譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第三冊(cè)UNIT2預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道1學(xué)案

Ⅰ．匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1．bother A．條件，狀況；境況，(尤指)經(jīng)濟(jì) 狀況()2．visible B．閑暇，空閑()3．a(chǎn)stronaut C．任務(wù)；使命，天職；軍事行 動(dòng)；太空飛行任務(wù)()4．gravity D．輻射，放射線()5．mission E．宇航員，航天員()6．creature F．重力，地球引力；嚴(yán)重性；嚴(yán)肅()7．circumstance G．必不可少的，對(duì)……極重要的； 維持生命所必需的()8．radiation H．動(dòng)物，生物；人()9．vital I．toannoy，worryorupsetsb．()10．leisure J．thatcanbeseen[答案]1—5IJEFC6—10HADGBB．短語匹配()1．cometoanend A．在這種情況下，既然如此()2．differfrom B．保護(hù)……免受()3．carryout C．鑒于，考慮到()4．castnewlighton D．也；和；同()5．inthecircumstances E．執(zhí)行；實(shí)施()6．headout F．不同于()7．inviewof G．結(jié)束()8．a(chǎn)taspeedof H．使進(jìn)一步了解……()9．protect．．．from I．出發(fā)；朝著……去()10．a(chǎn)swellas J．以……速度[答案]1—5GFEHA6—10ICJBDⅡ．默寫單詞1．cupboardn． 壁櫥；櫥柜，衣柜2．mosquiton． 蚊子3．microscopen． 顯微鏡4．occupyvt． 占用，使用；居住；占領(lǐng)，侵占； 使忙于5．evaluatevt． 評(píng)估，估計(jì)，評(píng)價(jià)6．exposuren． 面臨，遭受；揭露；報(bào)道7．luxuryn． 不常有的樂趣(或享受)；奢侈品8．furthermoreadv． 此外，再者9．disciplinevt． 嚴(yán)格要求(自己)；懲罰；訓(xùn)練n． 訓(xùn)練，紀(jì)律；行為準(zhǔn)則；自制力10．crewn． 全體工作人員；全體乘務(wù)人員，全 體船員；專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)Ⅰ．語境填空bother；circumstance；leisure；astronaut；crew；gravity；mission；creature；discipline；radiation1．Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured．2．Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline．3．Workersatthenuclearplantwereexposedtohighdosesofradiation．4．Hundredsofpeoplehaddiedthereinterriblecircumstancesduringandaftertherevolution．5．Howcouldanyonefindpleasureinhuntingandkillingthisbeautifulcreature?6．Imustforgetthesesideissuesandremembermymission．7．Hedidn'tevenbothertoletmeknowhewascoming．8．Newtonproposedthatheavenlyandterrestrialmotioncouldbeunifiedwiththeideaofgravity．9．Thephysicalfitnessrequirementsforbeinganastronautareverystiff．10．Thesedayswehavemoremoneyandmoreleisuretoenjoyit．Ⅱ．語法填空之派生詞1．Theyhavediscoveredthelinkbetweenexposuretoradiation(radiate)andchildhoodcancer．2．Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenexposure(expose)tosunandskincancer．3．Thestarisnotvisible(vision)tothenakedeye．4．Underthetermsofthelease，youhavetopaymaintenance(maintain)charges．課文助讀[1]would-beadj．想要成為的[2]cometoanend結(jié)束[3]句子主干為Ibetyou'dlovetoknow，后跟what和how各自引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，中間由and連接；破折號(hào)后的句子用于解釋前句。[4]句子主干是Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters．．．orinsleepingbags,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞quarters；insleepingbags和inprivatequarters并列，attachedtothewallsortheceiling非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作定語，修飾sleepingbags。[5]句子主干是so連接的兩個(gè)并列分句。第一個(gè)分句的主干是thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance，withsomuchgoingon是原因狀語；第二個(gè)分句的謂語是and連接的并列動(dòng)詞短語。[6]句子主干是Themostchallengingworktakesplace，后面跟了時(shí)間狀語從句whenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation...從句中suchas后跟的三個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語用以列舉部分tasks。[7]headout向外走，走出去[8]SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis中的as引導(dǎo)倒裝的狀語，表示“盡管”，可以用though代替。[9]句子主干是It'saluxurytoeatfreshfood，it是形式主語，toeatfreshfood是真正的主語；后跟because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，從句中freshproduce是主語，謂語部分是canonlybedeliveredto;suchasfruitandvegetables修飾freshproduce,fromtheEartheverycoupleofmonths修飾canonlybedelivered。[10]句子主干是wedisciplineourselvestodo．．．，句首Considering是介詞，意為“鑒于，考慮到”，lowgravityhasonthehumanbody是定語從句，修飾前面的negativeeffects，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that/which。[11]句子主干是there'snothing，后跟省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句welikemorethantositback...，從句中使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)，此處nothing和morethan結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合使用表示“沒有什么比……更……的了”；morethan后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)由兩部分構(gòu)成，sitbackwith...和watchourremarkableplanetgoby，其后takingpictures...是非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語。原文呈現(xiàn)LifeonaspacestationLivinginspaceiseverywould-be[1]astronaut'sdream．Mysix-monthstayonaspacestationhascometoanend[2],andithasbeenachallengingbutmagicaladventure．Ibetyou'dlovetoknowwhatdailylifeislikeupinspaceandhowitdiffersfromthatontheEarth—thelowgravitydefinitelymakesordinarythingsstrange！[3]Thestrangenessoflivinginspaceisapparentfromthemomentwesleep．Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace,wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon'tfloataround．Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters,whicharemorelikelargecupboards,orinsleepingbagsattachedtothewallsortheceiling．[4]It'sstrangethatwetrytosleepwithnopressureagainstourback,buttheunusualbedsdon'tbotherusanymore．Afterabouteighthoursofsleep,westartourdayofwork．Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding,buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding．Ourmainmissionistoconductscientificresearch．Weneedtoevaluatetheeffectsoflowgravityonanimalsandplants．Creaturessuchasmice,fishandmosquitoeshavealsobeensenttothestation!Inalow-gravityenvironment,wecanlearnmoreaboutchangesincellsandmicroorganismsunderthemicroscope．Aswellasdoingthesebiologicalexperiments,wecarryoutexperimentsinotherresearchfields．IhavebeenworkingononeexperimentwhichlocatesandtrackslightningoverlargeregionsoftheEarth．Hopefully,itwillcastnewlightontheEarth'sclimateandleadtobetterlightningprotection．Withsomuchgoingon,thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance,soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning．[5]Themostchallengingworktakesplacewhenweneedtoperformtasksoutsidethespacestation,suchastestingnewequipment,monitoringscientificexperimentsorrepairingthespacestation．[6]Inthecircumstances,it'stimeforaspacewalk．First,weputonourspacesuits,whichallowustobreatheinspaceandprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation．Thenweheadout[7],andsometimesperformtasksforhoursatatime,withthebeautifulEarthvisiblebelow．SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis[8],spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink．It'sprobablythemostdangerouswork,withpotentialriskssuchaselectricshocks．That'swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned．Inviewofthelow-gravityenvironment,eatingisalsodifferentinspace．Mostfoodisdriedorfreeze-dried．It'saluxurytoeatfreshfood,becausefreshproducesuchasfruitandvegetablescanonlybedeliveredtothespacestationfromtheEartheverycoupleofmonths．[9]Saltandpepperareonlyinliquidform,sothattheywillnotfloatawayandblocktheairpipes．However,liquidscan'tbeeasilycontrolledinspace．Wemustdrinkwateroranyotherliquidsoutofabagthroughathintubeofplastic．Furthermore,tokeepourbodyhealthy,wemustensureabalancedsupplyofnutrientsbytakingpills．Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health．Didyouknowthatinjustfivemonths,astronautscouldloseasignificantamountofmuscleandbonemass？Consideringthesenegativeeffectslowgravityhasonthehumanbody,wedisciplineourselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday．[10]Exerciseinspaceisnotyouraverageworkout．Wehavetobetiedontospeciallydesignedexerciseequipmenttostopourselvesfromfloatingaround．Duringourleisuretime,there'snothingwelikemorethantositbackwiththerestofthecrewandwatchourremarkableplanetgoby,takingpicturesforourfamilyandfriendsbackhome．[11]Asthespacestationtravelsataspeedofabout17，500milesperhour,wegettoseethesunriseevery90minutes．Inthesepreciousmoments,allthechallengesoflifeinspaceseemworthit．譯文參考太空站上的生活生活在太空是每個(gè)未來宇航員的夢(mèng)想。我在空間站的六個(gè)月的停留已經(jīng)結(jié)束，這是一次充滿挑戰(zhàn)但又神奇的冒險(xiǎn)。我敢打賭你一定很想知道太空中的日常生活是什么樣的，它與地球上的生活有什么不同，低重力使普通的事物變得奇怪！從我們睡覺的那一刻起，生活在太空中的陌生感就顯而易見了。由于太空中幾乎沒有重力，我們不得不把我們自己拴起來，這樣我們就不會(huì)四處漂浮。我們通常睡在私人住所里，就像大的壁櫥一樣，或者睡在睡袋里，睡袋拴在墻上或天花板上。試著背部沒有壓力入睡是奇怪的，但我們不再為這些特別的床而煩惱了。大約睡了八個(gè)小時(shí)后，我們開始了一天的工作。占用了一天里大部分時(shí)間的日常工作要求很高，但是也會(huì)非常有意義。我們的主要任務(wù)是進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。我