就說(shuō)，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)

計(jì)師，因?yàn)榭梢酝茢嘣O(shè)計(jì)師很可能因?yàn)椴豢紤]身體健康因素而被CFW拒絕。

25.答案DAchallengetotheFashionIndustry1sBodyIdeals

解析：主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國(guó)的觀點(diǎn)，即時(shí)尚界已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體

之美的權(quán)利，且議會(huì)也禁止網(wǎng)站通過(guò)宣傳過(guò)度節(jié)食來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)度消瘦。二段繼續(xù)說(shuō)明美麗不能

只看外表更不能以犧牲健康為代價(jià)。三E殳說(shuō)女性不該讓他人來(lái)評(píng)判自己的美麗。以及后面的

段落中也一直在不斷說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是D,

對(duì)時(shí)尚界完美身材的質(zhì)疑。

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.In

Britainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”

alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthSerivce(NHS)as

whatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHillLaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylish

housesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever”.Itwas

specificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycould

experience/zarefreshingairHilTspressurelaterledtocreationofnationalparks

andgreenbelts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcrete

consumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethis

sentiment.Theconservatives1planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopment

priorityoverconservation,evenauthorising“off-plan“buildingwherelocalpeople

mightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedas

profitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncils

opposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingits

chance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousing

greenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocal

conservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeople

are,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirling

AckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondon

areaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventruerof

theprovinces.

Theideathat“housingcrisis“equals“concretedmeadows“ispurelobbytalk.

Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbutzasalways,wheretoputthem.Under

lobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovation

andrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisis

notafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwill

alwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheir

character.WedonotruinurbanDevelopmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.After

theNetherlands,BritainisEurope'smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftown

andcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestill

permittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-the

corruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisrather

thanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

26.Britainrspublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

[A]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

[B]didnJtstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenow

being

[A]graduallydestroyed.

[B]effectivelyreinforced.

[C]properlyprotected.

[D]largelyovershadowed.

28.whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

[A]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

[B]theConservativesmayabandon“off-plan〃building.

[C]theLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

[D]labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

29.theauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference

[A]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

[C]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

[D]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

3O.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof

[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

[BtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

[D]thepoliticallifeintodayisBritain.

26.答案Disnotwellreflectedinpolitics

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。精讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干回到原文精確定位到首段最后一句，

該句中的polls民意調(diào)查對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的publicsentiment，定位答案處為“thishaslimited

politicalsupport-,意思為這在政治支持方面是有限的。與D選項(xiàng)"在政治上沒有得到很

好的反響"為同義替換。

27.答案Dlargelyovershadowed

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干，題干中出現(xiàn)大寫theNationalTrust，定位到第二段首句the

NationalTrust該句。二段首句只是對(duì)Hill的該項(xiàng)目做介紹，需向后看影響。往下可以讀到

Hili,spressure這句,寫到"Hill的項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)造出國(guó)家公園和綠地。他們不再制造鄉(xiāng)村了,

而且每年鋼筋混凝土消耗的鄉(xiāng)村越來(lái)越多。鄉(xiāng)村需要持久的保護(hù)"。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，該項(xiàng)目的成

就很大程度上被奪取了光輝。

28.答案AUkipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation

解析：推斷題。題干問(wèn)的是從第三段能推出什么，考察的是相應(yīng)段落的段落中心。觀察

選項(xiàng)不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)中都是大寫的Ukip,TheConservatives,TheLiberalDemocrats,

Labour,可根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的大寫回段落中尋找,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ukip所在的定位句為Only的倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)

句（倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)句往往為答案所在處X該句子意思是：只有Ukip意識(shí)到其機(jī)會(huì)，并支持這

些人。和選項(xiàng)A對(duì)應(yīng)一下，Ukip可能能從其對(duì)農(nóng)村保護(hù)的支持中獲得好處，是同義替換。

29.答案BShowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)于奧斯本的偏好（觀點(diǎn)）的具體看法。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞奧斯本

定位至第五段，因?yàn)閱?wèn)的是作者對(duì)于奧斯本觀點(diǎn)的看法，所以只需要看在奧斯本的觀點(diǎn)之后

作者的表達(dá)內(nèi)容，第五段倒數(shù)兩句話就是作者表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的地方，即"我們沒有破壞城市

中受到保護(hù)的地方"，"你們?yōu)槭裁匆茐泥l(xiāng)村的呢？"這就說(shuō)明奧斯本一方的觀點(diǎn)是要破壞

鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境。所以可得出答案是奧斯本想法表明了他對(duì)于鄉(xiāng)村人們的忽視。

30.答案Cthe-town-and-countryplanninginBritain

解析：根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段，問(wèn)的是作者欣賞贊同什么，作者的觀點(diǎn)即是文章末段

的段落中心，可定位到末段末句。末句指出，避免this會(huì)將左右黨派聯(lián)系起來(lái)，this代詞

指代指代上句中所提到的內(nèi)容。Should即作者贊同的地方，也就是作者贊同的是城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合。

TEXT3

“Thereisonandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness/'wroteMilton

Friedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesand

engageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits/'Butevenifyouaccept

Friedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasa

wasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.New

researchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleast

whentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billiona

yearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldadd

valuetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingas

a“signal“thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmay

bewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegood

causesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect/*wherebyitsgood

deedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecause

consumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Alrecentstudyattemptstoseparatethem

bylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica/sForeignCorruptPracticesAct

(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany1sproductsas

partoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat；amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemost

comprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties,.Their

analysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm'spoliticalinfluence,ratherthan

theirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmore

topoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluatea

casebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany*srecordin

CSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,such

aschildlabour;orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthat

generallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials”z

saysoneresearcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuch

businessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesare

bankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whenthey

decidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhen

companiesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthem

lesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman1sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]tolerance.

[B]skepticism.

[C]uncertainty.

[D]approvaL

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.

[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.

[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

33.Theexpression“morelenient”(line2zpara.4)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]moreeffective

[B]lesscontroversial

[C]lesssevere

[D]morelasting

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRregard

[A]hasanimpactontheirdecision

[B]comesacrossasreliableevidence

[C]increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

[A]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

[C]Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

31.答案BSkepticism

解析：作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)有關(guān)CSR方面MiltonFriedman的說(shuō)法是

什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)大寫MiltonFriedman這個(gè)人定位到定位到首段首句。注意題干問(wèn)的是作

者的看法，因此定位到后一句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。轉(zhuǎn)折處的主題句式"thingsmaynotabsolutely

作者持的是否定態(tài)度，選擇答案選項(xiàng)是作者態(tài)度不明確，不能選擇。

clear-cut",BoC

32.答案Awinningtrustfromconsumers

解析：根據(jù)題干找到第二段.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容,CSRcouldaddvaluetotheirbusiness

inthreeways.從而定位下面三點(diǎn)。First后面出現(xiàn)了highquality，但是它是在從句中，

從句修飾"signal”,而本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是take與D中raising并不是同義詞故排除。Second,

和third都與消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買心態(tài)有關(guān)，和A選項(xiàng)winningtrustfromconsumers相對(duì)應(yīng)。

而B,C選項(xiàng)的malpractices和defamed在原文中并未出現(xiàn)，且沒有同義詞，故排除。

33.答案Clesssevere

解析：根據(jù)題干找到第四段對(duì)應(yīng)處。可見題干的morelenient是作為修飾

penalties（懲罰）的，故推測(cè)本句在討論CSR和penalties有什么聯(lián)系。而本段與懲罰相

關(guān)的詞只有最后一個(gè)詞fines（罰金），修飾它的形容詞是lower,故可推測(cè)morelenient

與降低懲罰有關(guān)，只有C選項(xiàng)滿足。

34.答案Ahasanimpactontheirdecision

解析：題干中問(wèn)的是CSRrecord與prosecutorsevaluateacase的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題

干內(nèi)容到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：第五段第一句。本句說(shuō)，…theydoseemtobeinfluencedbya

company'srecoreinCSR這里的beinfluenced與A選項(xiàng)hasanimpact對(duì)應(yīng)，故選

A.而B選項(xiàng)中的reliableevidence,C選項(xiàng)中的thechanceofbeingpenalized在原

文中沒有體現(xiàn)。D選項(xiàng)中的investigation與題干中的Whenprosecutorsevaluatea

case明顯對(duì)應(yīng)不上，故不予考慮。

35.答案BThenecessaryamountofcompanies/spendingonitisunknown

解析：該題是一道判斷題，題干問(wèn)的是有關(guān)CSR哪個(gè)是對(duì)的。先根據(jù)CSR回到最后一

段，定位到末段首句。首句提到“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒有回答如下問(wèn)題：公司應(yīng)該在

CSR方面花費(fèi)多少錢〃。選項(xiàng)B的意思是公司在其方面的花費(fèi)是未知的，屬于原文的同義替

換。

Text4

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublish

storiesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.

“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyof

incentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper

—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn'tjustexpensive;it*sexcessiveatatime

whenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.

Readersaremigratingawayfromprintaway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarf

theironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprint

editionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJoahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,

butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway."Fightingoutawaytoaccelerate

thattransitionwouldmakesenseofthem,“hesaid；”butifyoudiscontinueit,you'

regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou."

Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.Perettigivestheexample

seenasablunder;"hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPeretti

wouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct//

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor;theideagoes,

andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelieve

in."Soifyou*reoverpayingforprint