英美文化閱讀理解專項(xiàng)：美國(guó)英語和英國(guó)英語- 高考英語?？加⒚牢幕喿x專練

51.InternationalLanguage---EnglishEnglishisthenativeorofficiallanguageofone-fifthoftheworld.ItisspokeninNorthAmerica,GreatBritain,Australia,andNewZealand.InSouthAfricaandIndiaitisoneoftheofficiallanguages.MorepeoplestudyEnglishthananyotherlanguage.Inmanycountries,thetextbooksinuniversitiesareinEnglish.ManyuniversityclassesaretaughtinEnglisheventhoughthenativelanguageisnotEnglish.Englishisthelanguageofinternationalcommunication.Itisthelanguageofinternationalbusiness,research,andscience.Morethanthree-fourthsoftheworld'smailiswritteninEnglish.MorethanhalfofthescientificresearcharticlesareinEnglish.MostotherlanguageshaveborrowedmanyEnglishwords.WhydidEnglishbecometheinternationallanguage?Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,Frenchwastheinternationallanguage.ThenBritainbecameverypowerfulintheworld.EnglandstartedcoloniesinNorthAmericaandIndiainthe17thcentury.By1900EnglandalsohadcoloniesinotherpartsofAsia,AfricaandtheSouthPacific.ThepeopleinthecolonieshadtouseEnglish.SlowlyitbecamemoreimportantthanFrenchinternationally.AftertheSecondWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecameverypowerful,andevenmorepeoplebegantolearnEnglish.IsEnglishagoodinternationallanguage?Ithasmorewordsthananyotherlanguage.Thegrammarissimplerthanintheothermajorlanguages.However,Englishspellingisdifficult.ForeignersallhavetroublespellingEnglish.Sodonativespeakers.Since1880,peoplehaveinventedoverfiftyartificial(notnatural)languages.Noonespeaksthemasanativelanguage.However,noneofthemhaseverbecomepopular.Somepeopledon'twanttostudyEnglish,butitistheinternationallanguage.(292words)Exercise:◆Helper:SouthPacific南太平洋artificial[ɑ:ti'fi??l]人造的,人為的colony殖民地◆BriefIntroduction:英語是世界上五分之一人口的母語或者官方語言，學(xué)英語的人比學(xué)任何其它語言的人都多，在許多國(guó)家大學(xué)的教材是英文版的，甚至英語不是母語的國(guó)家的許多大學(xué)用英語授課。英語成了國(guó)際語言，為什么呢？在19世紀(jì)中期的法語是國(guó)際語言，后來英國(guó)強(qiáng)大了，在17世紀(jì)的時(shí)候在北美和印度進(jìn)行殖民統(tǒng)治，到20世紀(jì)的時(shí)候已經(jīng)到亞洲、非洲和南太平洋地區(qū)。殖民地的人不得不學(xué)英語，后來美國(guó)強(qiáng)大起來，學(xué)英語的人就更多了。英語是一種好的語言嗎？詞匯量大、語法簡(jiǎn)單，但是拼寫困難。從1880年起，人們就造了50多種語言，沒有人把這些作為母語，甚至每一種能夠流行開來。有些人不想學(xué)習(xí)英語，可它目前應(yīng)該是一種國(guó)際語言?！鬍xercises:從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?A.TheEnglishgrammarissimpleB.Ithasagreatvocabulary.C.Itspronunciationsoundspleasant.D.Itisdifficulttospellcorrectly.2.Theauthorconcludesthat_________A.itisnecessarytoinventanewlanguageB.EnglishistheinternationallanguagewhetheryoulikeitornotC.EnglishismuchbetterthanotherlanguagesD.Englishshouldbespokenallovertheworld3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.AlluniversityclassesaretaughtinEnglishwherethenativelanguageisnotEnglish.B.Inmostcountries,thetextbooksinuniversitiesareinEnglish.C.ThenumberofthepeoplewhostudyEnglishisgreaterthanthosewhostudyanyotherlanguage.D.Morethanthree-fourthsofthescientificresearcharticlesareinEnglish.◆KeysandExplanations:1-3CBC1.選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5段的敘述可以找到A、B、D項(xiàng)，每提到發(fā)音問題。故選C。2.選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句Somepeopledon'twanttostudyEnglish,butitistheinternationallanguage.可以看出不管你是否想學(xué)英語，它是國(guó)際語言，這是事實(shí)，暗示“不管你是否愿意學(xué)，英語是國(guó)際語言，這是事實(shí)”。故選B。3.選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句MorepeoplestudyEnglishthananyotherlanguage.52.LanguagesinAmerica美國(guó)語言面面觀Whatdoyoucallsomeonewhospeaksthreelanguages?Trilingual.Whatdoyoucallsomeonewhospeakstwolanguages?Bilingual.Whatdoyoucallsomeonewhospeaksonelanguage?AnAmerican.Topeopleinmanycountries,beingbilingualoreventrilingualisawayoflife.ButsincethemothertongueofmostAmericansisEnglish,alanguagewidelyspokenaroundtheworld,theyoftendon'tfeeltheyneedtolearnaforeignlanguage.Moreover(besides),peoplewholiveintheheartlandofAmericahavelittlecontactwithotherlanguagespeakers.Actually,though,this"landofimmigrants"hasalwayshadpeopleofmanydifferentnationalitiesandlanguages.The1990censusshowedthatalmost14%ofAmericansspokeanon-Englishlanguageathome.Yetonly3%ofthemspokeEnglish"notwell"or"notatall."Thatmeansthatslightlymorethanoneoutof10Americanscouldbeconsideredbilingual.Besidesthat,manyhighschoolandcollegestudentsandevensomeelementaryschoolstudentsarerequiredtotakeaforeignlanguageasapartoftheircurriculum.InadditiontoSpanish,GermanandFrench,moreandmorestudentsarechoosingEasternEuropeanandAsianlanguages.Atsomeplaces,especiallyinmajorbigcitiesimmigrantshavekeptupthelanguageandcultureoftheirown.Somenativescangetalongquitewellwiththeirnativelanguage,withouthavingtobotherlearningEnglish.RegionssuchassouthernFloridaandtheSouthwesthavemanySpanish-speakingneighborhoods.Infact,Spanishspeakers----numberingover17millionmakeupthelargestnon-EnglishlanguagegroupinAmerica.ButChinese,Vietnamese,Italian,PolishandmanyothergroupsaddtothelanguageflavorofAmerica.Foreignlanguagesaresocommonlyusedinsomeethnicneighborhoodsthatvisitorsmightthinktheyareinanothercountry!AlthoughsomeAmericanswelcomethislinguisticandculturaldiversity,othershavebeguntofearthattheEnglishlanguageisbeingthreatened.Sincethe1980s,someorganizationshavesoughttoestablishEnglishasthe"officiallanguage"andrestricttheuseofnon-Englishlanguages.However,somegroupsobjecttosuch"languagerestrictionism".WhetherornotEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedStates,itremainsthe"languageofwidercommunication."NearlyeveryonerecognizestheneedtostudyEnglishinordertodowellinAmerica.TohelpthosewhowanttoimprovetheirEnglish,EnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)classescomeup.CitieswithlargenumbersofrecentimmigrantsoftensetupbilingualeducationprogramstoteachstudentscertainsubjectsintheirnativelanguagewhiletheyimprovetheirEnglish.Languageeducatorsoftenhavestronganddifferentviewsastowhichcanhelplearnersachievebetterresults:abilingualapproach,anESLapproachorevenapureimmersion("sinkorswim")approach.However,alltheseteachersshareacommoncommitment:tohelpstudentsdowellinEnglish.(471words)◆Helper:trilingual[trai'li?gw?l]懂三國(guó)語言的Bilingual[bai'li?gw?l]懂兩國(guó)語言的census['sens?s]普查curriculum[k?'rikjul?m](課程)region['ri:d??n]地區(qū)Vietnamese['vjetn?'mi:z]Polish波蘭語flavor['fleiv?]風(fēng)味diversity[dai'v?:siti]多樣性restrictionism[ri'strik??nizm]限制主義immersion[i'm?:??n]浸入(專心)commitment[k?'mitm?nt]使命◆BriefIntroduction:能說三種語言的人，我們可以稱之為“三語人”；能講兩種語言的稱之為“雙語人”；那么，只會(huì)一種語言的人呢？美國(guó)人。對(duì)于許多國(guó)家的人而言，會(huì)說兩三種語言是件很平常的事兒。然而，美國(guó)人卻覺得沒必要學(xué)習(xí)外語，主要原因在于他們的母語——英語是世界上廣泛通用的語言。另外，居住于美國(guó)大陸內(nèi)地的人很少與其它語言族群接觸，因此外語能力對(duì)于他們更顯得無關(guān)緊要。實(shí)際上，作為一塊“移民之地”，美國(guó)一直擁有許多來自不同國(guó)籍、說不同語言的人群。1990年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，十分之一強(qiáng)的美國(guó)人是“雙語人”。此外，美國(guó)的許多中學(xué)生、大學(xué)生，甚至小學(xué)生在校的學(xué)科都必須加修一門外語。在一些主要的大都市的社區(qū)中，當(dāng)?shù)氐囊泼襁€保留著他們自己的文化傳統(tǒng)和語言。有些當(dāng)?shù)厝似綍r(shí)只講母語就夠了，不需要?jiǎng)谏竦貙W(xué)英語。在一些外來民族的后裔社區(qū)里，由于外語的廣泛使用，甚至?xí)箒碓L者有身置異國(guó)的感覺。雖然不少美國(guó)人歡迎這種語言與文化的多元化，但也有些人已開始擔(dān)心英語會(huì)受到威脅。自1980年代以來，一部分人主張通過立法講英語定為法定語言并限制其它語言的使用，但同時(shí)有些團(tuán)體反對(duì)這種“語言限制主義”。無論英語是否是美國(guó)的官方語言，它仍是“廣泛溝通的語言”。在美國(guó)，幾乎每個(gè)人都了解，若想要出人頭地，必須精通英語。為此，在擁有大批新進(jìn)移民的一些大都市，都設(shè)有雙語教學(xué)課程，在用移民們的母語教授某些科目的同時(shí)，幫助學(xué)生提高英語水平?！鬍xercises:從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。1.MostAmericansdon’tthinktheyneedtolearnaforeignlanguagebecause_____________.A.AmericaisoneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworldB.theydon’tliketohavecontactwithotherlanguagespeakersC.beingbilingualortrilingualisnotawayoftheirlifeD.theirnativelanguage,English,iswidelyspokenallovertheworld2.Accordingtothe1990census,_________ofAmericanscouldspeakatleasttwolanguages.A.alittlemorethan17%B.about3%C.alittlemorethan10%D.lessthan10%3.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.SomeimmigrantshavekeptuptheirownlanguageandcultureincertainplacesofAmerica.B.SomenativesinAmericacan’tgetalongquitewellwithEnglish.C.Spanishspeakersmakeupthelargestnon-EnglishlanguagegroupinAmerica.D.ManyforeignlanguagegroupsaddtothelanguageflavorofAmerica.4.Itis____________thatmakessomeAmericansfearthattheEnglishlanguageisbeingthreatened.A.thearrivalofnewimmigrantsB.thelinguisticandculturaldiversityC.thecurriculumwhichinvolvesforeignlanguagesD.Americans’thecurriculuminvolvingforeignlanguages5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat___________________________.A.LearningEnglishwellhelpsapersongainsuccessinAmerica.B.EnglishasasecondlanguageclasseshavebenefitedmanypeopleinAmerica.C.BilingualeducationprogramshasbeensetupbythegovernmenttoteachrecentimmigrantsinAmerica.D.ThebilingualapproachhasbeenprovedtobethebestlanguageteachingapproachinAmerica.◆KeysandExplanations:1-5DCABA1.選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知大多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為他們所說的英語是世界上廣泛通用的語言，因而沒有必要學(xué)習(xí)外語，由此應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2.選C。具體信息題。第三段提到1990年的對(duì)美國(guó)人所使用的語言的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，其中的一句話——“Thatmeansthatslightlymorethanoneoutof10Americanscouldbeconsideredbilingual”可以幫助我們得出此題答案。3.選A。段落大意題。第四段主要談到美國(guó)的某些地區(qū)的移民依然保留著他們自己的語言和文化，因此答案是A。4.選B。推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段開頭推斷出造成美國(guó)人擔(dān)心英語會(huì)受到威脅的主要原因正是美國(guó)社會(huì)里語言與文化的多元化。5.選A。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的句子“NearlyeveryonerecognizestheneedtostudyEnglishinordertodowellinAmerica.”推斷出正確答案是A。53.BrEandAmEAmericanandBritishpeopleusedifferentgreetings.IntheUSAthemostpopulargreetingis,"Hi".InBritainitis"Hello!”or"Howareyou?"."Hi!”iscreepingintotheBritish,too.Whentheyareintroducedtosomeone,theAmericanssay,"Gladtoknowyou."TheBritishsay,"Howdoyoudo?"or"Pleasedtomeetyou."WhenAmericanssay"Good--bye",theynearlyalwaysadd,"Haveagoodday."or"Haveagoodtrip."etc.tofriendsorstrangers.TheBritisharealreadybeginningtouse"Haveagoodday."TheBritishusuallyuse"got"inthesenseof"have".TheAmericanshardlyeverdo.Forexample:AmE:Doyouhaveacarroom,etc.?Yes,Ido.BrE:Haveyougotacar,room,etc?Yes,Ihave.ThereareanumberofdifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishinthespellingofwords,e.g.check(US)/cheque(UK).ManyAmericanwordsendin"or",e.g.honor,labor.ManyverbsinAmericanEnglishendwith"ize"or"izing"forms,e.g.organize,realizing.SuchwordsarespeltinBrEwith"iseor"ising",e.g.organise,realising.InAmericanEnglish,"practice"isusedbothfortheverbandnoun.InBrE.theverbisspelt"practise",andthenoun"practice".InAmericanEnglish,onewrites,"traveler",whileinBritishEnglish,onewrites"traveller".ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.Buttheoppositehashappened.Thelinksbetweenthetwocountriesaresostrongthatlinguisticallyandprobablyculturallytoo,theyareclosertogetherthanever.(290words)◆Helper:creep[kri:p]into開始發(fā)生于…；溜進(jìn)…predict預(yù)測(cè)opposite相反的link聯(lián)系linguistically[li?'gwistikli]語言上culturally文化上的◆BriefIntroduction:美國(guó)和英國(guó)使用的雖然都是英語，但是差別是存在的。首先美國(guó)人和英國(guó)人在問候語的使用上不一樣，再者使用have的用法也不一樣，而且單詞拼寫的也有許多不同。曾經(jīng)有人預(yù)測(cè)說英國(guó)英語和美國(guó)英語最終會(huì)成為各自獨(dú)立的語言，但是相反的情況出現(xiàn)了。兩個(gè)國(guó)家的關(guān)系如此密切，結(jié)果他們的語言和文化上的聯(lián)系也就更密切了，他