2019年12月英語四級真題及答案（卷一）

2019年12月英語四級真題及答案完整版（卷一）PartⅠWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstolearnChinese.Pleaserecommendauniversitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【參考范文】DearLucy,IamdelightedtohearthatyouaregoingtolearnChineseinaChineseuniversity.Sinceyouhaveaskedformyadviceaboutchoosingwhichuniversity,Iwilltrytogiveyousomeusefulsuggestionshere.ItiswellknownthatPekingUniversityisagreatplacetolearnChinese.Thereareseveralfactorsaccountingforthischoiceandthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Firstandforemost,PekingUniversityisoneofthetopuniversitiesinChinaandthebirthplaceofmanygreatminds.Therefore,itcanprovidehigh-qualityteachingresources,whichisessentialforaforeignerlearner.Inaddition,BeijingisthecapitalofChinaandtherearevarioushistoricbuildings.TheyprovideforeignstudentsagoodchancetoknowChinesecultureandhistory.Ihopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionshelpfulandwishyouallthebest.Yours,LiMingPartⅡListeningComprehensionSectionAQuestionsland2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A）Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.B）Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.C）Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.D）Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.2.A）Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.B）Itfounditswaybacktothepark’szoo.C）Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.D）Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A）Itisthelargestofitskind.B）Itisgoingtobeexpanded.C）Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.D）Itisstaringanonlineexhibition.4.A）AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.B）Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.C）SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.D）Picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A）Pickuptrash.B）Amusevisitors.C）Delivermessages.D）Playwithchildren.6.A）Theyareespeciallyintelligent.B）Theyarechildren’sfavorite.CTheyarequiteeasytotame.D）Theyarecleanandpretty.7.A）Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.B）Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.C）Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.D）Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.SectionBQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A）ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.B）Itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.C）Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.D）Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.9.A）Itwillbemorefuturistic.B）Itwillbemoresystematic.C）Itwillbemoreentertaining.D）Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.10.A）Peopleinterestedinscience.B）Youngsterseagertoexplore.C）Childrenintheirearlyteens.D）Studentsmajoringinscience.11.A）Offerprofessionaladvice.B）Providefinancialsupport.C）HelppromoteitontheInternet.D）Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A）Unsure.B）Helpless.C）Concerned.D）Dissatisfied.13.A）Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.B）Helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.C）Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.D）Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.14.A）Embarrassed.B）Unconcerned.C）Miserable.D）Resentful.15.A）Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.B）Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.C）Alwayslearnfromothers’achievements.D）Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.SectionCQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A）Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.B）Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.C）Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.D）Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.17.A）Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.B）Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.c）Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.D）Respondmorepositivelytoboys’comments.18.A）Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.B）Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.C）Placegreatemphasisontestscores.D）Payextraattentiontotopstudents.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A）Itoftenrainscatsanddogs.B）Itseldomrainsinsummertime.C）Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.D）ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.20.A）Theydrivemostofthetime.B）Therainisusuallyverylight.C）Theyhavegotusedtotherain.D）Theraincomesmostlyatnight.21.A）Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.B）Ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.C）Ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.D）Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A）Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.B）Itresultsfromexertingone’smusclescontinuously.C）Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.D）Itcomesfromstainingone’smusclesinanunusualway.23.A）Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.B）Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.C）Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.D）Theygraduallybecomefragmented.24.A）Aboutoneweek.B）Abouttwodays.C）Abouttendays.D）Aboutfourweeks.25.A）Applymusclecreams.B）Drinkplentyofwater.C）Haveahotshower.D）Takepain-killers.PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionAQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger,youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）viruses27onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinindividual-hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsickaccordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented.29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.Priortothenewstudy.litterwasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to32therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different33intheUS.34sideofapersoninfectedwithflu,aswellasthosesittingoneroeinfontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80personchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.A）accurateB）conclusionC）directlyD）eitherE）evaluateF）explorationsG）flightsH）largelyI）nearbyJ）respondK）slimL）spreadM）summitN）vividlyO）vulnerable【參考答案】26-30BLKAO31-35CEGDHSectionBASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsownA）Gettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere’sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefuture:aplacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWe’llLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses“rapid,long-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale.”B）“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterborne（水運的）century,the19thcenturyarailcentury.the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury一andthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedbyair,”Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda’sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears.“Fromtheget-go,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,”saysKasada.“ThegovernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternationalBusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltintandemwiththenewairport.”C）Songdoisastone’sthrowfromSouthKorea’sIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub（樞紐）.Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaplaceasan“internationalbusinessdistrict”doesn’tmeanitwillbecomeone.ParkYeonSooconceived（構想）thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby.“Iamavisionary,”hesays.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park’sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36.000peoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It’saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonreclaimedtidalflatsalongtheYellowSea,There’saCoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.D）Chancesareyou’veactuallyseenthisplace.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousmusicvideoevertocomeouofSouthKorea.“GangnamStyle”referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo.“Idon’tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,”saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon’sBartlettSchoolofPlanning,“Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit’snewandnice.”E）Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Buthat’snothowithasturnedout.Songdo’sreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there’salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecorner,there’saStarbucksanda7-Eleven--alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.F）Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingstrollers,oldwomenwithwalkers--eveninthemiddleoftheday.whenit’s90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat’stheproblem:SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancity一morepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessone.It’snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.“It’sagreatplacetolive.Andit’sbecomingagreatplacetowork,”saysScottSummers,thevicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhiscompany’sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullofkayaksandpaddleboats.Shimmering（閃爍的）glasstowerslinethecanal’sedge.G）“What’shappenedis,becausewefocusedoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirst,whichenabledtheresidentstolivehere,whathasprobablymissedthemarkisforcompaniestolocatehere,”hesays.“Thereneedstobestrongeconomicincentives.”Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn’tfeelallthatfuturistic.There’sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody’stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalizedlanguageorexerciseclasses.H）ButStarTrekthisisnot.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.“I’m,like,inprisonforweekdays.That’swhatwecallitintheworkplace,”saysawomaninher20s.Shedoesn’twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.“IsayI’mprison-breakingonFridaynights.”Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There’snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20milesaway.I）ThemanwhofirstimaginedSongdofeelsfrustrated.too.ParksayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,“l(fā)ikeMercedesorBMW.It’sagoodcarnow.Butwe’rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.”Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompaniesJ）Songdo’sbackerscontendthatit’sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurbandesignatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple.“Therehavebeenalotofutopian（烏托邦的）citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon’tknowaboutalotofthemisthatalotofthemhavevanishedentirely.”Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.36.Songdo’spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.37.ThemanwhoconceivesSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisexpectations.38.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotinSongdo.39.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.40.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaprofessor.41.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.42.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredomintheworkplace.43.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationaltransportation.44.Acordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhathappeninthefuture.45.ParkYeonSo.WhoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.【參考答案】36-40FIDGB41-45EHAJCSectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy（征稅）1.5centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia’snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecounty.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It’sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalpre-kindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyistsmadesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxincourt.“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages—includinglow-andno-caloriechoices,”saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.”Anindustrybackedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleast$4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure.characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherplaces,”saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.“Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.It’snotjustBerkeley’anymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia’sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado’sBoulderarebecominghot-buttonissuesHealthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecoming.46.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphia?A）Itwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumers.B）ItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.C）Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunities.D）Itmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusiness.47.Whatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposal?A）Bargainwiththecitycouncil.B）Refusetopayadditionaltax.C）Takelegalactionagainstit.D）Trytowinpublicsupport.48.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposal?A）Ittriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumers.B）Ittriedtowingrocers’supportagainstthemeasure.C）Itkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemedia.D）Itcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertising.49.Whatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddo?A）Alertpeopletotheriskofsugar-induceddiseases.B）Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.C）Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.D）Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountry.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeothercities?A）Theyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.B）Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.C）Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.D）Theyaretakingawaylotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherfromofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.51.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A）Quick-cookingmicrowave