中考英語(yǔ)人教版語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題二 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

中考英語(yǔ)人教版專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題二動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)目錄01.解析02.模擬考題01解析圖解語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞，有實(shí)在意義，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。按其句法功能可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞；按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1.及物動(dòng)詞

及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意思表達(dá)完整。及物動(dòng)詞常用于以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中：（1）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)I

often

play

soccer.

我經(jīng)常踢足球。（2）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)They

consider

him

the

best

writer.

他們認(rèn)為他是最優(yōu)秀的作家。

（3）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式Mr.

Li

encouraged

me

to

study

hard.

李老師鼓勵(lì)我努力學(xué)習(xí)。（4）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞+不定式I

don't

know

where

to

go.

我不知道要去哪里。（5）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)He

wanted

to

buy

himself

a

new

pair

of

shoes.

他想給自己買(mǎi)雙新鞋。2.不及物動(dòng)詞

不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整，無(wú)須接賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)"的句型，若要跟賓語(yǔ)，其后必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞，構(gòu)成"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)"的句型。如：We

should

listen

to

the

teacher

carefully.

我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講課?！咀⒁狻坑行﹦?dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，如：begin,

learn,

read,

improve,

study等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞&非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也叫持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：work,

live,

keep,

study,

sleep,

rain,

lie,

know,

read等。You

can

keep

the

dictionary

for

three

weeks.

這本字典你可以借三周。（2）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間動(dòng)作，一般不和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：come,

go,

begin,

close,

die,

borrow,

stop,

leave等。He

left

his

hometown

ten

years

ago.

十年前他離開(kāi)了家鄉(xiāng)。系動(dòng)詞

系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，其后必須接表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。具體分類(lèi)如下：類(lèi)別功能例詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)be感官系動(dòng)詞表示人體感官的系動(dòng)詞feel［2015.35］,

smell［2014.36］,

taste,

sound,

look表象系動(dòng)詞表示看起來(lái)/似乎處于某種狀態(tài)appear,

seem變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)由一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)go,

get,

turn,

grow,

become持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)持續(xù)或保持某種身份或狀態(tài)keep,stay,remain,助動(dòng)詞

英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞有be

（am,

is,

are,

was,

were）,

do

（does,

did）,

have

（has,

had）,

shall,

will,

should,

would等。助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義或意義不完整，不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和它后面的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，以表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，還可構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)的句型。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的含義，表示說(shuō)話人的情感和態(tài)度，不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和其他動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：（1）其后接動(dòng)詞原形；（2）無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化（have

to除外，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用has

to）；（3）具有助動(dòng)詞的作用，可構(gòu)成否定句、疑問(wèn)句及用于簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)。1.can和could的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例can［2018.38;

2014.35］表示能力，意為"能，會(huì)"Can

he

swim？他會(huì)游泳嗎？表示請(qǐng)求、許可，意為"可以"Can

I

take

the

book

home?我能把這本書(shū)帶回家嗎？表示推測(cè)，意為"可能"，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句This

pair

of

shoes

can't

be

Helen's.這雙鞋不可能是海倫的。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例couldcan的過(guò)去式，表示能力，意為"能，會(huì)"He

could

skate

at

the

age

of

six.他六歲時(shí)就會(huì)溜冰了。用于疑問(wèn)句，表示委婉的請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比can更委婉Could

you

lend

it

to

me?

你能把它借給我嗎？表示不大的可能性It

could

rain

today.

今天可能會(huì)下雨。續(xù)表2.may和might的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例may［2017.39;2015.44］表示請(qǐng)求、許可，意為"可以"You

may

leave

now.現(xiàn)在你可以離開(kāi)了。表示可能性較小的推測(cè)，意為"也許"，常用于肯定句This

schoolbag

may

be

Lucy's.

She

likes

pink

best.這個(gè)書(shū)包可能是露西的。她最喜歡粉色。用于祈使句，表示祝福和愿望May

you

return

soon!

愿你早日歸來(lái)！情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例might表示請(qǐng)求、許可，意為"可以"，語(yǔ)氣比may更委婉Might

I

use

it?

我可以用一下它嗎？表示推測(cè)，意為"可能"，可能性低于mayHe

is

absent

today.

He

might

be

sick.

他今天沒(méi)來(lái)。他可能是生病了。may的過(guò)去式，意為"可能"She

was

worried

that

we

might

get

hurt.

她擔(dān)心我們可能會(huì)受到傷害。續(xù)表3.must,

have

to和need的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例must表示義務(wù)和必要，意為"必須"；強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿We

must

study

hard.

我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。表示推測(cè)，意為"一定，肯定"，用于肯定句You

must

be

tired

after

such

a

long

journey.

在這么長(zhǎng)的旅程之后你一定累了吧。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例have

to意為"必須，不得不"，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化He

had

to

work

hard

to

do

things

that

were

easy

for

others.那些別人做起來(lái)輕松的事情，他都要費(fèi)力地去做。［2020安徽中考］

續(xù)表情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例need［2019.39］用于陳述句和疑問(wèn)句，意為"需要"Need

I

leave

now?

需要我現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎？用于否定句，needn't意為"不必"You

needn't

worry

about

Jim.

你不必?fù)?dān)心吉姆。續(xù)表4.should和had

better的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例should意為"應(yīng)該"，表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告或建議；否定形式為shouldn't，意為"不應(yīng)該"You

should

get

up

early

to

catch

the

school

bus.

你應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)起床趕校車(chē)。had

better意為"最好"，表示建議；否定形式為had

better

not，意為"最好不要"You'd

better

stay

at

home

when

it

rains

hard.下大雨的時(shí)候你最好待在家里。5.shall,

will和would的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例shall在疑問(wèn)句中同I和we連用，表示提出或征求意見(jiàn)Shall

we

go

out

and

play?

我們出去玩，好嗎？will表示詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求，也可表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的意愿Will

you

help

me？你會(huì)幫我嗎？We

will

help

you.

我們會(huì)幫你。would表示過(guò)去的意愿或委婉的詢問(wèn)，比will更委婉Would

you

go

with

me？你會(huì)和我一起去嗎？6.can't和mustn't的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含義及用法示例can't［2016.37］意為"不可能"，表示否定推測(cè)That

girl

can't

be

Jenny.

那個(gè)女孩不可能是珍妮。意為"不能，不會(huì)"I

can't

tell

you

the

exact

time.

我不能告訴你確切的時(shí)間。mustn't意為"禁止，不準(zhǔn)"，不可用來(lái)表示推測(cè)You

mustn't

play

in

the

street.

你不能在街道上玩耍。（1）由"Must

I..."引出的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

must."；否定回答用"No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to."。如：—Must

I

finish

the

report

tonight?我必須今晚完成這篇報(bào)告嗎？—No,

you

needn't/don't

have

to.

You

can

bring

it

next

Monday.不，你不必。下周一帶來(lái)就行。（2）由"May

I..."引出的一般疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

may."或"Yes,

please./Certainly./..."；否定回答用"No,

you

can't/mustn't."或"I'm

afraid

not..."。如：—May

I

take

photos

here?我能在這里拍照嗎？—No,

you

can't/mustn't.

Look

at

the

sign

there.不，你不可以拍照?？聪履沁叺臉?biāo)牌?？键c(diǎn)2

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?？嫉膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)類(lèi)型1.動(dòng)詞+介詞dream

of夢(mèng)想

laugh

at嘲笑think

about考慮

depend

on依靠get

to到達(dá)

listen

to聽(tīng)be

against反對(duì)

count

on指望be

for

支持

wait

for等待arrive

in/at到達(dá)

agree

with贊成2.動(dòng)詞+副詞pull

together同心協(xié)力

put

off推遲work

out計(jì)劃；解決［2023.27］

set

out

出發(fā)look

out當(dāng)心

stay

up熬夜turn

off關(guān)閉［2023.38］

grow

up長(zhǎng)大set

up安裝好；建立［2021.40］pick

up撿起；（開(kāi)車(chē)）接某人［2019.41;2018.5］續(xù)表3.動(dòng)詞+名詞make

mistakes犯錯(cuò)誤

take

photos照相l(xiāng)ose

heart喪失信心

make

progress取得進(jìn)步take

chances碰運(yùn)氣

take

care當(dāng)心take

place發(fā)生

make

sense有道理4.動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞make

fun

of取笑

pay

attention

to注意take

care

of照顧

make

use

of利用take

pride

in為……感到自豪續(xù)表5.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞catch

up

with趕上

come

up

with提出get

along

with與……相處融洽look

forward

to期望

date

back

to追溯到live

up

to不辜負(fù)（期望）

look

down

on看不起run

out

of

用完6.動(dòng)詞+介詞+名詞go

to

school去上學(xué)

go

to

bed去睡覺(jué)keep

in

mind記住

come

to

life突然開(kāi)始運(yùn)作續(xù)表?？嫉膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1.come短語(yǔ)come

across（偶然）遇見(jiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)come

out出版，發(fā)行；出來(lái)come

along出現(xiàn)；跟隨；進(jìn)展come

over來(lái)訪，拜訪

come

on加油；快點(diǎn)come

true

（夢(mèng)想等）實(shí)現(xiàn)

come

back回來(lái)；恢復(fù)2.fall短語(yǔ)fall

over被……絆倒，倒下；摔倒fall

off脫落；下降；從……跌落［2022.33］fall

behind落后于fall

down倒塌；跌倒

fall

asleep入睡fall

in

love

with愛(ài)上續(xù)表3.get短語(yǔ)get

up站起；起身；起床［2023.44］get

over從……中恢復(fù)；克服［2019.64］get

on進(jìn)展；上（車(chē)、船等）

get

together相聚get

off下（車(chē)、船等）；下班；（使）離開(kāi)；（使）動(dòng)身get

ready

for為……作準(zhǔn)備續(xù)表4.give短語(yǔ)give

up放棄［2019.49］

give

away捐贈(zèng)give

off發(fā)出（光、熱等）

give

out分發(fā)give

in屈服；讓步續(xù)表5.go短語(yǔ)go

off

（警報(bào)器等）突發(fā)巨響，停止運(yùn)作go

on繼續(xù)

go

away離開(kāi)go

by從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)；時(shí)間流逝

go

over仔細(xì)檢查go

up上升；增長(zhǎng)

go

after追求；追趕go

out出去；熄滅

go

down下降；倒下續(xù)表6.have短語(yǔ)have

a

look看一看

have

a

cold感冒have

a

rest休息have

confidence

in對(duì)……有信心have

an

interest

in對(duì)……感興趣續(xù)表7.keep短語(yǔ)keep

off使不接近；回避keep

in

touch

with和……保持聯(lián)系keep

away

from遠(yuǎn)離

keep

up

with趕上keep

on繼續(xù)［2018.53］

keep

out防止進(jìn)入續(xù)表8.look短語(yǔ)look

at看

look

for尋找look

up查閱；向上看

look

around環(huán)顧look

back回顧

look

after照顧look

through瀏覽

look

over查看，檢查續(xù)表9.make短語(yǔ)make

up組成；化妝；編造［2022.44］make

a

decision作出決定make

the

bed鋪床make

a

difference有作用；有影響make

a

promise作出承諾make

friends

with和……交朋友續(xù)表10.put短語(yǔ)put

up張貼；搭建put

away把……收起來(lái)［2020.30］put

on穿上

put

down寫(xiě)下；放下put

back放回（原處）put

out熄滅續(xù)表11.take短語(yǔ)take

off脫掉，起飛

take

out取出，拿出take

up占據(jù)；學(xué)著做；開(kāi)始做［2021.26］take

in吸收；吸入；吞入take

down拆除；往下拽；記下，記錄take

away拿走，帶走；解除；消除take

after

（長(zhǎng)相、舉止或性格）像take

on呈現(xiàn)，具有（特征、外觀等）［2018.37］take

over接收，接管（企業(yè)、公司等）take

back退回；收回，撤回（說(shuō)過(guò)的話）續(xù)表12.think短語(yǔ)think

of想起；記得

think

up想出think

out認(rèn)真考慮

think

back回想起think

over仔細(xì)考慮；慎重思考think

through充分考慮；全盤(pán)考慮；想透13.turn短語(yǔ)turn

on打開(kāi)

turn

up調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)turn

out結(jié)果是

turn

to

求助于turn

down調(diào)低；拒絕續(xù)表語(yǔ)境小測(cè)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.—Kelly,

this

is

Steve.—Yes,

I

know.

We've

already

___

ourselves.CA.offered

B.turned

C.introduced

D.learned2.Don't

simply

___

the

crowd.

Being

yourself

is

the

best

rule.CA.satisfy

B.change

C.follow

D.control3.—Dinner

is

ready.

Help

yourself,

please.—Wow!

The

soup

and

the

meat

___

really

great.AA.taste

B.sound

C.turn

D.get4.[2017安徽中考]

—Mum,

I've

signed

for

the

box.

What's

in

it?—I'm

not

sure.

It

___

be

a

present

from

your

uncle.CA.need

B.must

C.may

D.will5.—I'm

crazy

about

Chinese

culture

and

I've

travelled

to

China

many

times.—No

wonder

that

you

___

speak

Chinese

so

well.DA.must

B.need

C.should

D.can6.[2023黃山一模]

It

is

a

good

habit

to___

all

your

things

in

correct

places.AA.put

away

B.put

up

C.put

out

D.put

off7.[2023泰州中考]

Most

neighbours

___

the

habit

of

square

dancing

to

create

a

quieter

environment

for

us.DA.get

into

B.care

about

C.carry

on

D.give

up8.[2023自貢中考改編]

—Ms.

White,

I

am

sad

that

I

didn't

pass

the

test.—Keep

trying.

Success

___

hard

work.AA.depends

on

B.gives

away

C.leads

to

D.picks

upⅡ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.I

knew

that

boy

wasn't

Jim.

Jim

never

w____（佩戴）

glasses

before.ore2.Smiling

is

the

best

way

to

f____

（面對(duì)）

every

problem.ace3.These

grapes

were

p______（摘）

from

the

garden

just

now.icked4.On

the

top

of

the

mountain

can

you

see

the

sun

r_________（上升）

clearly.ise/rising5.Mary

has

o

_______（提出）

some

useful

advice

about

this

project.ffered語(yǔ)篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。left

decided

help

felt

work

could

askedthinking

buy

did

Last

March

I

lost

the

camera

that

my

parents

bought

for

me.

I

1._____

it

on

the

bus.

I

called

the

bus

company

to

check

if

they

2.______

find

it,

but

it

wasn't

there.

I

was

really

sad.

Then

I

3.________

to

get

a

new

one

by

myself.

I

started

4._________

of

ways

to

make

and

save

money.

My

parents

usually

leftcoulddecidedthinkinggive

me

￡8

every

week,

so

the

first

thing

I

5._____

was

to

keep

the

money

in

my

piggy

bank.

I

also

offered

to

6._____

my

uncle

look

after

his

dog

when

he

was

away.

After

some

time,

my

uncle's

neighbors

saw

me.

They

7._______

me

if

I

could

help

with

their

cats

and

dogs,

too.

And

I

said

yes.

In

less

than

three

months

I

had

enough

money

to

8._____

a

new

camera.

It

was

the

same

as

the

one

I

had

lost,

but

to

me

it

was

much

nicer.

I

paid

for

it

with

the

money

I

made

and

it

9._____

very

different.

This

experience

teaches

me

what

it

means

to

10.______

hard

and

I

have

learned

that

you

must

be

careful

with

the

things

you

have,

because

they

take

a

lot

of

hard

work.didhelpaskedbuyfeltwork02模擬考題Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空★實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞1.We

should

often

review

our

notes

after

class

to

avoid

___

the

same

mistakes.CA.wasting

B.getting

C.repeating

D.fixing2.—Our

school

will

hold

the

sports

meeting

from

next

Thursday

to

Friday.—Right.

Players

will

___

in

twelve

sports,

including

table

tennis

and

volleyball.DA.advise

B.believe

C.imagine

D.compete3.[2023樂(lè)山中考改編]

—How

does

the

apple

juice

___?—Good.

I'd

like

to

have

another

glass.AA.taste

B.smell

C.look

D.sound4.The

cake

___

so

good

that

I

can't

wait

to

have

a

bit

of

it.BA.tastes

B.smells

C.sounds

D.feels5.If

you

can___

what

you

have

and

do

something

to

help

others,

you

will

find

your

life

is

full

of

pleasure.BA.count

B.value

C.regret

D.fix6.Nancy

was

chosen

for

"The

Most

Beautiful

Student"

because

she

is

honest

and

always

___

her

word.BA.breaks

B.keeps

C.supports

D.forgets7.The

real

difference

between

an

excellent

person

and

a

common

person

is

that

the

excellent

person

can

___

his

or

her

time.BA.describe

B.manage

C.accept

D.believe★情態(tài)動(dòng)詞8.—Are

you

sure

you

are

taking

me

to

the

bank?—Believe

me,

this

___

be

the

wrong

road.DA.needn't

B.shouldn't

C.mustn't

D.can't9.This

ping-pong

ball

___

be

Ted's.

He's

the

only

one

that

can

play

ping-pong.BA.need

B.must

C.cannot

D.shouldn't10.We

___

take

a

taxi.

It's

only

a

few

blocks

away.AA.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.couldn't11.—Alex,

come

down

to

play

football.—I

can't.

Mom

said

I

___

clean

my

bedroom

before

doing

anything

else.AA.had

to

B.will

C.used

to

D.can★動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)12.Tony

always

gives

his

seat

to

the

old

people

after

they

___

the

bus

or

the

subway.AA.get

on

B.put

on

C.get

off

D.put

off13.Sally,

___

your

sunglasses.

The

sun

is

so

bright.BA.put

up

B.put

on

C.put

away

D.put

down14.Jessica

is

so

helpful

that

she

always

___

our

cat

when

we're

on

holiday.CA.finds

out

B.hears

from

C.looks

after

D.puts

up15.You'd

better

___

the

important

points

your

teacher

said

in

class

and

review

them

carefully

after

class.AA.write

down

B.look

for

C.find

out

D.cut

out16.—Last

night

I

called

you

twice

but

couldn't

___.—I

was

taking

a

walk

with

my

parents

then.BA.go

off

B.get

through

C.call

back

D.come

over17.Passengers

are

required

to

sit

in

their

seats

and

wear

seat

belts（安全帶）

to

keep

safe

when

the

plane

is

___.DA.pulling

together

B.running

out

C.showing

up

D.taking

off18.—Your

dance

is

excellent！—Thank

you.

I

___

dancing

while

studying

in

Beijing.AA.picked

up

B.got

up

C.put

up

D.came

outⅡ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Jane

always

c_______（收集）stamps

as

she

thinks

each

small

picture

tells

us

a

story.ollects2.Good

music

can

t______（打動(dòng)）

both

your

heart

and

mine.ouch3.[2023合肥瑤海區(qū)一模]

He's

always

an

active

man

and

always

e_______（期待）

that

things

are

going

the

right

way.xpects4.I

feel

alive

in