動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)及變化規(guī)則

動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)及變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)及變化規(guī)則一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法1?，F(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；2。目前的狀態(tài)；3用法1。現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；2。目前的狀態(tài)；3?？陀^真理.構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加-s(-es)，其他人稱和數(shù)用動(dòng)詞原形。否定形式：am/is/are+not；此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don’t,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn’t,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞.把be詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does還原行為動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always，usually，often，sometimes,everyweek(day,year，month…）,onceaweek，onSundays動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則（1）一般直接在詞尾+srunslikes(2）以s,sh,ch,x,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾+esgoespasses（3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要把y變i+esstudy—--studiestry—--tries(4)以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接在后+s staysplays二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：a。表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情.b.表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行.構(gòu)成:主+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞即動(dòng)詞-ing形式)否定形式：主否定形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：把a(bǔ)m/is/are放于句首。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):thesedays，now，atthemoment,look，listen?，F(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則（1）。一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+ing reading（2)。以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要把e去掉+ing live—-—living（3）。以重讀閉音節(jié)的結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再ingrun---running注：重讀閉音節(jié)：輔+元+輔并且元音是單元音（4）。特殊記憶的動(dòng)詞 die-—-dying死lie--—lying躺tie---tying栓系三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)構(gòu)成：主+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。否定形式:若謂語(yǔ)為was\were,或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則直接在其后加not;若謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞，則需要借助did+not,還原動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句若謂語(yǔ)為was\were，或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則直接將其提到主語(yǔ)前；若謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞，則需要借助did,并將其提到主語(yǔ)前，同時(shí)還原動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterdaythismorningthedaybeforeyesterday,in1990，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式(1）一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+edwork—-worked（2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾+dlikedlived與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式(1）一般直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾+edwork—-worked（2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾+dlikedlived（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)的結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)的結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加edstop-—stopped（4)（4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要把y變i+edstudy—--studied不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：a，i—was ar—e —did se—saw —giv—e —got g—went com—came hav—eat-ate take-took runran sin—sang put-put,mak—e d—readwrite-wrotedra—drewdrink-dran，fl—flew ride-rode speak-spokeswee—t—swi—swamsi—sat brin——broughtca—could cu—become-becamebegin—beganfeel-feltfin—forget—t—heardkeep-keptknow-knewlearn—t（learned）leav—leftlet-letlos—lost不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表。A-——A---A型（現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形）動(dòng)詞原形（現(xiàn)在式）過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞mee—metrea—readsleep-sleptspea—spoketak不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表。A-——A---A型（現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞同形）動(dòng)詞原形（現(xiàn)在式）過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞costcostcost花費(fèi)cutcutcut割，切hithithit打letletlet讓put put put放下read read read讀hurt hurt hurt傷。A--—A--B型(現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式同形）beat beat beaten打3.A———B———A型（現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去分詞同形)comecamecome來(lái)becomebecamebecome變r(jià)unranrun跑。A———B-——B型（1）在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。burn burnt burnt燃燒learn learned/learnt learned/learnt學(xué)習(xí)mean meant meant意思hear heard heard聽(tīng)見(jiàn)（2)把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t”構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。Buildbuiltbuilt建筑Lendlentlent借給loselostlost失去sendsentsent送spendspentspent花費(fèi)（3）其他pay paid paid付lay laid laid下蛋say said said說(shuō)ring brought brought帶buy bought bought買(mǎi)think thought thought想sleep slept slept睡keep kept kept保持sweep swept swept掃stand stood stood站understand understood understood明win won won得勝shine shone/shined shone/shined發(fā)光catch caught caught抓住teach taught taught教feel felt felt覺(jué)得fight fought fought戰(zhàn)斗find found found發(fā)現(xiàn)get got got得到hang hanged/hung hanged/hung絞死，掛have had had有hold held held盛，握l(shuí)eave left left離make made made制造meet met met遇見(jiàn)sell sold sold賣(mài)shoot shot shot射擊tell told told告訴smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled嗅，sit sat sat坐dig dug dug挖5.A-——B---C型（現(xiàn)在式、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都不相同）（1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或—en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞.eat ate eaten吃fall fell fallen落下steal stole stolen偷give gave given給freeze froze frozen凍take took taken拿see saw seen看見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式把i變o,過(guò)去分詞去e雙寫(xiě)再加enwrite wrote written寫(xiě)ride rode ridden騎drive drove driven駕駛以ow結(jié)尾過(guò)去式把o變e過(guò)去分詞直接加nthrowblowgrowknowthrewblewgrewknewthrown拋，扔blown吹grown生長(zhǎng)known知道flyflewflown飛drawdrewdrawn拉，繪畫(huà)showshowedshown展示（2）過(guò)去式加-n或—en構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞.speakspokespoken說(shuō)話breakbrokebroken破碎，折斷wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒choosechosechosen選擇forgetforgotforgotten忘記（3）變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a"(過(guò)去式)和“u”（過(guò)去分詞）。Begin began begun開(kāi)始ring