高中英語重點(diǎn)詞匯精講

中學(xué)英語重點(diǎn)詞匯精講abandon:vt.放棄，遺棄abandonmedicineforliterature棄醫(yī)從文；desert:遺棄，拋棄onadesertedisland.ability:n實(shí)力，才能：havetheabilitytodo…=becapableofdoing…有實(shí)力做……able:adj.有實(shí)力的：anableleader;beableto與can的區(qū)分：can只有現(xiàn)在(can)和過去(could)兩種形式，而beableto可有各種時(shí)態(tài)。（詳見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone______getout.A.couldB.wasabletoC.canD.must(B)aboard:adv./prep在船（飛機(jī)，車）上.Aboard=onboard;Allaboard!請(qǐng)上船；開船啦。Welcomeaboard!請(qǐng)上船（飛機(jī)，車）about:prêt./adv.在四周，在身邊；關(guān)于(on更肅穆，正式)；大約：beabouttodo...(=beat/onthepointofdoing...)即將做。。。。。。后不能接soon,atonce等時(shí)間狀語；Howabout+doing/名詞/代詞/句子等...=Whatabout..做......好嗎？①Ihavenomoneyaboutme.②HaveyouheardofthestoryaboutShakespeareabouttwoyeas=twoyearsprso=sometwoyearsAllthemariners____diedexcepttheonewhoshotthebirdlefttotellhisstorytoothers,whichwasdescribedinthepoemcalled“TheRimeoftheAncientMariner.”A.onaboardB.onaboardC.onboardsD.aboardabroad:adv.be(go/live/travel)abroad;come(return)fromabroad;bothathomeandabroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外；beallabroad離題，不中肯absence:n.absent:adj.不在，缺席；不在意的：HewillbeabsentatthemeetingfromBeijing.（不在北京）HewillbeabsentatthemeetinginBeijing.（外出在北京）Absenceofmind心不在焉；反義詞：present出席的，在場(chǎng)的，用法和absent一樣，但作定語要后置(n.禮物，atpresent目前)_______gotapresentattheparty.(A)A.AllpresentB.PresentallC.Allpresentingabsorb:vt.汲取（聲音，光線，液體等），汲取，理解（學(xué)問等）；Beabsorbedin聚精會(huì)神于。Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyoucall.academic:學(xué)院的，學(xué)校的，學(xué)業(yè)的。academiclevels/challenges:學(xué)業(yè)水平/學(xué)習(xí)中的挑戰(zhàn)。accident:意外;incident:小事務(wù)，政治事變或事務(wù)byaccident=bychance偶然accept:承認(rèn)，接受（主觀），receive:收到（表客觀），acceptAasB承認(rèn)A是B,Hewasacceptedasanexcellentteacheratlast.Yesterdayhedid_______aninvitation,butherefusedto_____it.(B、A)A.acceptB.receiveaccess:進(jìn)入，接近(to),haveaccessto:有權(quán)進(jìn)入….,能夠運(yùn)用到….accessibleadj.可以運(yùn)用（或得到）的。能進(jìn)入的。Sth.beaccessabletosb.某人簡(jiǎn)潔運(yùn)用到…account:accountfor…說明，描述。Onaccountof…因?yàn)椤璽akeaccountof…考慮到…。accuse;指控,指責(zé)。Accusesb.Ofsth…指控某人犯…；beaccusedof…被指控犯…。achieve:①完成,取得,達(dá)到achieveone’swork/success/one’sgoal;achievethegoalofdoing…達(dá)到…..目標(biāo)。eq\o\ac(○,2)achievements:成就，成果Heachieved/gainedgreat/brilliantachievementsinwritingnovels.acquire:學(xué)習(xí)（一般指天生的習(xí)得）；而learn指課堂學(xué)習(xí)。Englishacquiredability.across:①橫穿而過（從物體表面）；through:穿過（從物件內(nèi)部）；over:跨過（從物體上方）；past:經(jīng)過（從物件旁邊）；along:經(jīng)過（從物體邊沿）Hewent______theriveranddidn’tfindaboattogo_____it.A.over,acrossB.along,acrossC.along,overD.past,throughact:①vi.行為，演出，Vt.擔(dān)當(dāng)，演……角色(=playthepartof)n.法令,條例actas=workas=serveas擔(dān)當(dāng),充當(dāng)Whowill_____ShakespeareinthefilmA.actB.actasC.playapartpf(A)①action.n.行為,行動(dòng),措施takeactions實(shí)行行動(dòng),takemeasures實(shí)行措施active:adj.主動(dòng)的,活躍的take(an)activepartin主動(dòng)參與……,beactiveinsth./doingsth.在……方面很主動(dòng)。live/leadanactivelife過著活躍的生活。actual:①現(xiàn)實(shí)的，實(shí)際的（現(xiàn)實(shí)存在，不是想象中的）；real:真實(shí)的（不是假的）rue:真實(shí)的（不是inactuallife,arealgoldring,atruestory②actually:adv.事實(shí)上，的確=infact/inreality/asamatteroffact=reallyadapt:（使適應(yīng)。dapt(oneself)to…（使適應(yīng)..adaptAforB:把A改編/改寫/改造成adaptfrom…依據(jù)……改編。add:①vt.加add…to…把……加到……上Two_____tothreemakesfive.A.addedB.addingC.isaddedD.beingadded(A)②addto增加,(=increase)Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.③addup把加Pleaseaddupallthefigures.④addupto合計(jì)為=cometo=amounttoaddict:vt.使……沉溺,be/getaddictedto對(duì)……上癮Theyoungmangetsaddictedtodrugs.address:①n地址②v寄.=postheaddressedalettertome.adjust:adjust(oneself)to…使自己相宜于……；adaptto適應(yīng)于=agreewithadmire:admiresb.For(doing)sth.因……而敬佩某人;envy:嫉妒,艷羨envysb.sth.admit:①vi/vt.admit(to)sth.承認(rèn)……admissionn.②讓……進(jìn)入,接納admitab.to/into…允許某人進(jìn)入……beadmittedtoschool/hospital,允許進(jìn)入……,③admitdoingsth.允許做……承認(rèn)做……④admit+從句⑤admttof…=allowof…容許有……Thematteradmitsofnodelay.容納=hold=seatTheroomcanadmit200persons.adopt:接受,接受(=accept),收養(yǎng)。adoptone’ssuggestion.advance:advancetowardsaplace:向……前進(jìn)advanceinsth.在……方面有增長(zhǎng);advancetoaplace:到達(dá)……;advanceon/upon…靠近,進(jìn)攻;inadvance:提前=aheadoftime;inadvanceof…在……之前,比……前進(jìn)。Advancing=developing:發(fā)展中的，advanced:發(fā)達(dá)的，高級(jí)的，進(jìn)步的。advantage:優(yōu)點(diǎn)，好處takeadvantageof…利用……=makeuseof;have/takeanadvantageoverothers對(duì)……有優(yōu)勢(shì)。disadvantage:不足,可數(shù)名詞。advice:①忠告，勸告（不行數(shù)），tip:勸告，可數(shù)，apieceofadvice一條勸告，givesb.someadviceon(howtodo)sth就……給某人提建議,take/followone’sadvice接受某人的建議,ask(sb.)foradvice征詢某人的建議,dosth.onone’sadvice按某人的建議做……②advise:v.(BE)=advicev.(AE)advisesb.todosth.勸某人做……,advisesb.nottodosth=advisesb.againstdoingsth.勸/建議某人不要做……,advisedoingsth.建議做……;但suggest可用suggest:(one’s/sb.)doingsth,不用suggestsb.todosth.I____theladygothereatonce.A.suggestedB.advisedC.hopedD.wished(A)affair:泛指“事務(wù),事情,事務(wù)”,affairs:表重大“事務(wù)或事態(tài)”;event:指有重大意義的歷史事務(wù);business:生意,公事on/inbusiness,gointobusiness;matter問題Businessbeforepleasure.Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthemeeting.affect:vt.影響effevtn.haveaneffecton…=affect…對(duì)…有影響.haveno/much/great/little…effecton/upon對(duì)什么沒有/有很大/重大/很小,幾乎沒有影響.effectiveadj.有效的afford:①負(fù)擔(dān)起(……的費(fèi)用)可接名詞,代詞或todo……,常與can.could,beableto連用于否定句或問句中.hispoorfamilycan’taffordhiseducation.Ican’taffordtobuyacaratpresent.②抽得出時(shí)間=spare但spare可sparesb.+時(shí)間Hecan’taffordtimeforthecinema.Icanspareyoutwohours.我能為你抽出兩個(gè)小時(shí).③供應(yīng)affordsb.sth.=offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.=supplysthto/forsb./supplysb.Withsth.=providesb.Withsth./providesthfor/tosb.Failureaffordusexperience.afraid:beafraidtodo…膽怯 做……,beafraidof(doing)sth.擔(dān)憂做……beafraid+句子,beafraidnot/so唯恐不行/唯恐如此(對(duì)句子的省略回答).Idon’twanttobeawaitressbecauseI’mafraid____dishesfrequently.A.onbreakingB.tobreak(A)after:①表過去一段時(shí)間以后或?qū)砟硞€(gè)時(shí)刻以后,反義詞是before指從過去算起時(shí)間以前或?qū)砟硞€(gè)時(shí)刻以前;而指將來一段時(shí)間以后,反義詞是ago指從現(xiàn)在算起一段里頭以前.②afterall終歸,終究,aboveall首先,最重要的是(作入語),指重要性;firstofall首先,最重要的是,指依次或重要性,inall=intotal=altogether總共,atall根本.wecan’tblamehimforwhathedid;____heisachild.A.atallB.inallC.afterallD.aboveall(C)agree:①agreetosth.同意,成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/…②agreewothsb.(或decision,view,opinion,或某人的話)同意,成;與……一樣,適合(天氣,食物等)hemovedtobiijingbecausehe____theweatherhere.(A)A.didn’tagreewithB.wasn’tsuitableforC.wasn’tfitforD.didn’tagreeto③agreetodosth.同意,成做……④agreeonsth.在…….取得一樣⑤agree+句子,同意……⑥反義詞:disagree,名詞:agreement:契約,協(xié)議reach/cometo/arriveat/makeanagreementwith…onsth.與……就…….達(dá)成協(xié)議.aid:do/give/offerfirstaidtosb=do/give/offersb.firstaid對(duì)某人進(jìn)行急救;go援救某人aim:n./v.目標(biāo),目的,瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimat…=aimat…瞄準(zhǔn)……目的在于……aimsthatsth用什么瞄準(zhǔn)什么東西,aimyourgunat….,用槍瞄準(zhǔn)……aim…at…旨在…;aimtodosth目的在于做…chinahaslongbeenaleaderinthefieldofgeneticresearch____atimporovingagriculture.A.aimedB.aimingC.toaim(A)hehasaimedatenteringakeyuniversity.air:①intheair在空中,在流傳,懸而未決;ontheair在廣播中;byair乘飛機(jī)等(=byplane)lintheopenair在野外②vt.使通風(fēng),晾干airyourclothesall:all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等是總括含義代詞形容詞和副詞等,與否定詞not連用,構(gòu)成部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolong,noway等,表示否定意義的詞與確定式謂語一起運(yùn)用構(gòu)成“全部否定”.allow:①allowdoing…允許做…..②allowsb.todo….允許某人做Studentsaren’tallowed____inschool.A.tosmokeB.smoking(A)③allowfor…考慮到，體諒，顧與。Ittakesaboutanhourtogetthere,allowingforpossibletrafficdelays.④allowof…容許，容得themeetingallowsofnodelay.⑤allowsb.sth.同意給某人…….alive:loving,lovely,lovely,alive,live的區(qū)分:aliveadj.“活著的”,作后置定語,表語,補(bǔ)足語等,不作前置定語;keptstholivelive:作定語,“活的,有生命的,活生生的,生氣勃勃的,燃著的,實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”,還可作動(dòng)詞,alivefish,livecoal燃著的煤,alivefootballmatch一場(chǎng)直播的足球;aliveyoungman一個(gè)生氣勃勃的年輕人;livingadj.“有生命的,活著的”,作前置定語或表語(還可作名詞makealiving),修飾人或物,livingbeings/things生物;lively:“生動(dòng)的,活躍的,充溢生氣的”alivelyandinterestingclass;lovelyadj.可愛的alovelygirl.Whileapersonisasleep,apartofhisbrainisstill____.A.activeB.aliveC.awakeD.aware(A)Languageisa____andcontinuallychangingthing.A.liveB.aliveC.livelyD.living(D)almost:“幾乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any,no,none,never,nothing等連用,notnearly“決不,遠(yuǎn)非”=farfrom;almostnot“幾乎不”Iamfarfrom_____withwhathesaid.(A)A.satisfiedB.satisfyingC.beingsatisfiedalone:①adj.“單獨(dú)的”,作表語或補(bǔ)足語,表客觀事實(shí);lonely:“孤獨(dú)的,荒蕪的,偏僻的”,可帶感情色調(diào).②adv.單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自alone=onone’sown=byoneself單獨(dú)地,leavesb.alone別打攪某人,把某人單獨(dú)下Theoldmanlivesaloneinalonelyhouse,buthedoesn’tfeellonelybecausehecanmakealivingalone.aloud:出聲(側(cè)重,由無聲到有聲)loud大聲地(側(cè)重聲音由低到高).Pleasespeakloud.Ican’thearyouclearly.although:①conj.雖然=though,不與but,so,and連用,可與yet,still連用.②Although:常位于句首,不用倒裝;though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒裝;as常位于句首,要倒裝(即副詞,形容詞,省冠詞的名詞,動(dòng)詞原形提前),它們都接句子;inspiteof=despite是介詞短語,接名詞或動(dòng)名詞._____gettinghighmarksintheexaminations,heisstillworkinghard.A.InspiteofB.AlthoughC.ThoughD.Incaseofamaze:vt.使……感到特別驚訝.①amazesb.②beamazedatsth對(duì)……感到驚訝.③beamazedtodosth④Iwasamazed+句子.amazing表示令人驚異的事物;amazed表示人感到驚異.among:在……之間(多者);between:在……之間(兩者);betweenAandBanother:泛指多者中另外“一個(gè)或幾個(gè)”threemoreboys=anotherthreeboys;theother兩者中另外“一個(gè)”one…theother…一個(gè)……另一個(gè);theothers=theother+可復(fù):“另外一些”,指全部;others=other+可復(fù):“另外一些”,指部分Ineed____studentstohelpmecarrythebooksbesidesTomandPeter.A.threeotherB.threeanotherC.anotherthreeD.otherthree(C)answer:答復(fù),回答answertheletter/door/phone/question,answerfor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),受到報(bào)應(yīng),answeraquestion=replytoaquestion;ananswer/akeyto………的答案anxious:adj.渴望的,憂慮的(anxietyn.)beanxioustodosth.急迫做……,beanxiousfor/about.….為……擔(dān)憂,beanxious+句子(虛擬語氣);beeagertodosth..渴望做……;lookforwardtodoingsth..盼望做…….apologize:apologize(tosb.)fordoingsth./sth.=makeanapology(tosb.)fordoingsth./sth.為……向某人致歉.appear:①出現(xiàn),顯露,thesunappearedoutoftheblackcloud.②來到,露面(Hedidn’tappearuntilthemeetingalmostended.③看來(似乎)Itappears/seemstosb.that+句子=sb.appears/seemstodosth.(此結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用look)appear指從外表上看好象(=look)……;而seem指實(shí)質(zhì)上看好象……Heappearstohaveknownthenews=itappearsthathehasknownthenews.Theplaneappearsstrongerinsidethanoutside.(不用seem)④appearance:n.出現(xiàn),來到,外貌,面貌Theoldbuildingaffectstheappearanceofthecity.apply:①apply…to…把……應(yīng)用于Weshouldapplythetheorytopractice.②applyto適用于Thiskindofbooksdoesn’tapplytochildren.③apply(tosb.)for…向某從懇求/申請(qǐng)……Whenyouhaveanyquestion,pleaseapplytomeforhelp.④appilicationn.approach:v.靠近,接近.與….打交道(about);著手處理n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)argue:爭(zhēng)吵,爭(zhēng)論.著重就自己的看法或立場(chǎng)提出論證和別從辯論;而quarrel:爭(zhēng)吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不寵愛而產(chǎn)生的劇烈的爭(zhēng)論或爭(zhēng)吵;debate:辯論,爭(zhēng)論.argument:n.①argueaboutsth.爭(zhēng)吵(關(guān)于……)②arguewithsb.同……爭(zhēng)吵③arguefor/against…贊成/反對(duì)……④arguewithab.about/oversth.與某從爭(zhēng)論某事,為……與某人爭(zhēng)吵⑤argueab.Intodoingsth.～persuadesb.intodoing….勸服某人做….=persuadesb.todosth.⑥arguesth.對(duì)某事爭(zhēng)論⑦arguethat-clause:主見,認(rèn)為……arrange:vt/vi.支配,籌劃.arrangesth.Forsb.為…支配….;arrangewithsb.about/for…與…商定某事.arrangetodosth支配做….;arrangethat+句子.arrive:①vi.到達(dá)arriveat/in(大地方用in,小地方用at)…=getto(接home,here,there,省to)=reac(常指努力到達(dá))②得出arriveat/cometoaconclusion/decision得出結(jié)論,做出確定.③arrivaln.到達(dá),來到.as:①conj.像……一樣,表比較as…as…,notso…as…修飾形容詞可單時(shí),形容詞提到冠詞前,這點(diǎn)和that,how,too等一樣;但like是介詞.Hedoeshisworkashisfatherdoes(likehisfather).Heis____asMary.A.asgoodastudentB.sogoodastudentC.toogoodastudentD.asagoodstudent(A)②表方式,“依據(jù),猶如”YoumusttoeverythingasItellyou.③表時(shí)間,“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,“隨著”,和When,while的區(qū)分:while:當(dāng)……時(shí),和……同時(shí)(謂語噗持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞),而(并列連詞),雖然(從屬連詞=although);when:當(dāng)……時(shí)表“突然”.as(hewas)ayoungman,hejoinedthearmy.Astimegoeson,Ilovehermoreandmore.④表緣由,與because,since,nowthat,for,的區(qū)分:as表干脆緣由,because表真正緣由,since和nowthat表明顯的已成事實(shí)的緣由,for表推斷,⑤表讓步,“雖然,盡管”和though,although的區(qū)分(略)關(guān)系代詞,thesame(…)as…,such(…)as…,as…as…,asiswellknowntousall,asweexpect.Myhometownisnolongerthesameasitwas.Asisknowntousallmchinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory.⑦soasto…/so…asto…以至于Heraisedhisvoicesoastobeheard.so/asfaras遠(yuǎn)到……,就……而論,據(jù)…..所知,asfor至于(=asto),就……方面說;asusual像平常一樣;asitis/was事實(shí)上,既然如此;asitwere乎可以說是.Asitis,wecanhardlygettothestationby6o’clock.Thebookgives,asitwere,apoctureoftheeviloldsociety.⑧.assoonas=immediately/themiment/theminute/directly/instantly+句子…..就…..,當(dāng)……時(shí)⑨.as/solongas=onconditionthat只要,asthough=asif似乎;asmanyas+(句子或可復(fù)或和…一樣多,多達(dá);asmuchas+(句子,不行數(shù),重量,價(jià)格,數(shù)量等);aslongas長(zhǎng)達(dá);asfaras遠(yuǎn)到,就……而論.Hehasstayedhereasmanyastenyearsandearnedasmuchastenthousandpounds.⑩aswellas也,又,還有HeknowsEnglishaswell.HeaswellasIisgoingtoBeijingnextmonth.⑾…is+倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+as+adj./adv.+as…=…is+倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+比較級(jí)+than…=…is+倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)(double./twice兩倍)+thesize/length/depth/widthof…Thisrailwayisdoublethelengthofthatone=…ostwotimesaslongas…=isoncelongerthan…ashamed:adj.慚愧,害臊be/feelashamedtodosth.=be/feelashamedofdoingsth.對(duì)做某事感到慚愧,be/feelashamedforsb.替某人感到慚愧,be/feelashamedthat+句子,beashamedofoneself為自己感到害臊IfeelashamedofnothavingdonemuchforthepeoplelikeLeiFeng.ask:①asksb.aquestion問某人問題asksb.(not)todo…叫某人不做……,ask/inritesb.toameeting請(qǐng)某人到會(huì).②asksb.forsth.向某人要某物(求某事)=asksYoushouldaskyourparentsforpermissionatfirst.③askafavorofsb.要求某人幫忙④askafter…問候,探問Weshouldoftenaskafterourparents’health.⑤askfor…要求,求同Theboy’smotheraskedforhisheadteacherabouthisstudiesastonish:vt.使驚異(surprise＜amaze＜astonish＜shock)它們的用法結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,besurprisedatsth,對(duì)….感到驚訝,besurprisedtodosth.因做…感到驚訝.(surprising,surprised區(qū)分)attempt:attend:①出席,參與(=bepresentat),照料(carefor=lookafter=takecareof),上(學(xué))=gotoThenurseattendedthepatientpatiently.②attendto用心于,致力于Thestudentattendstohosstudieseveryday.③attentionn.payattentionto(doing)sth.留意…..,draw/attractone’sattention引起某人的留意.holdone’sattentionon將留意力集中于……attract:v.吸引,attract/drawone’sattention.吸引某人的留意.attractiveadj.=striking.吸引人的average:adj./n.平均(的)on(the/an)average平均來說;above/below(the)average平均水平以上/以下.Theiraverageageis20avoid:v.避開,躲開,躲避.avoidsth/doingsth.避開(做)…awake:awoke–awoke/awaked:①醒的,醒悟的,警覺的,意識(shí)到的作后置定語或表語,beaeake醒著的isheasleeporawakeBeawaketo…意識(shí)到…=awaketo=realize=beawareof…②vi./vt喚醒,醒來=wakeup,但awake可指“使覺醒,覺醒,意識(shí)到”=awaken表抽象意義.Thenationalspiritisawaken.Hedidn’tawaketothedanger.aware:adj.意識(shí)到的beawareof知道,意識(shí)到=realize;beawarethat/wh.away:goaway走開;runaway跑開;breakawayfrom脫離…..破除……;throwaway扔掉;blowaway刮走;clearaway把……清除掉;driveaway開走;getawayfrom離開某地,逃離;washaway沖走;sendaway趕走,開除;takeaway帶走;putaway收好,儲(chǔ)存;turnaway離開,把……打發(fā)走;keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離;giveaway捐贈(zèng).Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischaracterto____fromhomeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.A.runawayB.takeawayC.keepawayD.getaway(D)Bback:①adj.后面的；n.背部,背后;adv.回原處,向后;v.(使)倒退Thedriverbackedhiscaralittle.backandforth=toandfrom來來往往,前后Inspringwecanseebirdsflyingbackandforth.②atthebackof…在……的后面(范圍內(nèi)外都可),而infrontof…在……前面(范圍外),inthefrontof…(范圍內(nèi));attheheadof在……的前頭;③back不能與return,repay等連用.return=comeback,bad:①壞的,腐爛的,不正確的,嚴(yán)峻的gofrombadtoworse愈來愈糟,haveabad/hardtime日子艱難,bebad/poorat……成果不好,bebadfor…=beharmfulfor對(duì)……有害,catchabadcold重感冒,feelbad感到不舒適,gobad起先變壞②badly:adv.壞地,惡劣地,嚴(yán)峻地,(=seriously),特別(=very/extremely/highly)Iwantthenewpenbadly.bargain:①bargainwithsb.about/over/forsth.與某人討價(jià)還價(jià)買……=makeabargainwithsb.oversth.②(經(jīng)過討價(jià)還價(jià)以后)成交的商品,便宜貨It’sabargain.base:①n.基礎(chǔ),基地,依據(jù)地anairbase空軍基地,makeLondonthebaseforhiswork.②vt.基于,以……為依據(jù)(base…on/upon…;bebasedon…),但basedon…以…為基礎(chǔ),依據(jù)…=accordingto=dependingon=relyingon,常用來作狀語或定語.Onthebaseof…以…為基礎(chǔ).Scientifictheoriesmustbebasedonfacts.Thefilmwasmade____onatruelovestory.(B)A.tobebasedB.basedC.basingD.base③basic:基本的,基礎(chǔ)的;formedthebasisfor…形成了……的基礎(chǔ).basis:n.基礎(chǔ),通常表比方用法.beat:(心臟)跳動(dòng),戰(zhàn)勝(=defeat)人或隊(duì)伍,敲打(連續(xù)擊打);hie:重?fù)?一次性),攻擊(=strike);獲勝(競(jìng)賽,辯論,戰(zhàn)斗,獎(jiǎng)牌等);attack進(jìn)攻vt/n.Ourteambeattheirsandwonthematch..Astorm____thecityamdcausedmanydeaths.A.hitB.strikeC.beatD.attacked(A)because:①連詞,接句子Ourteachergotangrybecause____.A.whatIdidB.thatIwaslateC.ofwhatIsaid(C)②becauseof:=asaresultof…=onaccountof…=asaconsequenceof…復(fù)合介詞,接名詞,代詞`動(dòng)名詞\what從句等構(gòu)成介詞短語,作狀語.但一般不能作表語Theaccidentwasbecauseofhiscarelessness(×).thanksto一般可和becauseof換,但表“幸虧,多虧:等感謝時(shí)不能用becauseof,不好的事不用thanksto.Becauseoftheaccident,helosthistwolegs.(√)Owingto中owing是形容詞,因此可作表語.意思是“由于,應(yīng)歸功于…”Mary’sbreakingawayfromherfamilywasowingtoherfather’scruelty.dueto中的due是形容詞,可作表語\定語和狀語.另外,bedueto還有“應(yīng)歸于……,應(yīng)付給……按支配做…”,dueto:由…引起,由于≈becauseofI’mduetograduateinthenexthalfoftheyear.A.amabouttoB.amduetoC.amowingtoThewagesduetohimwillbepaidtomorrow.A.becoweofB.duetoC.belougstoD.onallountofbefore①:prep./adv./conj.以前,在……以前,與ago不同;在……前面表時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)(=infrontof)只表地點(diǎn)longbefore很久以前,beforelone=verysoon不久以后。②Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before+一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/itwas+一段時(shí)間+before+一般過去時(shí)“多久以后就……”Itwillbetwomothsbeforewemeetagain.兩周后人們才會(huì)再見面。ItwasnotlongbeforeIsawheragain.不久以后我又見到了她。Hewillbebackbefore7:00thisevening._____shewillbebackhomeforherglasses.A.itislongbeforethatB.itwillbelongbeforeC.itwon’tbelongbeforeD.itisbeforelongthat(D)begin:起先，beginwith…以后…起先。inthebeginning起初，當(dāng)時(shí)；Atthebeginningof…在……之初。believe:信任,認(rèn)為(指信任某人的話=havefaithin…但havefaithin還有“信仰”之意.);believein=trustin信任某人(人格,實(shí)力等),信奉;trustsb.信任(某人的實(shí)力),believe+句子belong:vi.屬于(無進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)),belongtosb.Thependoesn’tbelongto___.A.meB.mine(A)Chinaisacountrybelongingtothethirdworld.benefit:①vt.benefitsb.對(duì)……有益,有益于②benefitfrom…從中得益③n.利益=goods=interestsThepeopleinJinTanghavebenefitedfromChengduWildlifeWorld.=ChengduWildlifeWorldhasbenefitedthepeopleinJinTang.besides:①“除……之外(還有……)”=aswellas=inadditionto,除去的內(nèi)容包括在整體之內(nèi);except:“除……之外(不再有)”,除去的內(nèi)容不包含在整體之內(nèi),不位于句首;exceptfor:除去的內(nèi)容與整體不同類;except+that/what等引導(dǎo)的句子;apartfrom:相當(dāng)于but,except和exceptfor,但apartfrom不接句子和不定式;but=except,但but后可接不定式(but前有do或choose的形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否則不省to),except后可接句子,這時(shí)不能和其它幾個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換,butfor“要不是……”,用于虛擬語氣中.doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguagebesidesEnglishThisisagoodcompositionexceptforsomemistakes.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatsometimeshecomeslatetoschool.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexam.Wehadnochoicebuttowaitforher.Hecoulddonothingformebutgivemealittlemoney.Hecouldnotchooseanythingbut____.A.waitB.towaitC.waiting(A)②adv.而且,另外=andanotherthing=inaddition=moreover作插入語,常用“,”分開.Besides,weshouldpracticeEnglisheveryday.beyond:prep.在…的那一邊,超過(時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度)beyondone’sunderstanding/power/dream/imagination/reach/hopeThequestionisbeyondmyunderstanding.bit:①abit=alittle+adj./adv.一點(diǎn),一些Ifeelalittletirednow.但abitof=alittle+不行數(shù)名詞,notabit=notatall毫不;notalittle=verymuch特別Aren’tyoutirednow---___.Notalittle.A.YesB.No(A)留意像這種否定疑問句,還有否定轉(zhuǎn)移句和前否后肯的反意句均要依據(jù)實(shí)際狀況選擇yes/no.blame:vt./n.責(zé)怪,指責(zé)blamesth.on/uponsb.=blamesb.forsth.=lay/puttheblame0n/uponsb.forsth.把……歸咎于其人,因……而責(zé)怪某人。beblamedfor(doing)sth.=betoblamefor…Whoistoblameforbreakingthewindow.(=Whowillbeblamed…)區(qū)分：scoldv./n責(zé)罵，怒罵，訓(xùn)斥scoldsb.forsth;punishv.懲處，痛擊punishsb.forsth.criticize:v.指責(zé)，批判，評(píng)論，criticizesb.forsth,;remark:評(píng)論，談?wù)?，remarkonsth.,remarkabout/atsb,;book:bookaticket(room,hotel,seat),booksb.onsth.為某人訂……;order:訂購,定做……,點(diǎn)(菜,飯,飲料,票);reserve預(yù)定(座位,房間等)bore:使某人厭煩。boresb;boresb.todeath;beboredwith=betiredof=befedupwith…厭倦……;bored:厭煩的;boring:令人厭煩的。borrow:借進(jìn)，borrowsthfrom…;lend:借出lendsth.tosb.=lendsb.sth;borrow和lend都是終止性動(dòng)詞，持續(xù)性用keep.HowlongcanI____yourbookA.keepB.borrowC.lend(A)both:adj./pron.兩者都，用在否定句中和all,everyon等表部分否定。both…and…,反義用neither…nor…;all:多者都，allofthestudents=allthestudents≠allstudents,反義用noneof…;everyakj.每個(gè)，多者中的每個(gè)；each:akj./pron.每個(gè)，兩個(gè)或多個(gè)中的每個(gè)；either:adj./pron.兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)；any:adj./pron.多個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)。____apairofnewshoes.A.WeeachhasB.EachofushaveC.Weeachhave(Cbreak:①vt.打破，打碎，打斷，違反，breakanagreement/appointment,breakthelaw/glass②vi./n.（天）破曉，破產(chǎn)（工作，課間）休息。haveabreak③breakawayfrom…脫身，擺脫，脫離，放棄；breakdown:vt./vi打破，破除，坍塌，拋錨，（支配）不勝利，（身體）垮，分解，拆散（機(jī)器）；breakin闖入，打斷(on/upon…),don’tbreakinontheirconversation.Breakinto…闖入，突然……起來,break/burstintotears/laughter=burstoutcrying/laughing;breakintopiece(使)成碎片;breakoff:突然停止,解除;breakoutvi.爆發(fā);breakthrough:突圍,沖破;breakup:瓦解,驅(qū)散,分散,(學(xué)校)放假;break(up)with與……斷交,戒掉。Ifhecontinuestoworklikethis,soonerorlaterhewill____.breakoffB.breakdownC.breakoutD.breakup(B)breakthroughn.突破，沖破防線；突破性的發(fā)覺，成就madeagreatbreakthroughin…在…取得突破。bring:①帶來，對(duì)說話者而言；take帶走；get=fetch去拿來,carry遠(yuǎn)走（指教重的東西，無方向）dcarryon(with)=goonwith=continue(with)…接著……。②bringin引進(jìn)，汲??；bringabout=cause/leadto/resultin帶來，導(dǎo)致;bringup培育，嘔吐，提高；bringdownvt.擊落，降低（溫度，物價(jià)）=cut(down)=reduce=lower,反義bringup=raise=increase,而goup=rise=grow=increasevi.;bringon使發(fā)展，使前進(jìn)；bringout拿出(=take/getout);使顯出，出版(=putout/publishvt.comeoutvi.);bringforward=comeupwith=putforward=raise提出weshouldbringinhigh-techfromdevelopedcountries.broad:adj.Broaden:vt.Broadenone’shorizons/sight:enlargeone’sknowledge.build:①建立，建立，建設(shè)，修建，buildone’sbody,buildsocialism,buildastate/aparty,build用修建較大的工程；make:造較小的東西；putup:建立直立的東西。不能說putupareservoir/aroad/arailway等；setup:建立，含機(jī)構(gòu)的組建，setupaschool/ahospital/acountry.②buildon/upon:依靠，希望don’tbuildonhispromise.build…on…≈base…on…把……建立于……Heoftenbuildshishopesonothers’promises.他常把希望寄予在別人的諾言上。Buildup:逐步建立起來，Hebuiltupone’sbusiness/reputation.漸漸做大生意/漸漸出名。burn:燃燒，燒傷，煉制，曬，辣burngas,燒煤氣,getburnt/prepared/hort燒傷，曬傷，burnbricks燒磚，Iburnedmytonguewithpeppers.burndown=burnsth.totheground把……燒成平地。burnup:燒起來，燒掉，消耗掉；burnout:vi/vt.熄滅，燃料用完。burst:裂開，爆炸，宛若發(fā)生，thehallburstintothunderouscheers.大廳里爆發(fā)出的歡呼聲。burstintotears/laughter=burstloutcrying/laughing突然大哭起來，burstwithanger勃然大怒，burstintotheroom=breakintotheroom,闖入房間。busy:a.忙（碌）的。bebusywithsth.=beoccupiedwith…忙于……;bebusydoing…=beoccupiedindoing…忙于做……。but:①若不,除非butfor+名詞=but+that+句子:“要不是”,主名用虛擬語氣,用過去完成時(shí)表過去;一般過去了是表現(xiàn)在。Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.=Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworkbutthatyouhelpedme.=ifyouhad’thelpedme,Iwould’t…②but:并列連詞，指前后兩者相反，位于句首;however:副詞，位于句中或句末，用逗號(hào)分開，但作連詞時(shí)等于nomatterhow，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；while:然而，僅次于句首，但表并列關(guān)系；though:adjv.僅次于句末，用逗號(hào)分開。IlikeEnglish,butmybrotherlikesmaths.=IlikeEnglish.However,mybrotherlikesmaths.=IlikeEnglish.Mybrotherlikesmaths,though.≈IlikeEnglish,whilemybrotherlikesmaths.Heisagoodstudent,____heisworkinghard.(B)Heisagoodstudent,____heisn’tworkinghard.(A)Heisagoodstudent.Heisworkinghard,____(D)A.butB.whileC.howeverD.though③除之外but≈except(見besides）④僅僅=only⑤but后可接不定式（but前有do,choose的動(dòng)詞形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否則不省to）,except后可接句子，這時(shí)不能轉(zhuǎn)換cannotbutdosth.=can’tchoosebutdosth.不得不做……h(huán)ehasnochoicebuttogivein.by:①在……旁,(遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系:beside＜by＜near)②經(jīng),由,經(jīng)過……的旁邊,用,通過(方式,手段等,不用冠詞,不用復(fù)數(shù))comebywater/car/train③不遲于,到…為止,留意時(shí)態(tài):到過去某一時(shí)間為止,用過去完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí);到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止用一般將來時(shí)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)。Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytheendofnextmonth.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastmonth.Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearnedthreeforeignlanguages.④按，依據(jù)，以……計(jì)What’sthetimebyyourwatchThey’llbep[aidbythehour.(bytheton,bythemonth,bytime,byweight)⑤相差Hemissedthetrainbytenminutes.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolincreasedby30%.⑥onebyone.一個(gè)一個(gè)地,twobytwo兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地;byandby不久以后;byfar(修飾比較級(jí)’最高級(jí),強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量’程度)……得多,最……Heismorecarefulbyfarthantheothersinhisclassandheisalsobyfarthetalleststudentamongthem.bytheway順便說一下;byoneself=alone=onone’sown單獨(dú)地Ccall:①叫喚,叫,稱呼,召集,打,探望callsbsth.callaspadeaspade.說啥是啥，直言不諱；Wecallthefatboy“meatball”callsb.(up)=ringsb.(up)=telephonesb.=givesb.acall/ring=makeaphone/calltosb.給某人打。receive/getalong-distancephonefromsb.接到某人的長(zhǎng)途。②callonsb./atsw.探望……dropinonsb./atsw.順便探望,visitsb./sw.=payavisittosb./sw.探望(較正式),seesb.探望某人;callback收回,回;callfor:須要(=need),提倡,邀約,callforsb.togotothecinema約某人去看電影,callforhelp呼救;callin:請(qǐng)(=sendfor)callinadoctor請(qǐng)醫(yī)生;calloff:把……叫走,取消。Thefootballmatchwascalledoffonaccountoftheweather.Callon:號(hào)召，探望callonsb.todosth;號(hào)召某人做；oncall:隨叫隨到的，待命的，隨時(shí)可支取的。Hehasalotofmoneyoncallatanytime.care:①n.當(dāng)心，謹(jǐn)慎，關(guān)懷，takecare(of)=becareful(of)=lookout(for)=watchout(for).②管理underthecareofsb.由某人負(fù)責(zé)/管理。n③.carefor:擔(dān)憂，關(guān)懷，照看，寵愛，情愿，careforone’ssafety,carefortheyoungergeneration,careforthefootballgame;careabout:講究，關(guān)切(=beconcernedabout=carefor).careaboutone’sclothes;takecareof:照看，照料(=carefor=lookafter).保管；leave…inone’scare:把……交由某人照管。④care:v.care+句子。Idon’tcarew