新編英語教程第三版unit8cultivatingahobby省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎PP

CaltivatingaHobbyWinstonChurchillByGroup1--Special1/32PresentationPlanIntroductionoftheauthor--CheyenneSomerelevantinformationaboutthetopic--VivianMainidea&organization--RubyExplanationofwords&sentencesintext1--ClaireThemetaphor&useofsynonymousexpressions--Nicole2/32Churchill'sfamilyChurchill'sfather

wasapolitician;andhismother

wasthedaughterofAmericanmillionaire.HiswifewasClementineHozier.Theyhavefivechildren:Diana,Randolf,Sarah,Marigold,Mary3/32Churchill'personallifebornin1874,diedin1965attheageof7,hewassenttoindependentschool(naughty,badatstudy,worststudent)in1893,heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege,SandhurstinFebruary1895,commissionedasasecondlieutenantinthe4thQueen'sOwnHussars(第四驃騎兵團任中尉)4/32SirWinstonChurchilloneoftheoutstangdingleaderintheworldhistoryandoneofthegreatBritishprimeministersprolificwriteramateurpainter5/32Churchill'personallife--asaproloficwriter

in1897,threebrigadesoftheBritishArmyfoughtagainstaPashtuntribeintheNorthWestFrontierofIndia--duringthiscampaign,hefoughtunderthecommandofGeneralJefferyandalsowrotearticlesforthenewspapersThePioneer《加爾各答先驅(qū)報》andTheDailyTelegraph《每日電訊報》basedonthosearticlesandthecampaignexperiences,hepublishedhisfirstbookTheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce《馬拉坎德野戰(zhàn)軍紀實》6/32Churchill'personallife--asaprolificwriterin1899,duringtheSecondBoerWar,hewascapturedthenescapedfromtheprisoncampalone,whichmadehimaminornationalheroforatimeinBritainfrom1903to1905,ChurchillwasengagedinwritingLordRandolphChurchill,atwo-volumebiographyofhisfatherin1908,MyTriptoAfricawaspublishedin1930,MyEarlyLifewaspubilshed7/32Churchill'personallife--asaprolificwriter

in1953,hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature"forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues"later,twoofhismostfamousworkswerepublished--TheSecondWorldWar&AHistoryoftheEnglish-SpeakingPeoples8/32Churchill'personallife--asanamateurpainterChurchillwasanaccomplishedartistandtookgreatpleasureinpainting.Hesaidhefoundahaveninarttoovercomethespellsofdepressionwhichhesufferedthroughouthislife.Churchillwaspersuadedandtaughttopaintbyhisartistfriend,PaulMaze,whomhemetduringtheFirstWorldWar.PaulwasagreatinfluenceonChurchill'spaintingandbecamehislifelongpaintingcompanion.9/32AmericasMostPopularHobbies

10.WatchingTV9.Sports10/328.Reading7.Computergames11/326.Socialsurfing5.Music12/324.Traveling3.Movie13/322.Shopping1.Thinking14/32Top10MostPopularHobbiesof10.

Sewing9.

TinkeringwithTechnology8.

Socialnetworking7.

Artsandcrafts6.

Photography

5.

Onlineshopping

4.PlayingVideogames3.

Sports2.

Baking

1.

Travel

15/32MainideaThisthemeoftheessayistherolehobbiesplayinrelaxingthemindofrational,industriousandusefulhumanbeings.Thepurposeistoemphasizetheimportanceofcultivatingarightlychosenhobby.16/32OrganizationofthetextSection1(para.1-2):Raisingthetopic:explainingwhatworryisandtheimportanceofahobbyinattenuating(減弱)worryPara.1:explainthenotionof“worry”,butsomethingelseisimpliedby“insinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp”and“illuminationofanotherfieldofinterest”Para.2:thesisstatement:“Thecultivationofahobbyandnewformsofinterestisthereforeapolicyoffirstimportancetoapublicman”.17/32Section2(para.3-5):ClassifyinghumanbeingsintothreecategoriesandemphasizingtheimportanceofhobbiestothemPara.3-4:theclassificationofhumanbeingsintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath;thosewhoareworriedtodeath;andthosewhoareboredtodeath.(Para.4:Fortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,themosthopefulpathisdisciplineinoneformoranother.)18/32Para.5:theclassificationofrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsintotwoclassesandtheneedofhobbiestothem:thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure,andthosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.19/32Explanationofwords&sentences1.spasm[?sp?z?m]:cramp;asuddenstrongfeeling痙攣；一陣發(fā)作e.g.muscularspasmfacialspasm

aspasmofanger/excitement/grief2.letsb.go:releasee.g.letthehostagesgo

letsth.go:stopworryingaboutsth.e.g.It’stimetoletthepastgo.20/32Explanationofwords&sentences3.

futile[?fju:ta?l]:unsuccessful,ineffectivee.g.Theireffortstorevivehimwerefutile.4.insinuate[?n?s?njue?t]:introducesth.indirectlyandsubtlye.g.AreyouinsinuatingthatI'mnottellingthetruth?5.convulsive[k?n?v?ls?v]:sudden,violent,uncontrollablee.g.Sheburstintoaconvulsivesobs.6.undue[??n?dju:]:excessivee.g.Anyexercisethatcausesundueshortnessofbreathshouldbestopped.21/32Explanationofwords&sentences7.recuperation[r??ku:p?'re??n]:recovery,restorationtohealthe.g.Afterseveraldays'recuperationinhospital,grandmafeelsmuchbetternow.8.policy:strategye.g.TheWhiteHouseannouncedthatthepolicyisunderreview.9.improvise[??mpr?va?z]:dowithoutpreparation,doonthespote.g.IwasaskedtomakeaspeechwhenIgotthere,soIhadtoimprovise.22/32Explanationofwords&sentences10.command:havecontrolof,bemasterofe.g.Hecommandsalargesumofmoney.11.sedulously['sedj?l?sl?]:diligently,assiduously孜孜不倦地e.g.Thisillusionhasbeensedulouslyfostered.12.vivify:givevitalityandvividnessto,refresh使有生氣，使活躍vivifyingfruits:resultsthatgiveonerefreshmentandrelaxation23/32Explanationofwords&sentences13.aggravate[??gr?ve?t]:tomakeworseormoretroublesomee.g.Thechild'sconditionhadbeenaggravatedsincetheoperation,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.14.toil:worktoohardforalongtime辛勤勞作 e.g.I’vebeentoilingawayatthethisessayallweekend.15.trifling[?tra?fl??]:adj.ofslightworthorimportancee.g.Itisnotriflingmatter.Itisserious.16.gratify[?gr?t?fa?]:togivewatisdesiredto,tosatisfye.g.Hisachievementgratifiedhisfather.24/32Explanationofwords&sentences17.caprice[k??pri:s]:whim,fancifulidea,asuddenunreasonablechangeofminde.g.Heactednotfromreason,butfromcaprice.18.layone’shandon:have…withinreach,get,obtain19.satiation[?se???'e??n]:thestateofbeingsatisfactorilyfull;theactofachievingfullgratificatione.g.Relieffrompainisevenmorerewardingthansatiation.25/32Explanationofwords&sentences20.frantic[?fr?nt?k]:hurried,notwell-organizede.g.I'vehadafranticrushtogetmyworkdone.21.avenge[??vend?]:dosomethingtohurtorpunishsomeonebecausetheyaveharmedoroffenedyouavengesth./sb.為…報仇avengehiscomrades/hisbrother’sdeath22.clatter[?kl?t?]:arattlingsound;alouddisturbance;noisytalk26/32Explanationofwords&sentences23.sustenance[?s?st?n?ns]:foodthatkeeppeoplestrongandhealthye.g.Wederiveoursustenancefromtheland.24.keenappetite:strongdesire25.grudge[gr?d?]:hate,resent;do,giveoracceptsth.unwillingly不滿；怨恨e.g.Ireallygrudgepayingsomuchforsuchbadfood.Hegrudgeseverypennyhehastospend.27/32Explanationofwords&sentences26.absorbing:intenselyinterestinge.g.anabsorbingtale27.banish[?b?n??]:driveout,dismisse.g.Theytriedtobanishhimfrompolitics.28/32MetaphorExampleⅠAlltheworld'sastage,

Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;

Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;

WilliamShakespeare,AsYouLikeIDefinition:A

figureofspeech

inwhichanimpliedcomparisonismadebetweentwounlikethingsthatactuallyhavesomethingincommon.ⅡTheseedsmustbecarefullychosen;theymustfallongoodground;theymustbesedulouslytended,ifthevivifyingfruitsaretobeathandwhenneeded.

WinstonChurchill,CultivatingaHobby29/32Metaphor&SimilarDefinitionofSimilar:Afigureofspeechinwhichtwofundamentallyunlikethingsareexplicitlycompared,usuallyinaphraseintroducedbylikeor

as.Difference:"Asimileisalsoametaphor;forthereislittledifference:whenthepoetsays,'Herushedasalion,'itisasimile,but'Thelionrushed'[withlionreferringtoaman]wouldbeametaphor;sincebotharebrave,heusedametaphor[i.e.,asimile]andspokeofAchillesasalion.

-------

(Aristotle,Rhetoric,BookThree,Chapter4.TranslatedbyGeorgeA.Kennedy,Aristotle,OnRhetoric:ATheoryofCivicDiscourse.OxfordUniversityPress,1991)30/32SynonymousExpressionDefinition:Usesynonymouslyvarietyofwordsandphrasestoreplacethosewhichhaveto