人教版初三(上)英語(yǔ)第4講：UNIT-2-語(yǔ)法篇(學(xué)生版)

Unit2語(yǔ)法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟練掌握本章重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。一、由that,if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

1.由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)，在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略。

I

hear(that)

she’s

going

to

give

you

a

call.

注意：（1）賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

I

believe

that

she

has

left

the

city.

(2)如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句則只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。

I

said

that

it

was

time

we

were

setting

out.

(3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或公式、定理、諺語(yǔ)、名人名言等，則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

He

said

that

light

travels

faster

than

sound.2.由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，該從句由if/whether引導(dǎo)，且從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

He

asked

if/whether

they

needed

any

help.

溫馨提示：

if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般情況下可以互換，但要注意下列情況：

(1)賓語(yǔ)從句至句首時(shí)用whether。Whether

it

is

true

or

not,I

can’t

say.

(2)介詞后用whether

.It

depends

on

whether

you

can

do

the

work

well.

(3)與不定式連用whether。He

can’t

decide

whether

to

accept

or

refuse.

(4)當(dāng)與or

not連用時(shí)用whether。二．what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

1.感嘆句句型結(jié)構(gòu)

（1）what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的中心詞時(shí)名詞。該名詞前常有形容詞修飾，句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一般可省去。句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：what(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）！

What

a

cold

day(it

is)

today!

What

delicious

food(it

is)!

What引導(dǎo)感嘆句中的名詞若為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要用不定冠詞a/an，而不用the；若為復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，則不用冠詞。

（2）how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的中心詞時(shí)形容詞或副詞。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！或how+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！

How

cold

it

is

today!

How

happy

the

children

are!

2.陳述句改為感嘆句常使用“一斷二加三換位”的方法：

(1)“一斷”，即在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后邊斷開，把句子分成兩部分

She

is~a

beautiful

girl.

He

works

~hard.

(2)“二加”，即如果第二部分的第一個(gè)詞為形容詞、副詞，就加上how；如果是名詞（詞組），就加上what。

She

is~（what）a

beautiful

girl.

He

works

~(how)

hard.

(3)“三換位”，即把第一部分與第二部分互換位置，同時(shí)把句號(hào)換為感嘆句。

What

a

beautiful

girl

she

is!

How

hard

he

works!易錯(cuò)易混全解bring,carry,fetch與take

(1)bring表示“拿來(lái)，帶來(lái)”，指從別處把某物帶來(lái)。它表示單程，與take的方向相反。This

little

girl

brought

me

here.

(2)carry表示“攜帶，搬運(yùn)”，有“負(fù)擔(dān)”的含義，它指從一地到另一地的運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的方向。

The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me

to

carry.

(3)fetch表示“去取來(lái)，去請(qǐng)來(lái)”，指到別處去把某物取來(lái)，或把某人接來(lái)。它表示往返，指雙程。

He

rushed

home

to

fetch

his

raincoat.

Run

and

fetch

the

doctor,

please

.

(4)take表示“拿走，帶走”，指把某物從說(shuō)話者所在地拿走，或把人帶走。它指單程，與bring的方向相反。

Take

the

letter

to

the

post

office.

I

want

to

take

some

books

to

the

classroom.

Could

you

help

me,

please

1.Thecat______onthekitchenfloorwhenIcamein.A.waslying B.waslaying C.lied D.lay2.—CanyousparetimetocometoourThanksgivingparty?—Well,Idon’tknow____A.thatIcanfinishmyworkbythenB.ifcanIfinishtheworkbythenC.whetherIcanfinishtheworkbythenD.thatcanIfinishtheworkbythen3.______fineweatheritistoday!A.Whata B.Howa C.What D.How4.I’vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering______youcouldgowithme.A.if B.when C.that D.Where5.Mothertoldmesound______slowerthanlight.A.traveled B.travel C.travels D.traveling基礎(chǔ)演練從方框中選擇合適的詞完成句子，注意詞形的變化puton,lay,treat,lie,steal,endup,spread,tie1.Kateatefivemealsadayduringthesummervacation.Shehas__________8pounds.2.Iamgoingto__________myselftoanewpairofshoes.3.SantaClaus__________loveandjoyeverywherehegoes.4.Ifhedoesn'tmakeachange,hewill__________inprison.5.She__________thebabydowngentlyonthebedlastnight.6.Clotheswere__________alloverthefloor.7.We'vefoundouthe'dbeen__________fromusforyears.8.CommongiftsforFather'sDayareshirtsand__________.鞏固提高一．將下列句子改為感嘆句，每空一詞。1.Theweatherisfine.________________________itis!2.Thestoriesareveryboring.________________thestoriesare!3.Thebuildingissotall.________________tallbuildingitis!4.Tomisrunningveryfast.________________Tomisrunning!5.Theboyisverylazy.________________theboyis![二．將下列句子合并成含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。1.Thegirldancesverywell.Ibelieve.____________________________________________2.TheywillvisittheGreatWallnextFriday.I’msure.____________________________________________3.CanMikespeakChinese?Iwonder.____________________________________________Isshewashingclothesathome?Nobodyknows.____________________________________________5.Youshouldsayhellotoher.Ithink.____________________________________________一.選擇填空。1.I'veenjoyed__________totalkwithyou.A.toheable B.beingableC.tobeenable D.ofbeingable2.Doesitmatter__________itrainstomorrow?A.that B.weatherC.if D.as3.__________foodyou'vecooked!A.Hownice B.WhatniceC.Howanice D.Whatannice4.Itisatimefor__________.A.rememberinglovedoneswhohavedepartedB.rememberlovedoneswhohavedepartedC.torememberlovedoneswhohavedepartedD.haverememberedlovedoneswhohavedeparted5.Thelittlegirlwho__________onthebed__________tohermotherthattheoldhenhad__________twoeggs.A.lay;lay;lied B.lied;lied;liedC.laid;laid;laid D.lay;lied;laid6Letmeknow__________youcancomeornot.whether B.whenC.how D.what7._________greatday!Let’sgoouttohaveapicnic.A.Whata B.WhatC.How D.Howa8.Youwillbelateforschool_________youdon’tgetupearly.A.but B.ifC.and D.or9.Alotoftrees_________aroundhereeveryyear,andwecanenjoyfresherairnow.A.wereplanted B.areplantedC.willplant D.areplanting10.Whatnicemodelplanes!Canyoushowus_________youmakethem?A.whether B.howC.why D.which11.Idon'tknow__________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts12.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong__________.A.wasIill B.haveIbeenillC.Ihavebeenill D.Ihadbeenill13.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay__________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow14.Doyouknow__________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto15.Couldyoutellmewhere__________?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape二．完型。Mother'sDayisatimeofcommemoration(紀(jì)念)andcelebrationforMom.Itisatimeofbreakfastinbed,familygatherings,andcrayonsscribbling"ILoveYou".TheearliestMother'sDaycelebrationscanbedated1tothespringcelebrationsofancientGreeceinhonorofRhea,theMotheroftheGods.During2,Englandcelebratedadaycalled"MotheringSunday"."MotheringSunday"honoredthemothersof3.IntheUnitedStatesMother'sDaywasfirstsuggestedin1872byJuliaWardHowe.In1907,AnnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,beganacampaign(運(yùn)動(dòng))toestablish(建立)a4Mother'sDay.MsJarvispersuaded(說(shuō)服)hermother'schurchinGrafton.WestVirginiatocelebrateMother'sDayonthesecondanniversary(周年紀(jì)念日)ofhermother's5,the2ndSundayofMay.AndthenextyearMother’sDay6inPhiladelphia.MsJarvisandhersupportersbeganto7officials,businessmen,andpoliticiansintheirquesttoestablishanationalMother’sDay.Itwassuccessful.81911Mother'sDaywascelebratedinalmostevery9.PresidentWoodrowWilson,in1914,announcedMother'sDayasanationalholidaythatwastobeheldonthe2ndSundayofMayeachyear.WhilemanycountriesoftheworldcelebratetheirownMother'sDayat10throughouttheyear,therearesomecountriessuchasDenmark.Finland,Italy,Turkey,Australia,andBelgiumwhichalsocelebrateMother'sDayonthesecondSundayofMay.A.up B.backC.from D.downA.1620's B.1620sC.the1620s D.the1620'sA.America B.worldC.England D.GreeceA.public B.commonC.traditional D.nationalA.die B.deathC.dying D.Dead6.A.wascelebrated B.celebratedC.hadcelebrated D.hadbeencelebrated7.A.calling B.writetoC.telephone D.sende-mailsto8.A.By B.InC.Before D.After9.A.city B.countryC.state D.place10.A.times B.thesametimeC.differenttimes D.anothertime__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1.-Helen,doyouknowifMartin__________tomypartynextweek?-Ithinkhewillcomeifhe__________free.A.willcome;willbeB.willcome;isC.comes;isD.comes;willbe2.__________clevertheboyis!A.How B.WhatC.Whata D.Howa3.Haveyoudecided__________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleave B.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhen D.whenyouwillleave4.Canyoutellme__________?A.wheredoesTornlive B.whereTomlivedC.Tomliveswhere D.whereTomLives5.Theoldmanaskedme__________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema6.Doyouknow__________he'smarried?A.if B.whatC.when D.where7.Ididn'tknow__________hewillcomeornot.A.that B.whetherC.weather D.how8.Iwonder__________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost9.Sheaskedme__________.A.whohewas B.whowasheC.whoishe D.whoheis10.Askhim__________.A.whosecupthisis B.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecup D.whoseisthiscup（2015年人教版九年級(jí)上期中測(cè)試題）二．完形填空。Ihaveaveryusefuldictionary.Ithasalotofwords.Itgivesmanymeaningsfor

1

word.ButIalways

readthefirstmeaningofawordinthedictionary.Ineverreadtheothermeanings,becauseIwantedtoreadmybook

2

Thismorning,

3

Iwasreadingabook,Imetastrangesentence.Itlooked

4

first.The

sentencehadsixwords:"Drawapictureofyourhouse"Iknowfivewordsinthissentence,butIdidn'tunderstandoneword.I

5

"draw".Iopenedmydictionaryand

6

thefirstmeaningof"draw".Itwas"pull".Isaidtomyself"NowIknowallthewords,andIthinkIcanunderstandthesentence."SOIwrotethemeaningofthesentence"Pullapictureofyourhouse."Ireadit,and"Whatisthemeaningofit.'?Idon'tunderstandit."

MyfriendDickreadmynewsentence.Helaughed.Hepicked

7

mydictionary,andsaidtome."Look,Jack.Thesecondmeaningof'draw'is'makeapicture

8

apen,apencil

9

brush'.Sothe

sentencemeans:Makeapictureofyourhouse."Iunderstood!IthoughtDickwaswonderful.And

10

I

knewhowtousemydictionary.()1.A.some

(

)2.A.quickly

(

)3.A.how

(

)4.A.difficult

(

)5.A.don'tknow

(

)6.A.lookedfor

(

)7.A.by

(

)8.A.use

(

)9.A.ora

(

)10.A.atlast

B.another

B.quick

B.who

B.hardly

B.didn'tknow

B.discovered

B.out

B.with

B.anda

B.atthebeginningC.each

C.slow

C.what

C.easy

C.knew

C.found

C.up

C.on

C.and

C.attheendD.theother

D.slowly

D.when

D.easily

D.know

D.invented

D.with

D.by

D.or

D.atfirst

三．閱讀理解。AAroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferenttraditionalfoodstocelebratedifferentfestivals.Traditionalfoodsalsoshowanewyearofgoodluckandgoodhealth.AnEnglishChristmasdinnerhasamealofturkey,anditalsoincludespiesandplumpuddings(李子布丁).InGermany,Christmasiscelebratedwithbread,cookiesandcakes,whicharemadelikeChristmastrees.InFrance,Christmasdessertisacakefilledwithbuttercream.InsouthernpartsofIndia,thereisathree-dayfestivalinmid-JanuarycalledPongal.Itincludesriceandadishofricecookedwithsugarthatissharedwithfamiliesandfriends.JapancelebratesNewYearwithaseven-dayfestival.ItbeginsfromJanuary1st.Foodispreparedbeforethefestivalsopeopledon’tneedtocookduringthefestival.OnNewYear'sDay,variousdishescalledOsechiRyori(御節(jié)料理)areserved—eachdishisawishfortheNewYear.InmostAsiancountries,theNewYearbeginswiththefirstfullmoonofthefirstChineseLunar(陰歷的)month.Eachplacehasitsspecialfoodtowelcomethecomingyear:PeopleinChinapreparetheirfoodaheadoftimetoavoidthepossibilitythatusingaknifeduringNewYear'stimemight"cutluck".Foodswithluckynamesarepopular,suchasfish,whichsoundslike"surplus(剩余)".1.Whatdoyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplehavedifferenttraditionalfoodstocelebratedifferentfestivals.B.NewYearbeginsfromJanuary10thinJapan.C.InFrance,Christmasdessertisacakefilledwithbutter.D.Traditionalfoodsonlyshowanewofgoodluck.2.Whatdidathree-dayfestivalinmid-JanuaryinsouthernpartsofIndia?A.Christmas. B.Pongal.C.NewYear. D.LanternFestival.3.InJapan,peoplealllikeeating_________onNewYear'sDay.A.turkey B.dessertC.OsechiRyori D.dumplings4.Theunderlinedword"various"inParagraph4canbestbereplacedby"_________".A.different B.sameC.expensive D.few5.Theunderlinedword"possibility"inParagraph5probablymeans"_________"inChinese.A.必須性 B.必然性C.可變性 D.可能性BTheSpringFestivaliscelebratednotonlyinChinabutalsoinotherpartsoftheworld.ThetraditionalholidayisthemostimportanttoChinesebothhomeandabroad.UnitedKingdom

CelebrationsforSpringFestivalintheUKstartedin1980,withthefirsteveningpartyheldin2002.EveryNewYear,peoplegettogetherandhavealotofactivities.Theysingsongs,dancetomusic,sharephotoswithfriendsorenjoyfilmsinacinema.UnitedStates

SpringFestivalhasbecomeakeytimeforChineselivingorworkingintheUS.TheyjoininalargeeveningpartytowelcomethetraditionalNewYear.Itisagoodchanceforpeopletobuildacircleoffriendsandfeelthattheyarenotalonebecausetheysharethesamecultureandvalues.Australia

TheChineseNewYearwillbewelcomedwiththreeweeksofcelebrationsacrossAustralia.ManypeoplecometoSydney’sChinatownorLittleB