2024北京海淀高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷（含參考答案）

2024北京海淀高三一模英語(yǔ)試卷（含參考答案）2024北京海淀高三一模本試卷共10頁(yè)，100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Itwas4:30pm.AsIwaspackingup,Inoticedmycolleaguehadlefthislaptopbagintheoffice.SoIdecidedtobringittohim.Ittookmeabout15minutestogettohishouse,whereI__1__thebagandgotrightbackontheroad.

SuddenlyasnowstormcameandwithinminutesIwasinawhiteout.IstoppedbecauseIwasafraidofdrivingintoafarmer'sfield,orworse.Ikeptthecar__2__tostaywarmandcalled911.Theytoldmetosittightandwaitthingsoutforthenight.

Thosesecondsafterthecallwere__3__.Breathe,Itoldmyself.Panickingwon'thelp.

Itextedmycolleague,jokingaboutmygooddeedendingin__4__.HesuggestedIshareasatelliteviewofmy__5__onmysocialmedia.AndIdidso,prayingthatanyonewhoknewtheresidentsofthenearbyfarmscouldgetmerescued.

Waitinginthecar,Idoubtedwhether__6__wouldbeabletocome.Soonenough,though,Igotamessagefromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwiththem.

At8pm,Isawatallfigureinayellowraincoatstridingtowardmeinthedark,carryingaflashlight.I’dneverbeenmore__7__toseesomeoneinmylife.ItwasAndréBouvier,who'dwalkedabout550yardstocomegetme,fightingthewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.

Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow,sureofthedirection.Idrovebehindhim,feelingmyheartbegintobeatmore__8__.Whenwereachedhishouse,Iburstintotears,allmyfearsturningintoreliefand__9__.

Theexperiencehasbeenagamechangerforme.Inow__10__challengeswithasenseofcalmI’dnotknownbefore.Butbestofall,itbroughtAndréintomylife.1.A.droppedoff

B.filledup

C.setaside

D.putaway2.A.locked

B.parked

C.signaling

D.running3.A.painful

B.critical

C.disappointing

D.impressive4.A.failure

B.smoke

C.disaster

D.mystery5.A.route

B.location

C.direction

D.destination6.A.news B.help

C.hope

D.faith7.A.satisfiedB.surprised

C.relieved

D.worried8.A.slowly

B.excitedly

C.nervously

D.strongly9.A.recognition

B.admiration

C.satisfaction

D.appreciation10.A.identify

B.present

C.approach

D.anticipate第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A

Aparent'snightmareturnedtoreliefinFloridaaspolicemenswiftlyrescuedamissingfive-year-oldgirlwithautism.Thelocalpolicelaunchedadesperatesearch,__11__(use)airandgroundefforts.Thermalimaging(熱成像)__12__(lead)tothediscoveryofherinaswampyarea.Abody-worncameracapturedtheheroicmomentofherrescue.__13__policemen'squickresponse,shewasfoundunharmed.Thepublicpraisedtheteam’sefficiencyinturning__14__couldhavebeenatragedyintoaheartwarmingreunion.B

Li-ionbatteriesstorealotofenergyinasmallamountofspace.Whenthatenergyisreleasedinanuncontrolledmanner,itgeneratesheat,__15__cantransformcertaininternalbatterycomponentsintoburnablegases.Consumersshouldpurchasebatteriesthatareonlylistedbyanationally__16__(recognize)testinglaboratoryandstopusingthedeviceifthebatteryshowssignsofdamage,suchasanunusualsmell,excessiveheat,poppingsoundsorchangeincolor.Amongalltheplacestochargethesedevices,__17__(safe)oneisoutdoorsawayfromanystructureandnotindirectsunlight.C

Forbrandstosucceed,theymustgraspandadapttoevolvingconsumertaste.Overthepastdecade,China__18__(witness)ashiftinconsumerbehaviormarkedbytheriseofguochao,atrendemphasizingnationalisticbranding.Chineseconsumersdisplayedastrong__19__(prefer)forlocally-madeproducts.Therefore,it'scrucialforbrandstogenuinelycomprehendandhonorlocalcustoms,traditions,andvalues.WhileintegratingChineseelementsintomarketingstrategiescanbeeffective,itshouldbehandledthoughtfully__20__(avoid)culturalinsensitivity.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A

Withallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewordsandexpressions.FatIsGood

Itdoesn'tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestiontoaskisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,thenitissaturated(飽和的)fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyourriskofdyingearly.NaturalSugarIsBetter

Thevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose（蔗糖）.Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithandismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.High-pHWater

Somepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali（堿）foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingweeatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.ItisthenneutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.Don’tEatAnythingThatYouCan'tPronounce

Whetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan'tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertastefoundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.Don'tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）

Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespicepowderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfiveingredients?21.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat______.A.canbefoundinfishandplants

B.comesfromland-basedanimalsC.remainssolidatroomtemperature

D.canlowerthedeathrateofelders22.Thepassagesuggeststhat________.A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourbloodB.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucroseC.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthyD.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices.B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders.D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.B

AtmyfirstlessoninChinesecalligraphy,myteachertoldmeplainly:“NowIwillteachyouhowtowriteyourname.Andtomakeitbeautiful.”Ifeltmybreathcatch.Iwascurious.

GrowingupinSingapore,IhadanunusualrelationshipwithmyChinesename.MyparentsareethnicallyChinese,sotheyaskedfortunetellerstodecidemyname,aimingformaximumluck.Asaresult,Iendedupwithanonsenseandembarrassingname:ChenYiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley（薏米）”and“warm”.

WhenIarrivedinAmericaforcollegeat18,IputonanAmericanaccentandabandonedmyChinesename.WhenImovedtoHongKongin2021,after14yearsintheStates,Idecidedtolearncalligraphy.Whynotgetbackintouchwithmyheritage?Ithought.

Incalligraphy,theideaistocopytheoldmasters’techniques,therebyrefiningyourown.Everyweek,though,myteacherwouldgiveuncomfortablyon-the-noseassessmentsofmyperson.“Youneedtobebraver,”heonceobserved.“Haveconfidence.Trytoproduceaboldstroke（筆畫）.”Foryears,Ihadpridedmyselfonpresentinganimageofconfidence,butmywritingbetrayedme.

Iwastryingtomakesenseofthispractice.Youmustvisualizethewordasitistobewrittenandleaveatraceofyourselfinit.Asabodilypractice,calligraphycouldgobeyonditsownculturalrestrictions.Couldithelpmegobeyondmine?Myteacheroncesaidtome,“Whenyoulookattheword,youseethebody.Thoughawordonthepageistwo-dimensional,itcontainsmultitudes,conveyingtheforceyou'veapplied,theenergyofyourgrip,thearchofyourspine.”Ihadbeenlearningcalligraphytogetintouchwithmyculturalroots,butwhatIwasreallyseekingwasareturntomyself.NowIhavesensedthatthepleasureoutofcalligraphyallowsmetoknowmyselfmorefully.

Duringarecentlesson,myteacherpointedatthewordIhadjustfinished,tellingme:“Thiswordismuchbetter.Icanseethechoicesyoumade,yourcalculations,yourflow.Trustyourself.Thiswordisyours.”Hemightaswellhavesaid,“Thiswordisyou.”24.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallythinkofhername“ChenYiwen”？A.Itwasluckysoshegladlyacceptedit.B.Shefeltproudofitssymbolicmeaning.C.Sheunderstoodtheintentionbutstilldislikedit.D.Itsstrangepronunciationmadeherembarrassed.25.Theauthordecidedtolearncalligraphyto________.A.pickupanewhobby

B.reconnectwithheroriginC.gaininsightsintoanewculture

D.fitinwithlocalcommunity26.Fromtheteacher’swords,theauthorlearnsthatcalligraphy_________A.reflectsthecreator’sspirits

B.comesfromcreativeenergyC.highlightsthedesignofstrokes

D.dependsoncontinuouspractice27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Appreciatewhatourcultureoffers.

B.Findbeautyfromyourinnerself.C.Agreatteacherleadsyoutotruth.

D.Wearethesumofwhatwecreate.C

Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語(yǔ)癥）togettheirvoiceback—andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycanbedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.

Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作），usingelectrodes（電極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivityrelatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfromUCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto”thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.

Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（AI）modeltodecodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothesongwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodelalsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthesong.

Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheirresultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.LudovicBellier,thestudy'sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessoflanguage,hassmallmelodicdifferences—tempo,stress,accents,andintonation—knownasprosody（韻律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthatwecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces（BCI）,assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.Thistechnology,stillinitsinfancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.

Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshaveheardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosodyandemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.

Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands—orbrains—ofpatients.Thecurrentmodelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalowerspeedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingtheelectrodesclosertogetheronthebrain’ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphonythebrainproduces.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.29.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?A.Theprosodyofspeech.

B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.C.Theemotionalweightofmusic.D.Thereconstructionofinformation.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMind

B.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeechC.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasia

D.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAID

“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.

TounderstandthecontextforNosek'sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.

Butmethodologicalreformhasn'tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife'sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.

WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,

instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticpresumablyshares.

Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it'seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.

Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek'ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we'reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.

Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis（假說(shuō)）：thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon'tknowifthat'strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit'swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.31.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Reformerstendtodevalueresearchers’work.B.Scientistsareunwillingtoexpresskindcriticisms.C.Peopleholdwrongassumptionsaboutthecultureofscience.D.Thescientificcommunityshouldpracticecriticalself-reflection.32.Thestrategyof“assumingyouarewrong”maycontributeto__________.A.theenormouseffortsofscientistsatworkB.thereliabilityofpotentialresearchresultsC.thepublic’spassionforscientificfindingsD.theimprovementinthequalityofevidence33.Theunderlinedword“demoralizing”inParagraph5means_____________.A.discouraging

B.ineffective

C.unfair

D.misleading34.Thetonetheauthorusesintalkingabouttheuntestedhypothesisis______.A.doubtfulbutsincere B.disapprovingbutsoftC.authoritativeanddirect

D.reflectiveandhumorous第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whenyougetinacar,youexpectitwillhavefunctioningbrakes.Whenyoupickupmedicineatthedrugstore,youexpectitwon'tbepolluted.Butitwasn'talwayslikethis.Thesafetyoftheseproductswasterriblewhentheyfirstcametomarket.Ittookmuchresearchandregulationtofigureouthowuserscanenjoythebenefitsoftheseproductswithoutgettingharmed.__35__

Socialmediarisksareeverywhere.Thedangersthatalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeattentionrepresenttoteenshavebecomeimpossibletoignore.Otherproductdesignelements,oftencalled“darkpatterns,”designedtokeeppeopleusingforlonger,alsoappeartotipyoungusersintosocialmediaoveruse.__36__Theysayit'stheirusers'faultforengagingwithharmfulcontentinthefirstplace,evenifthoseusersarechildrenorthecontentisfinancialtrickery.Theyalsoclaimtobedefendingfreespeech.

__37__UndertheDigitalServicesAct,whichcameintoeffectinEuropethisyear,platformsarerequiredtotakeactiontostopthespreadofillegalcontentandcanbefinedupto6percentoftheirglobalincomesiftheydon'tdoso.Ifthislawisenforced,maintainingthesafetyoftheiralgorithmsandnetworkswillbethemostfinanciallysounddecisionforplatformstomake.

Despitetheseefforts,twothingsareclear.First,onlinesafetyproblemsareleadingtoreal,offlinesuffering.Second,socialmediacompaniescan't,orwon't,solvethesesafetyproblemsontheirown.__38__Evensafetyissueslikecyberbullyingthatwethoughtweresolvedcanpoprightbackup.Asoursocietymovesonlinetoanever-greaterdegree,theideathatanyone,eventeens,canjust“stayoffsocialmedia”becomeslessandlessrealistic.__39__A.Andthoseproblemsaren'tgoingaway.B.Thecurrentissuesaren'treallyaboutofflinesuffering.C.Platformsalreadyhavesystemstoremoveviolentorharmfulcontent.D.Similarly,socialmedianeedsproductsafetystandardstokeepuserssafe.E.It'stimeweshouldrequiresocialmediatotakesafetyseriously,foreveryone'ssake.F.Internetplatforms,however,haveshiftedblameontheconsumerswhenevercriticized.G.Someauthoritiesaretakingstepstoholdsocialmediaplatformsaccountableforthecontent.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。

Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums（魚缸）athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.

David’sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrolewastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Likemothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthislight.I'dthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.

ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuchstrangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn'tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasinfrontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.

Thebiggestsurprisewashisimageofababyflounder.Icaughtthisfishbyaccident.OnlylaterdidInoticeitstwotinyeyeballsstaringbackatme.ButDavid'sphotographofthisflounderrevealedauniverseofdetailthatevenmyeagereyeshadmissed.Hismacrolensmagnifieditsribs.Thelightning-fastexposurefrozeitsmotion.Apreciselyaimedlightreleasedtherainbow

hiddeninitsskin.Andtheblackbackgroundremovedalldistractionstofocusourattentiononthequietbeautyathand.

Yearsafterthatproject,Iwassnorkeling（潛水）onashallowreef.Outofthedarkness,anotherbabyflounderemergedandsettledonmymask.ThistimeIknewwhattolookfor.BeforeworkingforDavid,Ihadassumedthegoalofphotographywassimplytoreproduceanobservationsothatotherscouldsharethesameexperience.Ithadneveroccurredtomethatphotographycouldexpandourvisualperceptionandthereforeteachustoseetheworldanew.40.Whatwastheauthor'sresponsibilityinDavid’sassignment?41.WhywasDavid'simageofababyflounderthebiggestsurprisetotheauthor?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Encounteringababyflounderwhilesnorkelingdeepenedtheauthor’sunderstandingthatphotographycouldreproduceanobservation.43.Whatcanhelpyouseetheworldanew?（Inabout40words）第二節(jié)（20分）

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。六月十四日是世界獻(xiàn)血者日（WorldBloodDonorDay），你在京學(xué)習(xí)的英國(guó)好友Jim決定當(dāng)天去獻(xiàn)血，并詢問(wèn)你的意愿。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回復(fù)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.你的答復(fù)及理由；2.提醒注意事項(xiàng)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。9April2024DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________