武漢大學(xué)研究生英語Unit1考試難句翻譯(文檔良心出品)

Oneanswertothequestionofwhymisunderstandingorrejectionhappensmightbethatmanyofusnaivelyassumetherearesufficientsimilaritiesamongpeoplesoftheworldtoenableustosuccessfullyexchangeinformationorfeelings,solveproblemsormutualconcerns,cementbusinessrelationships,orjustmakethekindofimpressionwewishtomake.(Para2)這個問題的一個答案就是，大部分人天真地認(rèn)為世界上的人有足夠的相似之處，可以讓我們成功地交流信息或者感受，解決共同關(guān)注的問題，加強(qiáng)商業(yè)關(guān)系，或者只是產(chǎn)生我們所希望產(chǎn)生的印象。2.Promisingarethecross-culturalstudiesseekingtosupportDarwin’stheorythatfacialexpressionsareuniversalandresearchersfoundthattheparticularvisiblepatternontheface,thecombinationofmusclescontractedforanger,fear,surprise,sadness,disgust,happinessisthesameforallmembersofourspecies,butthisseemshelpfuluntilitisrealizedthataperson’sculturalupbringingdetermineswhetherornotthatemotionwillbedisplayedorsuppressed,aswellasonwhichoccasionsandtowhatdegree.(Para3)力求證明達(dá)爾文關(guān)于面部表情是共同的這一理論的跨文化研究給人極大的希望，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)臉部的某些看得見的形狀，即因憤怒、恐懼、驚訝、悲傷、厭惡、幸福而產(chǎn)生的系列肌肉收縮，我們?nèi)祟惛鞒蓡T都是一樣的。但只要我們意識到一個人生長的文化決定了這種情感是否會表露或壓抑，決定了在何種場合和多大程度上會表露或壓抑，以上研究似乎都無濟(jì)于事。3.Withoutbeingalerttopossibledifferencesandtheneedtolearnnewrulesforfunctioning,personsgoingfromonecitytotheotherwillbeinimmediatetrouble,evenwhenactingsimplerolessuchaspedestriananddriver.(Para5)從一個城市到另一個城市，如果沒有意識到可能存在的差異，沒有學(xué)習(xí)那些生活的新規(guī)則，人們在走路和開車這種小事情上都會立刻陷入困境。4．Thenativeinhabitantsarelikelytobelulledintotheexpectationthat,sincetheforeignpersonisdressedappropriatelyandspeaksomeofthelanguage,heorshewillalsohavesimilarnonverbalcodes,thoughtsandfeelings.(Para7)既然外國人穿著得體，并且能講當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z言，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窬蜁Ｍ鈬藭邢嗨频男袨?、思想和感情?.Thefourthstumblingblockisthepresenceofpreconceptionsandstereotypes.Ifthelabel“inscrutable”hasprecededtheJapaneseguest,itisthusweexplaintheJapaneseconstantandinappropriatesmile.ThestereotypethatArabsare“inflammable”maycausetheUSstudentstokeeptheirdistanceorevenalertauthoritieswhenananimatedandnoisygroupfromtheMiddleEastgathers.(Para11)第四大障礙是偏見和模式化。如果用“神秘”一詞來形容日本客人，這就可以解釋日本人自始至終的不合時宜的微笑。阿拉伯人是易怒的定式思維可能會讓美國學(xué)生保持和他們的距離。當(dāng)一群從中東萊的活躍的、吵鬧的阿拉伯人聚集在一起時，官方也會引起警惕。6.Moderatearousalandpositiveattitudesprepareonetomeetchallengeswithenergy,buthigharousal,causedbyabuildupofcontinuedmoderatestress,depletesthebody’senergyreservequicklyanddefencemustbeusedwhetherornotthepersonwillsit.(Para17)適度的緊張和積極的態(tài)度為一個人面對挑戰(zhàn)做好了能量上的準(zhǔn)備。但是，一定的持續(xù)的壓力的累積會引起高度的緊張，而高度的緊張使得人體內(nèi)儲存的能量迅速耗竭，從而需要調(diào)動防御系統(tǒng)，不管個人是否有意為之。7.Thecommunicatorcannotstopatknowingthatthepeopleheisworkingwithhavedifferentcustoms,goals,andthoughtpatternsfromhisown.Hemustbeabletofeelhiswayintointimatecontactwiththesealienvalues,attitudes,andfeelings.Hemustbeabletoworkwiththemandwithinthem,neitherlosinghisownvaluesintheconfrontationnorprotectinghimselfbehindawal