中考英語人教版語法專項復習 專題二 動詞和動詞短語

中考英語人教版專項復習專題二動詞和動詞短語目錄01.解析02.模擬考題01解析圖解語法考點1

動詞實義動詞

實義動詞也叫行為動詞，有實在意義，能獨立作謂語。按其句法功能可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞；按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。1.及物動詞

及物動詞本身意義不完整，需接賓語才能使其意思表達完整。及物動詞常用于以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中：（1）主語+及物動詞+賓語I

often

play

soccer.

我經(jīng)常踢足球。（2）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語They

consider

him

the

best

writer.

他們認為他是最優(yōu)秀的作家。

（3）主語+及物動詞+賓語+不定式Mr.

Li

encouraged

me

to

study

hard.

李老師鼓勵我努力學習。（4）主語+及物動詞+疑問代詞/疑問副詞+不定式I

don't

know

where

to

go.

我不知道要去哪里。（5）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語He

wanted

to

buy

himself

a

new

pair

of

shoes.

他想給自己買雙新鞋。2.不及物動詞

不及物動詞本身意義完整，無須接賓語，構(gòu)成"主語+謂語"的句型，若要跟賓語，其后必須加上相應的介詞，構(gòu)成"主語+謂語+介詞+賓語"的句型。如：We

should

listen

to

the

teacher

carefully.

我們應該認真聽老師講課。【注意】有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，如：begin,

learn,

read,

improve,

study等。延續(xù)性動詞&非延續(xù)性動詞（1）延續(xù)性動詞也叫持續(xù)性動詞，表示動作是可以持續(xù)的，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：work,

live,

keep,

study,

sleep,

rain,

lie,

know,

read等。You

can

keep

the

dictionary

for

three

weeks.

這本字典你可以借三周。（2）非延續(xù)性動詞也叫短暫性動詞，表示瞬間動作，一般不和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：come,

go,

begin,

close,

die,

borrow,

stop,

leave等。He

left

his

hometown

ten

years

ago.

十年前他離開了家鄉(xiāng)。系動詞

系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，其后必須接表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。具體分類如下：類別功能例詞狀態(tài)系動詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)be感官系動詞表示人體感官的系動詞feel［2015.35］,

smell［2014.36］,

taste,

sound,

look表象系動詞表示看起來/似乎處于某種狀態(tài)appear,

seem變化系動詞表示主語由一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)go,

get,

turn,

grow,

become持續(xù)系動詞表示主語持續(xù)或保持某種身份或狀態(tài)keep,stay,remain,助動詞

英語中的助動詞有be

（am,

is,

are,

was,

were）,

do

（does,

did）,

have

（has,

had）,

shall,

will,

should,

would等。助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完整，不可單獨作謂語，只能和它后面的動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)，還可構(gòu)成否定、疑問或強調(diào)的句型。情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的含義，表示說話人的情感和態(tài)度，不可單獨作謂語，必須和其他動詞連用構(gòu)成謂語。

情態(tài)動詞的特點：（1）其后接動詞原形；（2）無人稱和數(shù)的變化（have

to除外，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時用has

to）；（3）具有助動詞的作用，可構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡略答語。1.can和could的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例can［2018.38;

2014.35］表示能力，意為"能，會"Can

he

swim？他會游泳嗎？表示請求、許可，意為"可以"Can

I

take

the

book

home?我能把這本書帶回家嗎？表示推測，意為"可能"，常用于否定句和疑問句This

pair

of

shoes

can't

be

Helen's.這雙鞋不可能是海倫的。情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例couldcan的過去式，表示能力，意為"能，會"He

could

skate

at

the

age

of

six.他六歲時就會溜冰了。用于疑問句，表示委婉的請求，語氣比can更委婉Could

you

lend

it

to

me?

你能把它借給我嗎？表示不大的可能性It

could

rain

today.

今天可能會下雨。續(xù)表2.may和might的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例may［2017.39;2015.44］表示請求、許可，意為"可以"You

may

leave

now.現(xiàn)在你可以離開了。表示可能性較小的推測，意為"也許"，常用于肯定句This

schoolbag

may

be

Lucy's.

She

likes

pink

best.這個書包可能是露西的。她最喜歡粉色。用于祈使句，表示祝福和愿望May

you

return

soon!

愿你早日歸來！情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例might表示請求、許可，意為"可以"，語氣比may更委婉Might

I

use

it?

我可以用一下它嗎？表示推測，意為"可能"，可能性低于mayHe

is

absent

today.

He

might

be

sick.

他今天沒來。他可能是生病了。may的過去式，意為"可能"She

was

worried

that

we

might

get

hurt.

她擔心我們可能會受到傷害。續(xù)表3.must,

have

to和need的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例must表示義務(wù)和必要，意為"必須"；強調(diào)主觀意愿We

must

study

hard.

我們必須努力學習。表示推測，意為"一定，肯定"，用于肯定句You

must

be

tired

after

such

a

long

journey.

在這么長的旅程之后你一定累了吧。情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例have

to意為"必須，不得不"，用于強調(diào)客觀需要，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化He

had

to

work

hard

to

do

things

that

were

easy

for

others.那些別人做起來輕松的事情，他都要費力地去做。［2020安徽中考］

續(xù)表情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例need［2019.39］用于陳述句和疑問句，意為"需要"Need

I

leave

now?

需要我現(xiàn)在離開嗎？用于否定句，needn't意為"不必"You

needn't

worry

about

Jim.

你不必擔心吉姆。續(xù)表4.should和had

better的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例should意為"應該"，表示責任、義務(wù)、勸告或建議；否定形式為shouldn't，意為"不應該"You

should

get

up

early

to

catch

the

school

bus.

你應該早點起床趕校車。had

better意為"最好"，表示建議；否定形式為had

better

not，意為"最好不要"You'd

better

stay

at

home

when

it

rains

hard.下大雨的時候你最好待在家里。5.shall,

will和would的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例shall在疑問句中同I和we連用，表示提出或征求意見Shall

we

go

out

and

play?

我們出去玩，好嗎？will表示詢問、請求，也可表達現(xiàn)在的意愿Will

you

help

me？你會幫我嗎？We

will

help

you.

我們會幫你。would表示過去的意愿或委婉的詢問，比will更委婉Would

you

go

with

me？你會和我一起去嗎？6.can't和mustn't的用法情態(tài)動詞含義及用法示例can't［2016.37］意為"不可能"，表示否定推測That

girl

can't

be

Jenny.

那個女孩不可能是珍妮。意為"不能，不會"I

can't

tell

you

the

exact

time.

我不能告訴你確切的時間。mustn't意為"禁止，不準"，不可用來表示推測You

mustn't

play

in

the

street.

你不能在街道上玩耍。（1）由"Must

I..."引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

must."；否定回答用"No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to."。如：—Must

I

finish

the

report

tonight?我必須今晚完成這篇報告嗎？—No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to.

You

can

bring

it

next

Monday.不，你不必。下周一帶來就行。（2）由"May

I..."引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

may."或"Yes,

please./Certainly./..."；否定回答用"No,

you

can't/mustn't."或"I'm

afraid

not..."。如：—May

I

take

photos

here?我能在這里拍照嗎？—No,

you

can't/mustn't.

Look

at

the

sign

there.不，你不可以拍照。看下那邊的標牌?？键c2

動詞短語?？嫉膭釉~短語類型1.動詞+介詞dream

of夢想

laugh

at嘲笑think

about考慮

depend

on依靠get

to到達

listen

to聽be

against反對

count

on指望be

for

支持

wait

for等待arrive

in/at到達

agree

with贊成2.動詞+副詞pull

together同心協(xié)力

put

off推遲work

out計劃；解決［2023.27］

set

out

出發(fā)look

out當心

stay

up熬夜turn

off關(guān)閉［2023.38］

grow

up長大set

up安裝好；建立［2021.40］pick

up撿起；（開車）接某人［2019.41;2018.5］續(xù)表3.動詞+名詞make

mistakes犯錯誤

take

photos照相l(xiāng)ose

heart喪失信心

make

progress取得進步take

chances碰運氣

take

care當心take

place發(fā)生

make

sense有道理4.動詞+名詞+介詞make

fun

of取笑

pay

attention

to注意take

care

of照顧

make

use

of利用take

pride

in為……感到自豪續(xù)表5.動詞+副詞+介詞catch

up

with趕上

come

up

with提出get

along

with與……相處融洽look

forward

to期望

date

back

to追溯到live

up

to不辜負（期望）

look

down

on看不起run

out

of

用完6.動詞+介詞+名詞go

to

school去上學

go

to

bed去睡覺keep

in

mind記住

come

to

life突然開始運作續(xù)表?？嫉膭釉~短語1.come短語come

across（偶然）遇見，發(fā)現(xiàn)come

out出版，發(fā)行；出來come

along出現(xiàn)；跟隨；進展come

over來訪，拜訪

come

on加油；快點come

true

（夢想等）實現(xiàn)

come

back回來；恢復2.fall短語fall

over被……絆倒，倒下；摔倒fall

off脫落；下降；從……跌落［2022.33］fall

behind落后于fall

down倒塌；跌倒

fall

asleep入睡fall

in

love

with愛上續(xù)表3.get短語get

up站起；起身；起床［2023.44］get

over從……中恢復；克服［2019.64］get

on進展；上（車、船等）

get

together相聚get

off下（車、船等）；下班；（使）離開；（使）動身get

ready

for為……作準備續(xù)表4.give短語give

up放棄［2019.49］

give

away捐贈give

off發(fā)出（光、熱等）

give

out分發(fā)give

in屈服；讓步續(xù)表5.go短語go

off

（警報器等）突發(fā)巨響，停止運作go

on繼續(xù)

go

away離開go

by從旁邊經(jīng)過；時間流逝

go

over仔細檢查go

up上升；增長

go

after追求；追趕go

out出去；熄滅

go

down下降；倒下續(xù)表6.have短語have

a

look看一看

have

a

cold感冒have

a

rest休息have

confidence

in對……有信心have

an

interest

in對……感興趣續(xù)表7.keep短語keep

off使不接近；回避keep

in

touch

with和……保持聯(lián)系keep

away

from遠離

keep

up

with趕上keep

on繼續(xù)［2018.53］

keep

out防止進入續(xù)表8.look短語look

at看

look

for尋找look

up查閱；向上看

look

around環(huán)顧look

back回顧

look

after照顧look

through瀏覽

look

over查看，檢查續(xù)表9.make短語make

up組成；化妝；編造［2022.44］make

a

decision作出決定make

the

bed鋪床make

a

difference有作用；有影響make

a

promise作出承諾make

friends

with和……交朋友續(xù)表10.put短語put

up張貼；搭建put

away把……收起來［2020.30］put

on穿上

put

down寫下；放下put

back放回（原處）put

out熄滅續(xù)表11.take短語take

off脫掉，起飛

take

out取出，拿出take

up占據(jù)；學著做；開始做［2021.26］take

in吸收；吸入；吞入take

down拆除；往下拽；記下，記錄take

away拿走，帶走；解除；消除take

after

（長相、舉止或性格）像take

on呈現(xiàn)，具有（特征、外觀等）［2018.37］take

over接收，接管（企業(yè)、公司等）take

back退回；收回，撤回（說過的話）續(xù)表12.think短語think

of想起；記得

think

up想出think

out認真考慮

think

back回想起think

over仔細考慮；慎重思考think

through充分考慮；全盤考慮；想透13.turn短語turn

on打開

turn

up調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)turn

out結(jié)果是

turn

to

求助于turn

down調(diào)低；拒絕續(xù)表語境小測Ⅰ.單項填空1.—Kelly,

this

is

Steve.—Yes,

I

know.

We've

already

___

ourselves.CA.offered

B.turned

C.introduced

D.learned2.Don't

simply

___

the

crowd.

Being

yourself

is

the

best

rule.CA.satisfy

B.change

C.follow

D.control3.—Dinner

is

ready.

Help

yourself,

please.—Wow!

The

soup

and

the

meat

___

really

great.AA.taste

B.sound

C.turn

D.get4.[2017安徽中考]

—Mum,

I've

signed

for

the

box.

What's

in

it?—I'm

not

sure.

It

___

be

a

present

from

your

uncle.CA.need

B.must

C.may

D.will5.—I'm

crazy

about

Chinese

culture

and

I've

travelled

to

China

many

times.—No

wonder

that

you

___

speak

Chinese

so

well.DA.must

B.need

C.should

D.can6.[2023黃山一模]

It

is

a

good

habit

to___

all

your

things

in

correct

places.AA.put

away

B.put

up

C.put

out

D.put

off7.[2023泰州中考]

Most

neighbours

___

the

habit

of

square

dancing

to

create

a

quieter

environment

for

us.DA.get

into

B.care

about

C.carry

on

D.give

up8.[2023自貢中考改編]

—Ms.

White,

I

am

sad

that

I

didn't

pass

the

test.—Keep

trying.

Success

___

hard

work.AA.depends

on

B.gives

away

C.leads

to

D.picks

upⅡ.單詞拼寫1.I

knew

that

boy

wasn't

Jim.

Jim

never

w____（佩戴）

glasses

before.ore2.Smiling

is

the

best

way

to

f____

（面對）

every

problem.ace3.These

grapes

were

p______（摘）

from

the

garden

just

now.icked4.On

the

top

of

the

mountain

can

you

see

the

sun

r_________（上升）

clearly.ise/rising5.Mary

has

o

_______（提出）

some

useful

advice

about

this

project.ffered語篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。left

decided

help

felt

work

could

askedthinking

buy

did

Last

March

I

lost

the

camera

that

my

parents

bought

for

me.

I

1._____

it

on

the

bus.

I

called

the

bus

company

to

check

if

they

2.______

find

it,

but

it

wasn't

there.

I

was

really

sad.

Then

I

3.________

to

get

a

new

one

by

myself.

I

started

4._________

of

ways

to

make

and

save

money.

My

parents

usually

leftcoulddecidedthinkinggive

me

￡8

every

week,

so

the

first

thing

I

5._____

was

to

keep

the

money

in

my

piggy

bank.

I

also

offered

to

6._____

my

uncle

look

after

his

dog

when

he

was

away.

After

some

time,

my

uncle's

neighbors

saw

me.

They

7._______

me

if

I

could

help

with

their

cats

and

dogs,

too.

And

I

said

yes.

In

less

than

three

months

I

had

enough

money

to

8._____

a

new

camera.

It

was

the

same

as

the

one

I

had

lost,

but

to

me

it

was

much

nicer.

I

paid

for

it

with

the

money

I

made

and

it

9._____

very

different.

This

experience

teaches

me

what

it

means

to

10.______

hard

and

I

have

learned

that

you

must

be

careful

with

the

things

you

have,

because

they

take

a

lot

of

hard

work.didhelpaskedbuyfeltwork02模擬考題Ⅰ.單項填空★實義動詞和系動詞1.We

should

often

review

our

notes

after

class

to

avoid

___

the

same

mistakes.CA.wasting

B.getting

C.repeating

D.fixing2.—Our

school

will

hold

the

sports

meeting

from

next

Thursday

to

Friday.—Right.

Players

will

___

in

twelve

sports,

including

table

tennis

and

volleyball.DA.advise

B.believe

C.imagine

D.compete3.[2023樂山中考改編]

—How

does

the

apple

juice

___?—Good.

I'd

like

to

have

another

glass.AA.taste

B.smell

C.look

D.sound4.The

cake

___

so

good

that

I

can't

wait

to

have

a

bit

of

it.BA.tastes

B.smells

C.sounds

D.feels5.If

you

can___

what

you

have

and

do

something

to

help

others,

you

will

find

your

life

is

full

of

pleasure.BA.count

B.value

C.regret

D.fix6.Nancy

was

chosen

for

"The

Most

Beautiful

Student"

because

she

is

honest

and

always

___

her

word.BA.breaks

B.keeps

C.supports

D.forgets7.The

real

difference

between

an

excellent

person

and

a

common

person

is

that

the

excellent

person

can

___

his

or

her

time.BA.describe

B.manage

C.accept

D.believe★情態(tài)動詞8.—Are

you

sure

you

are

taking

me

to

the

bank?—Believe

me,

this

___

be

the

wrong

road.DA.needn't

B.shouldn't

C.mustn't

D.can't9.This

ping-pong

ball

___

be

Ted's.

He's

the

only

one

that

can

play

ping-pong.BA.need

B.must

C.cannot

D.shouldn't10.We

___

take

a

taxi.

It's

only

a

few

blocks

away.AA.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't11.—Alex,

come

down

to

play

football.—I

can't.

Mom

said

I

___

clean

my

bedroom

before

doing

anything

else.AA.had

to

B.will

C.used

to

D.can★動詞短語12.Tony

always

gives

his

seat

to

the

old

people

after

they

___

the

bus

or

the

subway.AA.get

on

B.put

on

C.get

off

D.put

off13.Sally,

___

your

sunglasses.

The

sun

is

so

bright.BA.put

up

B.put

on

C.put

away

D.put

down14.Jessica

is

so

helpful

that

she

always

___

our

cat

when

we're

on

holiday.CA.finds

out

B.hears

from

C.looks

after

D.puts

up15.You'd

better

___

the

important

points

your

teacher

said

in

class

and

review

them

carefully

after

class.AA.write

down

B.look

for

C.find

out

D.cut

out16.—Last

night

I

called

you

twice

but

couldn't

___.—I

was

taking

a

walk

with

my

parents

then.BA.go

off

B.get

through

C.call

back

D.come

over17.Passengers

are

required

to

sit

in

their

seats

and

wear

seat

belts（安全帶）

to

keep

safe

when

the

plane

is

___.DA.pulling

together

B.running

out

C.showing

up

D.taking

off18.—Your

dance

is

excellent！—Thank

you.

I

___

dancing

while

studying

in

Beijing.AA.picked

up

B.got

up

C.put

up

D.came

outⅡ.單詞拼寫1.Jane

always

c_______（收集）stamps

as

she

thinks

each

small

picture

tells

us

a

story.ollects2.Good

music

can

t______（打動）

both

your

heart

and

mine.ouch3.[2023合肥瑤海區(qū)一模]

He's

always

an

active

man

and

always

e_______（期待）

that

things

are

going

the

right

way.xpects4.I

feel

alive

in