高考英語精準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義選修七M(jìn)odule5EthnicCulture

[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．minorityn．少數(shù)民族2.propertyn．財(cái)產(chǎn)3．rigidadj.僵硬的；不動的4.inheritv.繼承5．a(chǎn)wkwardadj.尷尬的，為難的6.waistn.腰，腰部(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．nativeadj.出生地的2.runv.控制；管理3．fastenv.系牢，縛緊4.looseadj.稀松的，疏松的5．farmv.種植；養(yǎng)殖6.tooln.工具(三)拓展詞匯靈活用1.adjustv．適應(yīng)，使適應(yīng)；調(diào)節(jié)→adjustmentn．適應(yīng)，調(diào)整*2.customn．風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)→customern．顧客→Customsn．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅*3.minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)→minoradj.較小的；次要的→(反義詞)majorityn．多數(shù)*4.diverseadj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversityn．多樣性；多元化*5.variedadj.各種各樣的；形形色色的→varyv．改變；不同→variousadj.各種各樣的；種種的→varietyn．不同種類；品種6.apparentlyadv.看起來；顯然→apparentadj.顯然的；明顯的7.foolishadj.愚蠢的，傻的→fooln．傻子v.欺騙8.foldv．折疊，對折→unfoldv．展開*9.furnishv．為(房屋或房間)配備家具→furnituren．家具10.gatherern．采集者→gatherv．采集用上面標(biāo)注*的單詞的正確形式填空1．Theyoungcoupledidn'thavemuchmoneytobuynewfurniture,_becausetheyhadspenttoomuchinfurnishingtheirhouse.(furnish)2．Thereare55minoritiesinourcountryandtherearesomeminordifferencesbetweenthem.(minority)3．Theweathervariesfromdaytoday;asaresult,peoplewearvariousclothes.Avarietyofgermsspreadintheair,andmanypeoplebeeill.(vary)4．TheUSAisalandofdiversity;_whentravellingthereyou'llexperiencediverseculturesandcustoms.(diverse)5．Ifacustomerwantstobringthegoodshebuysabroadbacktoinand,hehastopaysomecustomswhenhepassesthroughtheCustoms.(custom)[話題單詞積累]1．celebration/selI'breI?(?)n/n．慶祝(會)2．feast/fi?st/n.盛宴，宴會3．get-together/'ɡett??ɡee?/n.聚會4．treat/tri?t/vt.&vi.招待；款待5．decorate/'dek?reIt/vt.裝飾，修飾6．decoration/dek?'reI?(?)n/n.裝飾品7．lantern/'l?nt?n/n.燈籠；提燈8．firework/'faI?w??k/n.焰火；(pl.)煙火9．firecracker/'faI?kr?k?/n.鞭炮10．flame/fleIm/n.火焰，光輝11．balloon/b?'lu?n/n.氣球12．candle/'k?nd(?)l/n.蠟燭13．heritage/'herItId?/n.遺產(chǎn)14．symbol/'sImb(?)l/n.象征，標(biāo)志15．happiness/'h?pin?s/n.幸福，快樂16．economy/I'k?n?mI/n.經(jīng)濟(jì)17．occasion/?'keI?(?)n/n.場合18．formal/'f??m(?)l/adj.正式的19．informal/In'f??m(?)l/adj.非正式的20．casual/'k??j??l/adj.隨意的21．a(chǎn)gricultural/?ɡrI'k?lt??r?l/adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的22．main/meIn/adj.主要的23．traditional/tr?'dI?(?)n(?)l/adj.傳統(tǒng)的24．social/'s???(?)l/adj.社會的，社交的25．conversation/k?nv?'seI?(?)n/n.談話26．behave/bI'heIv/vt.守規(guī)矩，行為27．behavior/bI'heIvj?/n.行為，舉止28．celebrate/'selIbreIt/v.慶祝；過節(jié)29．punctual/'p??(k)t???l/adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的30．impolite/Imp?'laIt/adj.不禮貌的[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.in_use在使用*2e_across(偶然)遇見；碰見*3.make_up編造，虛構(gòu)；化妝；組成；和好*4.put_sb.up讓某人留宿，讓某人過夜*5.think_over仔細(xì)考慮6.have_a_population_of有……人口*7.in_the_distance在遠(yuǎn)處*8.set_off出發(fā)，動身，啟程9.pull_out拿出，掏出；慢慢駛出*10.adjust_to適應(yīng)，調(diào)整(二)用上面標(biāo)注*的短語完成下列句子1．Ifwecouldn'tfindaplacetostay,myfriendsaidhewouldputusupforafewnights.2．Whenachildisstudyingabroad,hemustlearntoadjust_tolivingonhisown.3．Everythingwasquiet,apartfromtheoccasionalsoundofacarin_the_distance.4．Dearschoolmates,ayear'splanliesinspring.Inthenewterm,let'sset_offtothenewgoal!5．Seriouslydamagedbytheheavyfloods,thebridgeisnolongerin_use.6．Theteacheraskedhisstudentstomake_upapoemabouttheirchildhood.7．Iwillthink_overyoursuggestion,andletyouknowmydecisioninadayortwo.8．Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame_acrossDavid,whoIhadn'tseenforyears.[話題短語積累]1．beonholiday/leave/vacation在度假2．inmemoryof/inhonorof...為紀(jì)念……3．exchangegifts交換禮物4．dressup打扮；裝扮5．familyreunion家人團(tuán)圓6．celebratethefestival慶祝節(jié)日7．onspecialoccasions在特殊場合8．a(chǎn)displayoffireworks煙火表演9．a(chǎn)ttendaceremony出席儀式10．theopeningceremony開幕式11．culturalexchange文化交流12．culturalbackground文化背景13．culturalshock文化沖擊14．cross-culturalmunication跨文化交流15．multiculturalsociety多元文化社會16．culturaldiversity文化多樣性17．culturalconflict文化沖突18．bodylanguage身勢語19．eyecontact眼神交流20．a(chǎn)facialexpression面部表情21．facetoface面對面22．behavewell/badly舉止良好/不好[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1.“名詞＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語[例句]Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshanMountain,itspeakcoveredwithsnow.[仿寫]所有的票賣完了，我們只好等著看下場演出。Alltheticketssold_out,_wehadtowaitforthenextshow.2.“否定詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)＋so/such...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級意義[例句]TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI'veeverseenanythingelsesobeautifulinmylife.[仿寫]說實(shí)話，我以前從未聽過如此美妙的音樂。Totellyouthetruth,Ihave_never_listened_to_suchbeautifulmusicbefore.3．however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句[例句]Howeverdifferentwemayappeartobeatfirst,weareallthesame,allequal.[仿寫]無論你多么努力地嘗試，在不減少你的食量的情況下很難減肥。However_hard_you_try,_itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.[話題佳句背誦]1．Itiswell-knowntousallthatournationismadeupof56ethnicgroups,eachwithitsuniquetraditionalcustoms,costumesandcultures.眾所周知，我們國家有56個民族，每個民族都有自己的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗、服裝和文化。2．Thepeoplethererelyonfarming,maincropsbeingriceandbeans.那里的人們依靠農(nóng)耕，主要農(nóng)作物是稻米和大豆。3．I'mgladthatyouhavegreatpassiontoknowaboutChinesetraditionalfestivals,especiallytheDragonBoatFestival.Now,I'dliketosharesomedetailswithyou.我很高興你對中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日尤其是端午節(jié)非常感興趣?，F(xiàn)在，我愿意和你分享一些相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。[四背語段語感流暢]TheDaiethnicgrouphasapopulationofaround1.62million,mostofwhomliveinthewestandsouthareasofYunnanProvince.TheyspeaktheDailanguage.TheDaihaveanagriculturaleconomy,theirmaincropsbeingrice.Theirhouse,thebamboobuildinghouse,isdividedintotwofloors.Peopleliveupstairsandanimalsdownstairs.Theirtraditionalclothingisbeautiful.Themenprefershortjackets,longtrousersandwhiteorbluescarveswhilethewomenlikeshortjacketsandstraightskirts.TheDaiaregoodatsinginganddancing,andthepeacockdanceistheirtraditionaldance.TheWater-SplashingFestivalistheirmostimportantfestival,celebratedinApril.Duringthefestival,theDaisplashwateroneachotherandwishoneanotherhappiness.傣族的人口約為162萬，其中大部分居住在云南省西部和南部。他們說傣族語。傣族人以農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)為主，他們的主要農(nóng)作物是水稻。他們的房子屬竹式建筑，分為兩層。人們住在樓上，樓下是動物。他們的傳統(tǒng)服裝很漂亮。男士們喜歡短上衣、長褲子和白色或藍(lán)色的圍巾，而女人喜歡短上衣和直裙。傣族人擅長唱歌和跳舞，孔雀舞是他們的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈。潑水節(jié)是他們最重要的節(jié)日，在四月慶祝。節(jié)日期間，傣族人互相潑水，祝彼此幸福。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．minorityn．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)[高考佳句]So,itmaybeonlyaminorityofyoungpeoplewhoplayclassicalinstruments...(2014·安徽高考)所以，也許只有少部分年輕人演奏古典樂器……(1)a/theminorityof少數(shù)的beinthe/aminority占少數(shù)(2)majorityn.多數(shù)，多半beinthe/amajority占多數(shù)a/themajorityof……的大多數(shù)①ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange,themajorityofthemare(be)reallyfriendlyandI'vemadesomegoodfriends.雖然有些英國人十分古怪，但是大多數(shù)人都很友好，我已經(jīng)結(jié)交了一些好朋友。②Thewhitearein_the/a_majorityinAustraliawhilethenativepeoplearein_the/a_minority.在澳大利亞，白人占多數(shù)而土著人反而占少數(shù)。[名師指津]minority/majority作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；強(qiáng)調(diào)群體中的每一個個體時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．runv．控制；管理，經(jīng)營；跑；開動(機(jī)器等)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；延伸；褪色[教材原句]Forexample,itisthewomenwhorunNaxisociety,anduntilrecently,Naxiwomeninheritedallproperty.例如，管理納西族社會的是婦女，而且近來還是由納西族的婦女來繼承全部財(cái)產(chǎn)。(1)runafter追趕；追逐；追求runawayfrom逃離；躲避runacross偶然遇見runinto遇到；撞上(某人)runout(of)花光，用完；用盡(2)inthelong/shortrun從長期/短期來看①Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunning_out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物供應(yīng)快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立即采取行動。②Atasecond-handstoreIran_acrosstheworksofhisearlyyears.我在一家舊貨店無意中碰到了他早年的作品。③In_the_long_run,_takingexerciseregularlyisgreatlybeneficialtoourhealth.從長期而言，經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉對我們的健康非常有益。3．a(chǎn)djustv．適應(yīng)，使適應(yīng)；調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)[經(jīng)典例句]Aftertheyoungman'sarrivalinBritain,hefoundithardtoadjusthimselftothecultureandeatinghabitsthere.這個年輕人到達(dá)英國后發(fā)現(xiàn)他很難適應(yīng)那里的文化和飲食習(xí)慣。(1)adjustto(doing)sth.適應(yīng)于(做)某事(to為介詞)adjustoneselfto...使自己適應(yīng)/適應(yīng)于……adjust...to...調(diào)整……以適應(yīng)……(2)adjustmentn.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng)makeanadjustmentto...對……進(jìn)行調(diào)整①Youcanadjustthedesksandseatstotheheightofanychild.你可以調(diào)節(jié)桌椅的高度以適應(yīng)任何兒童的身高。②Motherwasworriedaboutwhethershecouldadjusttoliving(live)inthemountainousvillagealone.母親擔(dān)心她能否適應(yīng)獨(dú)自一人生活在那個山村里。③Duetothebadweather,theyhadtomakeanadjustment(adjust)tothetimeofthemeeting.由于天氣不好，他們不得不對會議的時(shí)間做了調(diào)整。4．furnishv．為(房屋或房間)配備家具；提供，供應(yīng)[教材原句]Thetentwasfurnishedwithafewmatsonthefloor,andalowtablewithateapot.帳篷的地板上鋪著幾塊地墊，一張矮桌上放著一把茶壺。(1)furnish...with...用……裝備……；給……提供/供應(yīng)furnish...to/for...為……提供……befurnishedwith...備有……，安裝有……(2)furnituren.家具(不可數(shù)名詞)apiece/anarticleoffurniture一件家具asuitoffurniture一套家具①Wecameintohishouseandfounditwasonlyfurnished_withatable,twochairsandabed.我們進(jìn)入他的房間，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面只布置了一張桌子、兩把椅子和一張床。②Theywerekindenoughtofurnishfoodandshelterfor/totherefugees.他們非常好心地為難民提供食宿。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]與furnish...with...同義的短語還有：equip...with...,fitup...with...等。[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Afterretiringfromthebasketballteam,YaoMinglivesafullandvaried(vary)lifewithhisfamily.2．Afterbeingpaintedandfurnished(furnish),thehousewillbeusedforanursery.3．ThehomeofthelionisAfricawhilethekoalabearisnativetoAustralia.4．Pleasekeepyourbeltfastened(fasten)whileyou'redrivingacar.5．MrAndrewadvisedustodosomereadingeverydaybecauseitwouldbenefitusmuchinthelongrun.6．Thiskindofcameracanbeadjustedtotheheightyouneed.Besides,it'snotexpensiveatall.7．EatingdumplingsduringtheSpringFestivalisoneofthecustoms(custom)inChina.8．Apparently(apparent)everyoneknowsthatglobalwarmingonlymakestheclimatemoreextreme.9．Theareahasapopulationdensity(密度)offivepeoplepersquaremile.10．Onlyaminority(minor)ofthestudentssupportedtheideaofhavingextraclassesintheevening.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Theinteriorofthehousewasfurnishingwithheavy,old-fashionedpiecesoffurniture.furnishing→furnished2．Herantosomanydifficulties,buthenevergaveupandovercamethem.to→into3．Themajorityofthelocalpeoplegetsbenefitfromthemedicalreformwhichtheyareinfavorof.gets→get4．ManyoftheplantsarenativeofBrazil.第二個of→to或native→natives5．Boysareverymuchontheminorityatthedancingclass.on→inⅢ.單句寫作(補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯)1．目前，只有少數(shù)學(xué)生對政治感興趣。(aminorityof)Atpresent,onlya_minority_of_students_are/is_interested_inpolitics.2．我從他那里學(xué)到了許多關(guān)于經(jīng)營樂隊(duì)方面的東西。(runvt.)Ilearnedalotfromhimabouthow_to_run_a_band.3．我昨天在公共圖書館偶然遇見了她。(runacross)Iran_across_herinthepubliclibraryyesterday.4．我將為你的房間配置最好的電腦。(furnish...with...)Iwillfurnish_your_room_with_the_best_puter.5．他一直在尋找一套配有家具的公寓，直至有一天他找到一套現(xiàn)代家具配備齊全的公寓。(furnished,befurnishedwith,furniture)Hehadbeensearchingforafurnished_flat_until_one_day_he_foundone_that_waswellfurnished_with_modern_furniture.6．身體能自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫變化。①Thebodycan_adjust_to_changesintemperature.(adjustto)②Thebodycan_adjust_itself_to_changesintemperature.(adjust...to...)[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．inuse在使用[教材原句]TheNaxilanguageistheonlyhieroglyphiclanguagestillinuseandisover1,000yearsold.納西語是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，(到現(xiàn)在)已有一千多年的歷史了。(1)eintouse/gooutofuse開始使用/不再被使用(表示動作)bein/outofuse在使用/不再使用(表示狀態(tài))make(full/good/thebest)useof(充分)利用put...touse加以使用It'snousedoing...做……沒用(2)useup用完；用光①Some4,000railwaystationshavegoneout_of_usesincethe1960s.自20世紀(jì)60年代以來大約有4000個火車站已經(jīng)廢棄不用。②Theteacherhasbeentrainingustomake_use_of_referencebooks.老師一直在訓(xùn)練我們利用參考書。2．setoff出發(fā)，動身；使開始做；燃放(煙火、鞭炮等)；襯托；使……開動；引起；引發(fā)[高考佳句]Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforetheysetoffontheirlifejourney.(2013·安徽高考單選)依照慣例，為激勵自己，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在開始他們的人生旅程之前會舉行一場畢業(yè)典禮。[一詞多義]寫出下列句中setoff的含義①Havingsaidgoodbyetotheirfriends,theysetoffforhome.出發(fā)，動身②HongKong'sstockmarketfell,settingoffaglobalfinancialcrisis.引起③OnNewYear'sEve,wesetoffmanyfireworks,whichmadethechildrenexcited.燃放(煙花、鞭炮等)④You'dbetterchoosethepinksweaterwhichcansetoffthewhiteofyourskin.襯托setback阻礙；耽擱；延緩setup建立，創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦；安排某事setout出發(fā)，動身；闡述，描述⑤Heset_outthereasonsforhisdecisioninhisreport.在報(bào)告中他陳述了做出這個決定的理由。⑥Therewasalotofworkinvolvedinsetting_upthefestival.籌備節(jié)慶活動要做大量的工作。3．TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI've_ever_seen_anything_else_sobeautifulinmylife.這里的天空碧藍(lán)如洗，我想我一生中從未見過這么美的景色。句中“否定詞＋ever＋so＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級意義。英語中其他可表示最高級意義的結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)完成時(shí)＋never＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋adj./adv.,so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.,such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.))(2)比較級＋than＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋單數(shù)名詞,alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞,anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞))(3)否定詞＋比較級(＋than...)，通常譯為“沒有比……更……；沒有像……一樣……”(4)never/not＋enough/too...“再……也不過分；越……越……”①Ihavenevermetsuchakind-heartedpersonbefore.我以前從未見過這么善良的人。②eq\a\vs4\al(Thebookhasagreatereffectonmethan)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyotherbook.,alltheotherbooks.,anyoftheotherbooks.))這本書對我影響最大。③ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednobodywashappierthanIwas.直到那時(shí)我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。④Howbeautifulshesings!Ihaveneverheardabetter(good)voice.她唱得多好?。∥覐奈绰犨^這么美的歌喉。⑤—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcan_never_be_too_carefulwiththat.——做完飯后我必須關(guān)上煤氣嗎？——當(dāng)然，在用煤氣方面越小心越好。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.短語填空1．use短語填空①Thechurchwasbuiltinthe12thcenturyandisstillin_usetoday.②Doestheburningcandleuse_upsomeairinsidetheglass?③Howlongisitsincetheelectronicputercame_into_use？④Theytriedtheirbesttomake_use_ofthechancethattheirschoolofferedtostudyabroad.⑤She'llbeableto_putherlanguagesto_use_inhernewjob.2．set短語填空①Thebandaresetting_outonaEuropeantourinMarch.②Environmentalexpertssaidthemovewouldset_backfurtherresearch.③Thepoliceset_uproadblocksontheroutesoutofthecity.④Theterroristsset_off_bombsinpublicplaces,leadingtomanydeaths.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯1．ItisthemostbeautifulhousethatIhaveeverseen.→Itismore_beautiful_than_any_of_the_other_housesthatIhaveeverseen.(比較級＋thananyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞)2．Anurseshouldbemostpatienttoapatient.→Anurseisnever_too_patienttoapatient.(nevertoo...)3．Tomisamanmostdevotedtothecause.→Thereisn'tamanmoredevotedtothecausethanTom.(否定詞＋比較級＋than...)4．Hehasspentthemostworryingday.→Hehasnever_spent_a_more_worryingday.(否定詞＋比較級)→Hehasnever_spent_such_a_worryingday.(never...＋sucha/an＋adj.＋n.)5．他比這個班的任何其他同學(xué)都聰明。①Heisclevererthanany_other_studentintheclass.(anyother)②Heisclevererthanany_of_the_other_studentsintheclass.(anyoftheother)③Heisclevererthanall_the_other_studentsintheclass.(alltheother)④Heisclevererthananyone_elseintheclass.(anyoneelse)eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文minority，farm，fish，diverse，custom，apparently，adjustment，firm，foolish，haveapopulationof1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①中國有55個少數(shù)民族，生活在祖國各地，人口大約1億。InChinathereare55minoritieslivingineverycornerofourcountry.Theyhaveapopulationofabout100million.②有些少數(shù)民族以務(wù)農(nóng)為生，有些以捕魚為生。Someminoritieslivebyfarming,_whileotherslivebyfishing.③在長期的發(fā)展過程中，少數(shù)民族形成了各不相同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Inthelong-termdevelopment,theminoritieshavedevelopedtheirowndiversecustoms.④顯然，這些都是他們適應(yīng)環(huán)境的結(jié)果。Apparently,theseresultedfromtheiradjustmentstotheenvironment.⑤現(xiàn)在所有民族和平相處，關(guān)系穩(wěn)固。Nowadays,allpeoplesliveinpeace,andtherelationbetweenthemisfirm.⑥散布民族之間不和諧信息是愚蠢的。Tospreadthedisorderbetweenthepeoplesisfoolish.2．升級平淡句(1)把句①升級為含定語從句的復(fù)合句InChinathereare55minoritieslivingineverycornerofourcountry,whichhaveapopulationofabout100million.(2)用it作形式主語改寫句⑥It_is_foolish_to_spread_the_disorder_between_the_peoples.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：so)InChinathereare55minoritieslivingineverycornerofourcountry,whichhaveapopulationofabout100million.Someminoritieslivebyfarming,whileotherslivebyfishing.Inthelong-termdevelopment,theminoritieshavedevelopedtheirowndiversecustoms.Apparently,theseresultedfromtheiradjustmentstotheenvironment.Nowadays,allpeoplesliveinpeace,andtherelationbetweenthemisfirm.Soitisfoolishtospreadthedisorderbetweenthepeoples.

提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——and連接的并列復(fù)合句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句ThisregioniswheretheNaxiethnicgroupliveandI'vespentseveralafternoonssittinginacaféintheoldsquare,justwatchingpeople.該句是由and連接的并列復(fù)合句。and前面的第一個并列分句里含有where引導(dǎo)的表語從句；and后的第二個并列分句中含有spend...doing結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語justwatchingpeople作狀語。自1992年以來，許多禿鷲被再次放歸野外，如今在加利福尼亞州和周邊的亞利桑那州、猶他州和墨西哥的巴哈的上空翱翔著150多只禿鷲。真題長難句Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.(2016·北京高考閱讀理解C)本句中and連接兩個并列分句，后面的并列分句中使用了現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語?！吧贁?shù)民族文化”是高考?？荚掝}之一。文化是民族的重要特征，是民族生命力、凝聚力和創(chuàng)造力的重要源泉。民族的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語言文字和宗教信仰是在長期的社會歷史發(fā)展中形成的，反映了一個民族的歷史傳統(tǒng)和心理感情。少數(shù)民族文化是中華文化的重要組成部分，是中華民族共有的精神財(cái)富。縱觀歷年高考試題，此話題多在聽力、閱讀理解、完形填空、書面表達(dá)等題型中考查。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2016·四川高考閱讀C)[1]InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“l(fā)awlessness”intheworld.[2]ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazon-rainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.[3]“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears，”saysGin.“I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”[4]“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife，”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”[5]Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.1．WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A．TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B．TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C．Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D．TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.2．GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas________.A．a(chǎn)tourguide B．a(chǎn)geographerC．a(chǎn)filmdirector D．a(chǎn)photographer3．WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedworld“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B．Theself-supportinghunting.C．Theuncivilizedworld.D．TheFrenchRepublic.[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1段第1段畫波浪線部分圭亞那土著居民的生活方式按照事件的發(fā)展順序依次說明第2～4段第2～3段畫波浪線部分一名攝影師通過拍攝的照片讓公眾了解這些土著居民第5段第5段畫波浪線部分土著居民逐漸受到現(xiàn)代的法國生活方式的影響第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[自主翻譯]然而，他們偏遠(yuǎn)的位置意味著法國的法律經(jīng)常被忽略或是不為人所知，因此這使它們變成一個世界上有趣的“無法治”的地區(qū)。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選A根據(jù)第一段“Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.”和“theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown”可知，這些土著人在很大程度上按照他們自己的法律和社會習(xí)俗生活，他們很少遵循法國的法律。B項(xiàng)中把原文中的French替換為Guianese，為“張冠李戴”型錯誤；C、D兩項(xiàng)為“與事實(shí)相反”型錯誤，由原文表述“Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizens...”可知他們屬于法國公民，沒有脫離現(xiàn)代社會。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選D根據(jù)第四段Gin所說的話，特別是句中的“photographic”一詞可知，他是一名攝影師。A、B、C三項(xiàng)為“無中生有”型錯誤。3．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。選D根據(jù)第三段“Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”可知，作者并不認(rèn)為這是一個沒有法律的地方，相反他認(rèn)為這是一個自由的樂土。此處的anareaoffreedom透露出作者對這些土著人的欣賞之情。4．詞義猜測題。選A此處whichbringswithit...意為“隨之帶來的有……”?？芍颂巌t即指前面的“thelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic”。[閱讀理解系列技法29]正確選項(xiàng)的命題方式之一——同義替換同義替換是歷年高考閱讀題的出題者常用的設(shè)置障礙的技巧，需要注意的是，有時(shí)為了增加難度，命題者在保證含義不變的前提下故意將正確選項(xiàng)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)加以改變。如上面第1題正確選項(xiàng)為“TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw”，在原文中的表述為“Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.”，選項(xiàng)用“seldomfollowtheFrenchlaw”替換了原文中的“l(fā)ivelargelybytheirownlaws”。(三)這樣積累1．customn．風(fēng)俗，習(xí)慣，傳統(tǒng)2．remoteadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的3．ignorevt.忽視；不理睬4．explorev.探索；探測；探險(xiǎn)5．a(chǎn)udiencen.觀眾；聽眾；讀者6．a(chǎn)lcoholismn.酗酒7．betrayaln.背叛；辜負(fù)8．inthedepthof在……里面9．infact事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上10．intheory理論上11．thanksto由于，幸虧二、話題與寫作[考題示例](2013·遼寧高考)一個英文網(wǎng)站面向中學(xué)生征稿。請你寫一篇英語稿件，介紹“中秋節(jié)”及這個節(jié)日里的主要活動。寫作要點(diǎn)：1．它是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一；2．家人團(tuán)聚；3．賞月、吃月餅；4．還有旅游、訪友等其他活動。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開頭語已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：中秋節(jié)theMid-AutumnFestival農(nóng)歷lunarcalendar賞月enjoythefullmoon月餅mooncakeTheMid-AutumnFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thoftheeighthmonthofourChineselunarcalendar.[寫作規(guī)范]第一步：寫對詞匯不丟冤枉分1．傳統(tǒng)的traditional2．流行；普及；受歡迎popularity3．無論……；不管……no_matter4．慶祝celebration5．坐在一起sit_together6．范圍廣泛的；各種各樣的a_wide_range_of第二步：列全要點(diǎn)、寫對句子?；痉?．作為中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一的中秋節(jié)在我們國家非常流行。AsoneofthetraditionalChinesefestivals,ithasbeenenjoying_great_popularityinourcountry.2．我們最喜歡在一起賞月。Welove_enjoying_the_full_moontogethermost.3．美麗的月亮高高的掛在天空中。Thebeautifulmoonisup_in_the_sky.4．我們坐在一起吃月餅和水果，分享我們的故事。Wesit_together,_eat_moon_cakes_and_fruit,_and_share_our_stories.5．除了這些傳統(tǒng)活動外，我們有更為廣泛的選擇，如旅游或拜訪我們的親戚或朋友。In_addition_tothesetraditionalactivities,wehavea_wider_range_of_choicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.第三步：句式升級、打造亮點(diǎn)得高分1．用主語從句和定語從句改寫句2What_we_love_most_is_the_time_when_we_enjoy_the_full_moon_together.2．用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和v.-ing形式作狀語合并句3和句4With_the_beautiful_moon_up_in_the_sky,_we_sit_together_and_eat_moon_cakes_and_fruit,_sharing_our_stories.第四步：過渡銜接、潤色成文創(chuàng)滿分TheMid-AutumnFestivalTheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thoftheeighthmonthofourChineselunarcalendar.AsoneofthetraditionalChinesefestivals,ithasbeenenjoyinggreatpopularityinourcountry.Usually,nomatterhowfarawayorhowbusyweare,westilltrytoreturnhomeforthecelebration.Themoonthatnightlooksthebrightestinthewholelunarmonth.Whatwelovemostisthetimewhenweenjoythefullmoontogether.Withthebeautifulmoonupinthesky,wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruit,sharingourstories.Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities,wehaveawiderrangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.[單元檢測·高考提能]Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWearesailingtowardtheSanBlasArchipelago,achainofmorethan360islandsintheCaribbeanSea.“There'saboat！”O(jiān)urdaughterHayleyshoutssuddenly.Threemen,faroutatsea,areinacanoecalledacayuco.Wepullupnearthemandtheyoffertosellusaspinylobster(龍蝦),buttheyhavenotcaughtenoughforeachofus.“Unmomento,porfavor[Onemoment,please]，”themansays.Hedivesoverboard,holdinghisbreath,goesdown40feet,andesbackupwithanotherlobsterinhisbarehands!Webuythelobstersandvisitwiththemen.ThesefishermenaretheKunaIndiansfromtheSanBlasIslands.TheKunaIndianshavemadetheirhomesfamousbecauseoftheireffortstoprotecttheirrainforests,theirindependence,andtheirculture.Formorethan400years,theKunaIndianshavefoughttokeeptheirtraditionalwayoflife.They'veformedtheirownsystemofgovernmentandlaws.They'vekepttheKunalanguage,thoughmanyspeakSpanish,too.Andwhilevisitorsarewele,non-Kunapeoplearenotallowedtoownland.Onceweareontheisland,wevisitthesahila,orchief.ItisanimportantpartofKunacultureforavisitortoreceiveaninvitationandpayafeetothesahilabeforeenteringhisvillage.WewalkaroundthevillageandlookatthewaytheKunapeoplelive.Kunavillagesvaryinsize.Theycanrangefromafewdwellings(住所)tolargevillageswithsomemodernconveniences.HayleyandherbrotherJacksonarebeinghomeschooledwhilewearetravelingonourboat.Partofourhomeschooldayisspentlearningaboutthecountriesandpeoplewevisit.EarliertodaywereadaboutKunafoodsandmoney.TheKunaeatalotoffish,lobstersandcoconuts(椰子).Thecoconutisalsousedformoney.EachcoconuttreehasaKunaowner,sothecoconutscannotbetakenortouched.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了生活在巴拿馬圣布拉斯群島上的庫納印第安人。1．Accordingtothetext,theKunaIndianshavebeentryingtheirbestto________.A．expandtheirlandB．preventstrangersvisitingC．keeptheirtraditionsaliveD．learnmoreabouttheoutsideworld解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段中的“theireffortstoprotecttheirrainforests,theirindependence,andtheirculture”和第七段的“theKunaIndianshavefoughttokeeptheirtraditionalwayoflife”可知，庫納印第安人一直致力于保護(hù)他們的傳統(tǒng)文化。2．Whydoestheauthor'sfamilyvisitthesahila?A．Toaskforhishelp.B．Toshowrespectforhim.C．Toinvitehimtotravelwiththem.D．Togetpermissiontoenterhisvillage.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段的“ItisanimportantpartofKunacultureforavisitortoreceiveaninvitationandpayafeetothesahilabeforeenteringhisvillage.”可知，作者拜訪sahila是為了得到進(jìn)村的許可。3．Themainpurposeofthistextistointroduce________.A．themeaningoftravelingB．thebenefitsofhomeschoolingC．thehistoryoftheSanBlasIslandsD．thenativepeoplelivingontheSanBlasIslands解析：選D寫作意圖題。作者在駛向圣布拉斯群島的路途中偶遇了三個庫納印第安漁夫，從而進(jìn)一步介紹了生活在該群島上的庫納印第安人。BThatwomancarriedanewblanketoverherarm.Wordlessly,shegaveittome.“Isitfinished？”Iasked.Sheshookherhead.“No.Itisready，”shereplied.Ihandedherthemoneyandtooktheblanket.“Itisbeautiful,soskillfullywoven(編織)，”Isaidtomymother.“Butwhatdidshemeanwhenshesaiditwasnotfinished?Howcanitbereadyifitisnotfinished？”“Iwilltellyoulater，”mymothersaid,“butfirstIwilltakeyoutotheNavajovillage.”Wewentdowntothevillage.Agroupofyoungmenweremakingsandpictures.Wewalkedthroughthewholevillage,watchingthedifferentthingsthepeopleweredoing.ItwasnotuntilthateveningthatmymotherfinallyexplainedtheNavajowoman'swords.“Didyounoticeanythingaboutthethingsthepeopleweremaking？”mymotherasked.“WhatshouldIhavenoticed？”Ilookedatherandasked.“EachthingtheNavajomakehasonesmallpartthatisnotplete.Thedesignsintheirsandpicturesareoftennotperfectlydone,forexample—thelineofacirclemaynotquiteclose.Ifyoulookcarefullyatyourblanket,youwillprobablyfindastitch(一針)missing.”Itookthe