高考英語精準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義必修四Module4GreatScientists

[一積詞匯見多識(shí)廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．nicknamen．綽號(hào) 2．speciesn．(動(dòng)物或植物的)種3．exportvt.出口 4．brilliantadj.聰穎的；才華橫溢的5．careern.生涯；經(jīng)歷 6．relativityn.相對(duì)論(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．publishvt.出版 2．breakthroughn.突破3．supportvt.支持 4．replacevt.取代；以……代替5．victimn.受害者 6．escapevi.逃跑；逃避7．straightadj.直的 8．clearvi.(煙霧)消散9．quantityn.數(shù)量 10．qualityn.質(zhì)量(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.producern．生產(chǎn)者；制造商→producevt.&vi.生產(chǎn)→productionn．產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→productn．產(chǎn)品*2.educatevt.教育→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育工作者3.agriculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的*4.originaladj.原來的；最初的→originn．起源→originatevi.起源5.exportvt.出口→(反義詞)importvt.進(jìn)口*6.graduatevi.畢業(yè)n．畢業(yè)生→graduationn．畢業(yè)7.personaladj.個(gè)人的→personallyadv.就個(gè)人來說→personalityn．個(gè)性；人格*8.briefadj.簡(jiǎn)短的；簡(jiǎn)潔的→brieflyadv.簡(jiǎn)短地；簡(jiǎn)潔地9.physicaladj.身體的→physicallyadv.身體上；身體上地10.explodevi.爆炸→explosionn．爆炸；爆炸聲用上面標(biāo)注*的單詞的正確形式填空1．ThiswordoriginatedfromaLatinwordandtheoriginalmeaningisquitedifferentfromwhatitistoday.(original)2．Thoughsheexplainedthetopicbriefly,_westilllearnedalotfromherbriefwords.(brief)3．Aftergraduation,_heisoneofthegraduateswhohavegraduatedthisyearandarelookingforajob.(graduate)4．Thisfactoryproducesputers.Itsproducerisveryoptimisticabouttheproductionandsale.(produce)5．Thegovernmentisattachingmoreimportancetoeducatingtheyoungergeneration.Inasense,itisthedutyofeveryeducatortodowhattheycanforthecauseofeducationofChina.(educate)[話題單詞積累]1．character/'k?rIkt?/n．品質(zhì)，性格2．outgoing/'a?tɡ??I?/adj.愛交際的；外向的3．independent/?IndI'pend?nt/adj.獨(dú)立的4．courage/'k?rId?/n.勇氣；膽量5．reliable/rI'laI?b(?)l/adj.可信賴的；可依靠的6．determined/dI't??mInd/adj.堅(jiān)定的7．diligent/'dIlId?(?)nt/adj.勤奮的8．measure/'me??/v.測(cè)量9．observe/?b'z??v/v.觀察；監(jiān)視；觀測(cè)10．explore/Ik'spl??/v.探測(cè)；勘探11．solve/s?lv/vt.解決；解答12．simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.使簡(jiǎn)化；使簡(jiǎn)易13．equip/I'kwIp/vt.提供設(shè)備；裝備；配備14．create/kri?'eIt/vt.創(chuàng)造；造成15．invent/In'vent/vt.發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造16．inspire/In'spaI?/vt.鼓舞；激勵(lì)17．research/rI's??t?/n.研究；調(diào)查18．curious/'kj??rI?s/adj.好奇的；奇異的19．a(chǎn)ccurate/'?kj?r?t/adj.精確的20．personality/p??s?'n?lItI/n.性格；個(gè)性21．quality/'kw?lItI/n.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)22．thoughtful/'θ??tf?l/adj.考慮周到的23．intelligence/In'telId??ns/n.智力；才智；智慧24．a(chǎn)ttitude/'?tItju?d/n.態(tài)度；看法25．patient/'peI?(?)nt/adj.耐心的26．confident/'k?nfId?nt/adj.自信的27．optimistic/??ptI'mIstIk/adj.樂觀的28．reasonable/'ri?z(?)n?b(?)l/adj.合乎情理的29．flexible/'fleksIb(?)l/adj.靈活的；可變通的[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.bring_up培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育*2.bring_in引進(jìn)；賺得3.as_a_result_of由于……的結(jié)果*4.carry_out實(shí)施；履行*5.earn_one's_living謀生6e_to/into_power掌權(quán)7.convert_..._into_...把……轉(zhuǎn)化為……8._attach_to把……系在……上；附上；連接*9.the/a_key_to_(doing)_sth.(做)某事的關(guān)鍵10.experiment_with對(duì)……進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)11.be_known_for因……而出名/聞名12.be_diagnosed_with被診斷出(二)用上面標(biāo)注*的短語完成下列句子1．Asoneof8kidsofaBrazilianfamily,brought_upinAmerica'scrowdedapartment,I'dspentseveralyearssearchingforaloneness.2．Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedupourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarried_out.3．Thesaleofthepany'snewproductisgood.Ithasbrought_intwomilliondollarssofar.4．Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,the_key_toeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)5．Someuneducatedandunskilledpeopleearn_their_livingbydoingmanuallabor(體力活)．[話題短語積累]1．beindependentof獨(dú)立于2．beactivein某方面很積極3．haveatalent/giftfor有……才能4．beskilledin在……方面熟練5．bequalifiedfor適合；勝任6．beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)7．togetherwith和……一起8．devoteoneselfto致力于；專注于9．furthereducation進(jìn)修；繼續(xù)教育10．beknownas作為……而出名11．layasolidfoundationfor為……打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)12．graduatefrom畢業(yè)于13．bedisappointedatsb.對(duì)某人失望14．showloveandconcernforsb.愛護(hù)和關(guān)心某人15．beconfidentofsth./insb.對(duì)某事/某人有信心[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that...[例句]InStephenHawking'scaseitwasdiscoveredthathewasabrilliantscientist.[仿寫]據(jù)說身體語言占第一印象的55%，而你說的話只占7%。(2015·福建高考單選)It_is_said_thatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.2．keep＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語[例句]Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.[仿寫]很抱歉讓你等了三個(gè)小時(shí)。Iamsorryforhavingkept_you_waitingforthreehours.3．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語[例句]Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,beingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?[仿寫]亨利·克雷·弗里克是紐約的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把他的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏品留給了美國人民。HenryClayFrick,arichNewYorker,diedin1919,leaving_his_house,_furniture_and_artcollection_to_the_American_people.[話題佳句背誦]1．Heisalwaysweledbecausehedresseswellandbehavesgracefully,consideratelyandpolitely,givingothersagoodimpression.他穿戴得體并且舉止文雅、禮貌周到，能給別人留下好的印象，所以他總是受歡迎。2．Shewasquiteoptimisticandenergetic,whichbroughtmealotofhappinessandcourage.Ilearnedsomethingpreciousfromher—beliefinlife.她非常樂觀且有活力，這給我?guī)砹嗽S多快樂和勇氣。我從她身上學(xué)到了一些寶貴的東西——要對(duì)生活有信心。3．TuYouyou,agreatChinesewomanscientist,devotesherselftoscientificresearchandmakesgreatcontributionsinthefieldofmedicine.屠呦呦，中國一位偉大的女科學(xué)家，致力于科學(xué)研究并在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。[四背語段語感流暢]QianXuesenwasborninDecember1911,Shanghai.AftergraduatingfromShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,hewenttoAmericaforfurthereducationinMIT,whichlaidasolidfoundationforhislatercareer.ThemomenthereturnedtoChinain1955,hedevotedhimselftotheresearchintodevelopingrockets.Withgreatefforts,hemadebreakthroughtogetherwithothertopscientistsinthisfieldyearslater.KnownasthefatherofChina'sspaceprogram,QianXuesenwasoneofthemostbrilliantscientistsinChina.錢學(xué)森1911年12月出生于上海。從上海交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他去美國麻省理工大學(xué)深造，這為他后來的職業(yè)生涯打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。1955年他一回國，就致力于火箭研制的研究中。通過不懈努力，多年后他和其他頂級(jí)科學(xué)家一起在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域取得了突破。錢學(xué)森作為“中國航天之父”而著名，他是中國最杰出的科學(xué)家之一。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．supportvt.&n．支持；擁護(hù)；支撐；供養(yǎng)[教材原句]Theresearchwassupportedbythegovernment.這項(xiàng)研究得到了政府的支持。(1)supportsb.insth. 在某方面支持某人supporta(one's)family/oneself 養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生(2)etoone'ssupport 來支持某人withone'ssupport 在某人的支持下insupportof 支持；擁護(hù)①He'slookingforanewjob,onewherehecangetmoremoneytosupport_his_family.他正在尋找一份新工作，一份能賺到更多錢以養(yǎng)家糊口的工作。②Ascientistmustproduceevidencein_support_ofhistheory.科學(xué)家必須提出證據(jù)以支持其理論。③Wesupportthepolicemenwholeheartedlyintheirworkagainstcrime.我們?nèi)χС志旆纯狗缸锏墓ぷ鳌?．quantityn．?dāng)?shù)量；量；大量[經(jīng)典例句]Thedataislimitedintermsofbothqualityandquantity.這份資料在質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上都很有限。alarge(good)/smallquantityof 大/少量的largequantitiesof 大量的；許多的inquantity 大量地inquantityandquality 在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上①Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdeserthas_covered(cover)theland.由于破壞森林，大量的沙漠已經(jīng)覆蓋了土地。②Wecanofferyouabetterpriceifyoucanbuyitinquantity.如果你能大量地購買，我們能給你一個(gè)更好的價(jià)格。③Yourworkhasimprovedin_quantity_and_qualitythisterm.本學(xué)期你的工作在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都已經(jīng)提高了。[名師指津]aquantityof/largequantitiesof后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)它作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。3．escapev．&n．逃跑，逃脫；避開；(氣體、液體等)漏出；被遺忘[教材原句]TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)從管子里釋放出來的氣體可以使其飛向空中。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中escape的含義①Seeingthepoisonousgasescapingfromthebrokenpipe,hesoundedthealarm.漏出②Thetwoofficerswereextremelyluckytoescapeseriousinjury.避開③ObviouslyIhadmethimbefore,buthisnameescapedmeforthemoment.被遺忘(1)escape(doing)sth. 逃脫(做)某事escapefrom/outof... 從……逃跑，逃走escapeone'sattention/notice 逃過某人的注意；被某人遺忘(2)anarrowescape 死里逃生；幸免于難④Onlywiththegreatestofluckdidhemanagetoescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.是由于運(yùn)氣太好他才能從快速上升的洪水中逃脫。⑤Thedrivernarrowlyescapedbeing_killed(kill)inthetrafficaccident.這名司機(jī)在車禍中差一點(diǎn)被撞死。⑥Heeverhadanarrowescapefromtheadventuroussport,sohedoesn'tdaretotryitagain.他曾經(jīng)在冒險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中死里逃生，所以他不敢再嘗試了。4．clearvi.(煙霧)消散；變清澈；(天)轉(zhuǎn)晴；清(嗓子)vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除；使干凈adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；明確的[教材原句]WhenthesmokeclearedWanHuandhischairhaddisappeared.當(dāng)煙霧消散后，萬虎和他的座椅已無影無蹤了。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中clear的含義①Itwasafinedayoncethefoghadcleared.(煙霧)消散②Theskyclearedafterthestorm.(天)轉(zhuǎn)晴③Theprofessorclearedhisthroatbeforegivingaspeech.清(嗓子)④Wetriedourbesttoclearhismindofdoubt.消除⑤Themoviesendsaclearmessagetoteenagers:ifyouaredeterminedtofollowyourdream,nothingstandsintheway.明確的(1)clearaway 清除；驅(qū)散；拿走；收拾clearup 放晴；整理；清理；消除(誤會(huì))clearone'sthroat (說話前)清嗓子(2)make...clear 闡明；明確表示⑥Althoughthehurricanehasgone,itwillbemonthsbeforethedamageisclearedup.雖然颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)過去了，但是還要花幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間才能把它造成的破壞清理干凈。⑦Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.蘇姍明確向我表示，說她希望自己重新開始新的生活。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Mostpeopleholdthebeliefthateducation(educate)canchangeone'sfate.2．Themurderertriedtoescapebeing_caught(catch)bythepolicebutinvain.3．Humanswillneverbereplacedbyrobots.Wearetheirmastersforever.4．Themuseumhasbeenpleted,butthegovernmenthasn'tmadeitclearwhenitwillbeopentothepublic.5．Alargequantityofmoneyhas_been_collected_(collect)tohelpthosewhoaresufferingfromthefloods.6．Infaceofincreasingenergylimits,Chinaneedsamajorbreakthroughinminingandexploration.7．Hissuccesswasalongstory,butinbrief,hesucceededaftermanyfailures.8．Asthediscussionwenton,wefoundwhatweweretalkingaboutgotoffthepoint,wanderingawayfromthe_original(origin)topic.9．Ifyoufindyourselftrappedinthehabitofplaining,youshouldsimplytrytoconvertitinto_positivefeelingsandstayoptimistic.10．HemetRachelathercollegegraduation(graduate)ceremony,whomhewaslatertomarry.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Largequantitiesofsandwaswasheddownthehillsidebytherain.was→were2．Hisfirstbookpublishedlastyearanditturnedouttobeabest-seller.published前加was3．Beingphysicalexaminedforfreetwiceayeariswhateveryclerkshallbeensuredinanypanyofthestate.physical→physically4．Onbrief,practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.On→In5．Itrainedheavilythismorning,butitclearedoutbynoon.out→upⅢ.單句寫作(同義替換/一句多譯)1．Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmate,whosenameheforgot(＝escaped_him)forthemoment.2．大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了，因此湖泊聞起來很難聞。①Large_quantities_of_water_have_been_polluted,_sothelakesmellsterrible.(quantities)②A_large_quantity_of_water_has_been_polluted,_sothelakesmellsterrible.(quantity)3．我舉雙手支持校園內(nèi)禁止吸煙。①I'llraisebothhandsin_support_of_banning_smokinginsidetheschoolyard.(supportn．)②I'llraisebothhandsin_favour_of_banning_smokinginsidetheschoolyard.(favourn．)[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．earnone'sliving謀生[教材原句](He)gotajobinanofficetoearnhisliving.(他)在一家事務(wù)所工作以謀生。makealiving＝earnone'sliving 謀生earnone'sownliving 自食其力earnmoney/afortune 掙錢/大錢earnsb.praise/areputation 為某人贏得贊揚(yáng)/名聲①M(fèi)aryoftendoessometranslationworkto_earn_extra_money,_whichaccountsforhalfofherine.瑪麗經(jīng)常做些翻譯工作來獲取額外收入，這些收入占了她收入的一半。②Heearned_his_living_by_selling_newspaperswhenhewasyoung.當(dāng)他年輕時(shí)靠賣報(bào)紙謀生。③Thepanyhas_earned_a_good_reputationforreliability.該公司因其誠信可靠而贏得了良好聲譽(yù)。2．eto/intopower掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政[教材原句](He)leftGermanywhenHitlercametopowerandwenttoworkintheUS.希特勒掌權(quán)時(shí)，(他)離開了德國去美國工作了。(be)inpower 當(dāng)權(quán)；掌權(quán)take/seizepower 取得/奪取政權(quán)beyondone'spower 不能勝任；超過了某人的能力within/inone'spower 有能力；力所能及①Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehecame_to/into_power.他執(zhí)政已經(jīng)5年了。②Thegovernmentin_powerisdevotedtotheimprovementofeducation.這一屆政府致力于提高教育。③Iamsorry,itisbeyondmypowertodothis.對(duì)不起，這件事我也無能為力。[名師指津]etopower與(be)inpower都表示“掌權(quán)”，但前者表示動(dòng)作，不能與時(shí)間段連用；后者表示狀態(tài)，可以與時(shí)間段連用。3．Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeep_the_rocket_movinginastraightdirection.這些管子被綁在一根長木棍上，這有助于火箭徑直向前飛。keepsb./sth.doingsth.“讓某人/某物一直做某事”。keep用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，“keep＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”，其賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等。①Thequestionkeptmewondering(wonder)fortherestofthenight.這個(gè)問題讓我想了一晚上。②To_keep_the_feet_dry_and_fortable,_thisnewkindofshoesisequippedwithamicro-fan.(2014·湖南高考滿分作文)為了讓我們的腳保持干燥、舒服，這種新鞋配備了微型電扇。③Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggenerationinformed(inform)ofthecurrentaffairs.讓年輕的一代時(shí)刻了解時(shí)事是很有必要的。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.power短語介詞填空1．Iwilldoeverythingin/withinmypowertohelpyou.2．I'mafraiditisbeyondmypowertodowhatyouareasking.3．Assoonastheirpartycameto/intopower,theychangedthelaw.Ⅱ.用earn的相關(guān)短語補(bǔ)全句子1．史蒂夫·喬布斯19歲時(shí)便以賣電腦為生。SteveJobsearned_his_living_by_selling_puterswhenhewas19yearsold.2．他在12歲時(shí)就必須自立，自食其力。Hehadtostandonhisownfeetand_earn_his_own_livingattheageof12.3．從河里營救了一個(gè)女孩為他贏得了好的名聲。Savingagirlfromtheriverearned_him_a_good_reputation.Ⅲ.運(yùn)用所學(xué)短語完成下面語段WangDongwasbornand1.brought_up(養(yǎng)育)inaremotemountainvillage,wherepeoplemainly2.earned_their_living(謀生)byfarming.3.As_a_result_of(由于……的結(jié)果)lackofadvancedfarmingtechnique,theylivedahardlife.ThenWangDongrealizedthat4.the_key_to(……的關(guān)鍵)abetterlifewastohaveadvancedtechnology,andafternewtechniquewas5.brought_in(引進(jìn)),theirlifewasgettingbetterandbetter.Ⅳ.單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Somestudentsintheclassstillkeeptheireyesclosed(close)．2．Remembertokeeptheengine_running(run),foritisdifficulttostart.3．MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,whichmakesitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.→MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,making_it_much_easier_for_peopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.4．Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.→It_is_said_thatthebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對(duì)接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文clear，replace，quality，quantity，brilliant，figure，graduate，publish，asaresultof1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①對(duì)于每個(gè)人來說，很顯然什么也取代不了母親的愛和照顧。Itiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanreplacemother'sloveandcare.②他的母親，有許多優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)，并且在他的教育上花費(fèi)了大量的金錢。Hismotherhasmanyfinequalitiesandspentalargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.③從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后不久他就成為他所在領(lǐng)域里才華橫溢的人物。HebecameabrilliantfigureinhisfieldsoonafterhegraduatedfromPekingUniversity.④上周他的第一本書出版了。Hisfirstbookwaspublishedlastweek.⑤因?yàn)樗赣H的支持他才獲得成功的。Heachievessuccessas_a_result_ofhismother'ssupport.2．升級(jí)平淡句(1)用定語從句改寫句②His_mother,_who_has_many_fine_qualities_and_spent_a_large_quantity_of_money_on_his_education.(2)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語改寫句③Having_graduated_from_Peking_University,_he_became_a_brilliant_figure_in_his_field_soon.(3)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型改寫句⑤It_is_as_a_result_of_his_mother's_support_that_he_achieves_success.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：inbrief)Itiscleartoeveryonethatnothingcanreplacemother'sloveandcare.Hismother,whohasmanyfinequalitiesandspentalargequantityofmoneyonhiseducation.HavinggraduatedfromPekingUniversity,hebecameabrilliantfigureinhisfieldsoon.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedlastweek.Inbrief,itisasaresultofhismother'ssupportthatheachievessuccess.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——賓語從句＋現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.本句含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該從句中含有現(xiàn)在分詞短語“escapingfromthetube”作后置定語。在20世紀(jì)70年代期間對(duì)英國人的口音研究發(fā)現(xiàn)聽起來像BBC新聞播報(bào)員的嗓音被認(rèn)為是最有吸引力的嗓音。真題長難句AstudyofBritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice.(2015·廣東高考閱讀理解D)本句含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，該從句中含有現(xiàn)在分詞短語“soundinglikeaBBCnewsreader”作后置定語。作為“個(gè)人情況”的子話題，“偉大科學(xué)家”常常出現(xiàn)在高考題目中的閱讀理解中，以介紹人物和科技發(fā)明類的說明文為主；有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)關(guān)于介紹某位科學(xué)家的書面表達(dá)。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2014·廣東高考閱讀D)[1]Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.[2]Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoepanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thepanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.[3]ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachbing(海灘搜尋)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachbersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveaputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.[4]Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbeeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachbersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．fittingrooms B．tradingfairsC．businesstalks D．groupmeetings2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoepanytofindout________.A．whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachbers.B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachbers.C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分研究方式總體介紹總分總模式第2段第2段畫波浪線部分使用材料分項(xiàng)論述第3段第3段畫波浪線部分協(xié)助群體分項(xiàng)論述第4段第4段畫波浪線部分影響評(píng)價(jià)總結(jié)第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[自主翻譯]作為一名有著多年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的科學(xué)家，在20世紀(jì)90年代早期當(dāng)他聽說數(shù)百雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋沖到了美國西北海岸，這時(shí)他開始了這種類型的研究。[自主翻譯]如果得知這些鞋子何時(shí)何地墜入水中，然后追蹤它們?cè)诤蔚貨_到海岸，他就能夠得知關(guān)于洋流的很多信息。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]1．詞義猜測(cè)題。選B根據(jù)畫線部分后的“totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear”可知，人們?cè)谶@里建立了買賣鞋子的交易市場(chǎng)。A、C項(xiàng)為“無中生有”型錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)為“對(duì)一半”型錯(cuò)誤，錯(cuò)在題干中“group”。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選C根據(jù)第二段中的“Hephonedtheshoepanyand...thattheydidn't.”可知Ebbesmeyer給公司打問他們是否還收回這些鞋子，顯然在問是否能用他們的鞋子做實(shí)驗(yàn)。A項(xiàng)為“曲解文意”型錯(cuò)誤；B、D兩項(xiàng)為“無中生有”型錯(cuò)誤。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選A根據(jù)第二段最后一句和第三段中的“Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.”可知Ebbesmeyer通過收集鞋子的信息來印證自己對(duì)洋流模式的猜想。B項(xiàng)為“曲解文意”型錯(cuò)誤；C、D兩項(xiàng)為“無中生有”型錯(cuò)誤。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選D根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知Ebbesmeyer對(duì)在海面上發(fā)現(xiàn)的任何不明物體都會(huì)打詢問。句中“callwithquestionsabout...”與“phoningabout”語意一致，故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)為“張冠李戴”型錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)為“曲解文意”型錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)為“對(duì)一半”型錯(cuò)誤，原文表述為“Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachbersandoceanexperts”。5．主旨大意題。選C根據(jù)第一段中的“However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.”可知文章主要介紹了研究洋流的一種獨(dú)特方法。[閱讀理解系列技法16]詞義猜測(cè)題正確選項(xiàng)特征1．與原文上下文語境聯(lián)系非常緊密。2．可以通過上下文內(nèi)容或邏輯關(guān)系提示確定，原文提示的方式一般有：定義和解釋、描述和例證、同義和反義、平行關(guān)系以及構(gòu)詞法等。以上文第1題為例：(三)這樣積累1．randomadj.隨意的；隨機(jī)的 2．trackv.跟蹤；追蹤3．landv.登陸；著陸 4．patternn.模式5．reliableadj.可信賴的 6．datan.數(shù)據(jù)7．makeeffortstodosth.努力做某事二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2008·湖南高考)請(qǐng)從下列人物中選擇你最喜歡的一位，用英語寫一篇120詞左右的短文。要求根據(jù)所給信息作適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，且需包括以下三部分內(nèi)容：1．對(duì)該人物的簡(jiǎn)單介紹；2．喜歡該人物的理由；3．從該人物身上得到的啟示。ThomasEdisonHelenKellerWilliamShakespeareinventor;creative;diligent;fullofwisdomordinarybutgreatwoman;disabled；optimistic；eagertolearnwriter;talented;imaginative;manofallages“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.”“...ifIhadthepowerofsightforthreedays.”“Lifeisastage...”[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對(duì)詞匯不丟冤枉分1．值得做……be_worth_doing2．充滿想象力full_of_imagination3．贊美；欽佩admire4．對(duì)……做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)make_great_contributions_to5．給……留下印象impress6．……的秘密the_secret_to_...第二步：列全要點(diǎn)、寫對(duì)句子?；痉?．托馬斯·愛迪生出生于美國。ThomasEdison_was_born_in_America.2．他是一位偉大的科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。Hewas_a_great_scientist_and_inventor.3．他曾被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)不值得教育的孩子。He_was_once_thought_to_beaboynot_worth_educating.4．我很欽佩愛迪生因?yàn)樗麑?duì)世界做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。Iadmire_Edison_a_lotbecausehemade_great_contributions_totheworld.5．在他的一生中，他總是急切地知道事物是怎樣運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。Inhislifetime,hewas_always_eager_to_know_howthingsworked.6．這幫助他獲得了“MeloPark的鬼才”的綽號(hào)。It_helped_him_to_earnthenickname“theWizardofMeloPark”．7．他如此勤奮以至于整日整夜的工作。He_was_so_diligent_thatheworkeddayandnight.8．這就是為什么他擁有如此多的偉大發(fā)明。This_was_whyhehadsomanygreatinventions.第三步：句式升級(jí)、打造亮點(diǎn)得高分1.用過去分詞作狀語改寫句1，然后和句2合并Born_in_America,_Thomas_Edison_was_a_great_scientist_and_inventor.2．用介詞短語作原因狀語改寫句4I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world.3．用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句改寫句6，然后和句5合并In_his_lifetime,_he_was_always_eager_to_know_how_things_worked,_which_helped_him_to_earn_the_nickname_“the_Wizard_of_Melo_Park”．4．把句7改為倒裝句，把句8改為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，最后兩句合并So_diligent_was_he_that_he_worked_day_and_night,_which_was_why_he_had_so_many_great_inventions.第四步：過渡銜接、潤色成文創(chuàng)滿分Born_in_America,_Thomas_Edison_was_a_great_scientist_and_inventor._He_was_once_thought_to_be_a_boy_not_worth_educating._In_fact,_he_was_a_man_full_of_imagination.I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world._He_had_more_than_1,000_inventions._In_his_lifetime,_he_was_always_eager_to_know_how_things_worked,_which_helped_him_to_earn_the_nickname_“the_Wizard_of_Melo_Park”．_So_diligent_was_he_that_he_worked_day_and_night,_which_was_why_he_had_so_many_great_inventions.What_impresses_me_most_is_his_famous_saying,_“Genius_is_one_percent_inspiration_and_ninety-nine_percent_perspiration.”Probably_I_cannot_be_an_Edison_myself,_but_I_can_be_a_hard-working_learner._From_him,_I_realize_the_secret_to_success_is_not_when_or_where_you_were_born,_but_what_you_are_doing_and_how_you_do_it_in_your_life.eq\a\vs4\al([單元檢測(cè)·高考提能])Ⅰ.閱讀理解AOnedayThomasAlvaEdisonwasgivenaletterbyhisteacher.Histeacheraskedhimtogiveittohismother.Edisonthoughtitwassomethingnice.Afterhereturnedhome,heproudlygaveittohismother,saying“Myteacherletmegivethislettertoyou.”Notknowingwhatitwas,Edison'smotheropenedit,andthenhereyesopenedwide.Withtearsinhereyes,shelookedathersonandreadouttheletteraloud,“Yourchildisagenius.Thisschoolistoosmallforhimanddoesn'thaveenoughgoodteacherstotrainhim.Pleaseteachhimyourself.”ThefactwasthatEdisonlikedaskingstrangequestionsinclass.Histeachersthoughthewasmentallyill.Theycouldnolongerstandhimanddecidedtostophimfromgoingtoschool.However,Edison'smotherdidn'tgiveuponherson.Shetaughthimathome.ManyyearsafterEdison'smotherdiedandhewasalreadyoneofthegreatestinventors,onedayhewaslookingthroughtheoldfamilythings.Suddenlyhesawapieceoffoldedpaperinthecornerofadrawer.Hetookitandopeneditup.Itread,“Yoursonisaddled(mentallyill).Wewon'tlethimetoschoolanymore.”Edisoncriedforhoursandthenhewroteinhisdiary,“ThomasAlvaEdisonwasanaddledchild,but,byhisheromother,hebeesthegeniusofthecentury.”Havingfaithinthoseweloveisveryimportant.Weshouldhavefaithinthosearoundus.Evenifothershavegivenuponyou,youshouldhavefaithinyourself.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了愛迪生小時(shí)候被學(xué)校開除，但他媽媽沒有責(zé)備他，而是用善意的謊言鼓勵(lì)他，并讓他在家接受教育，最終，愛迪生成為一名偉大的發(fā)明家的故事。1．HowdidEdison'smotherprobablyfeelwhenreadingtheletter?A．Relaxed. B．Sad.C．Proud. D．Calm.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...andthenhereyesopenedwide.Withtearsinhereyes,shelookedathersonandreadouttheletteraloud...”及下文內(nèi)容可知，愛迪生的媽媽讀那封信時(shí)應(yīng)該很難過。2．Intheteachers'opinion,Edison________.A．wasn'thardtotrainB．wasreallyageniusC．wastooclevertoteachD．wasn'tanormalchild解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThefactwasthatEdisonlikedaskingstrangequestionsinclass.Histeachersthoughthewasmentallyill.”可知，愛迪生的老師們認(rèn)為他精神不正常。3．WhatdidEdison'smotherdoafterknowingtheteachers'decision?A．Sheaskedhimtoinventthings.B．Shesenthimtoanotherschool.C．Shelethimgeteducatedathome.D．Sheaskedhimtostudybyhimself.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,Edison'smotherdidn'tgiveuponherson.Shetaughthimathome.”可知，愛迪生的媽媽并沒有放棄他，而是讓他在家接受教育。4．Thepassageismeanttoshowthat________.A．teachersshouldlovetheirstudentsB．parentsknowtheirchildrenthebestC．weshouldhavefaithinothersandourselvesD．mostchildrencanbegeniusesifencouraged解析：選C主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文，尤其是最后一段可知，本文是想告訴我們：要對(duì)別人及自己有信心。BWomenNobelPeacePrizelaureates(獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?arefewerinnumberthanmenwhohavebeenawardedthePrize,eventhoughitmayhavebeenawoman'speaceactivism(行動(dòng)主義)whichinspiredAlfredNobeltocreatetheaward.Inrecentdecades,thepercentageofwomenamongthewinnershasincreased.1．BaronessBerthavonSuttnerAfriendofAlfredNobel,Baronesswasaleaderintheinternationalpeacemovementinthe1890s,andshereceivedsupportfromNobelforherAustrianPeaceSociety.WhenNobeldied,shebequeathed(遺贈(zèng))moneyforfourprizesforscientificachievements,andoneforpeace.In1905,shewasthefirstwomantobeawardedtheNobelPeacePrize.2．JaneAddamsJaneAddams,bestknownasthefounderofHull-House,asettlementhouseinChicago,wasactiveinpeaceeffortsduringWorldWarⅠwiththeInternationalCongressofWomen.JaneAddamsalsohelpedtofoundtheWomen'sInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom.Shewasnominated(提名)numeroustimes,butthePrizewenteachtimetoothersuntil1931.Shewas,bythattime,inpoorhealth,andcouldnottraveltoacceptthePrize.3．MotherTeresaBorninSkopje,MotherTeresafoundedtheMissionariesofCharityinIndiaandfocusedonservingthedying.Shewasskilledatpublicizingherorder'sworkandthusfinancingtheexpansionofitsservices.ShewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1979forherworkinbringinghelptosufferinghumanity.4．WangariMaathaiWangariMaathaifoundedtheGreenBeltmovementinKenyain1977,whichhasplantedmorethan10milliontreestopreventsoilerosion(流失)andprovidefirewoodforcookingfires.WangariMaathaiwasthefirstAfricanwomantobenamedaNobelPeacePrizelaureate,honoredforhercontributiontosustainabledevelopmentandpeace.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章向我們介紹了四位女性諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主。5．Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Womencontributedlesstotheworldthanmen.B．Womenwerenotasactiveas