初中英語語法之定語從句課件省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎?wù)n件

定語從句(Attributiveclause)1/44一.定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用詞、短語（動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中慣用‘……’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任，另外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語也能夠來擔(dān)任，也能夠由一個句子來擔(dān)任。作定語時通常放在它所修飾詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾詞之后，作后置定語。2/441.概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞句子.

普通緊跟在它所修飾先行詞之后。(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautifulgirl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容詞作定語句子作定語,修飾girl,叫做定語從句二.定語從句3/441.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:

Theman

whoisspeakingatthemeeting

isafarmer.4/44Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并為一個句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.5/44先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Maryisagirl

who

haslonghair.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when，why2.結(jié)構(gòu)：

先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾詞叫先行詞。通常位于定語從句之前。4.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞作用A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成份6/44

關(guān)系詞通常有以下三個作用：A、___________；B、_____________；C、________________________。The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

定語從句先行詞關(guān)系詞“who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the

man，在定語從句中作主語。引導(dǎo)定語從句代替先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成份7/44三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語1)Theboys____areplayingsoccerarefromClass1.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____losthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，在口語和非正式語體中慣用who代替，?？墒÷浴r.Liuistheperson_____________youtalkedabout.2)Theman______________youmetjustnowismyfriend.(whom/who)who/whomwhowho8/443.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

1)Thepeople__________cometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主語)2)Whereistheman__________________Isawthismorning?(做賓語)做主語做賓語that/whothat/whom/who9/44小結(jié)：that:既可指人,也可指物.作主語,不能省略；作賓語,能夠省略。which:指物,作主語,不能省略;作賓語,能夠省略.who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略,（慣用whom）

10/44注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句謂語動詞形式由先行詞定.1)I’mreadingabookthat/which__aboutBillGates.2)Heisateacherwho/that________usChinese.3)Theboyswho___playingsoccerarefromClass1.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriend_______fatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_______roofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)坍毀了房子里。isteachesarewhosewhose11/44四.修飾物體時關(guān)系代詞that和

which區(qū)分(一)不用that情況1.在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。

1)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(___)2)Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(____)2.介詞后不能用。

1)Wedependonthelandfrom______wegetourfood.2)Wedependontheland_____________wegetourfoodfrom.錯對whichthat/which12/44(二)只能用that作為定語從句關(guān)系代詞情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時。如：

1)Have

you

taken

down

everything

___

Mr.

Li

said?

李老師講你都記下來嗎？

2)All

____

can

be

done

has

been

done.

全部能做都做好了。

3)There

is

little

_____I

can

do

for

you.

我不能為你干什么。thatthatthat

13/44注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶然也可用關(guān)系代who，如：

1)Any

man

__________

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

dosuch

a

thing.

任何有責(zé)任感人都不會做這么事。

2)All

the

guests___________

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

全部應(yīng)邀來參加她婚禮客人都是主要人物。that

/

who

that

/

who14/442．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：

The

first

place

______

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

在倫敦他們參觀第一個地方是大本鐘。3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

This

is

the

best

film______

I

have

ever

seen.

這是我看過最好電影。that

that15/444．當(dāng)先行詞被the

very,

the

only,thelast修飾時。

1)This

is

the

very

dictionary

_____

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買詞典。

2)After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

_____

he

owns.

家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過后，那輛舊車成了他唯一擁有。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶然也可用關(guān)系代詞who。

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

______

will

attend

the

meeting.

王華是我校唯一出席會議人。thatthatwho16/445．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。如：

1)Who

is

the

man_____

is

standing

by

the

gate?

站在門口那個人是誰？

2)Which

is

the

T-shirt

______

fits

me

most?

哪件T恤衫最合我身？6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與物時。如：

1)They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

________

they

remembered

at

school

他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鹪谛r人和事。

2)Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

______

are

walking

up

the

street.

瞧瞧那個沿街走來人和他

毛驢。

thatthatthatthat17/44Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/that3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.which/thatwhose18/444.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that19/447.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthat20/44句子翻譯1.這就是救了那個孩子命醫(yī)生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步那個人是我叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.21/443.我喜歡能夠隨之而唱音樂.IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.4.住在隔壁那個女是一名教師.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.22/44Exercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that23/445.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當(dāng)先行詞同時指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.24/44Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.25/444.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時，或中心詞指人或物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat26/44where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點定語從句。1)Shanghaiisthecity_______Iwasborn.=>Shanghaiisthecity_______wasbornin.2)Thehouse_______Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Thehouse_______Ilivedintenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why在句中作狀語。wherewhichwherewhich27/442.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語

也可做連接詞用.Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametotheschool.2)Thetime______wegottogetherfinallycame.3.why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereason______youmissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.whenwhenwhywhy28/44六.關(guān)系副詞when,where和關(guān)系代詞that,which區(qū)分一樣是修飾一個地點，有時使用where，有時使用that/which；一樣是修飾一個時間，有時使用when，有時使用that/which。這主要看兩點：一是定語從句是否完整；二是定語從句中謂語動詞是否是一個及物動詞。請比較以下句子：29/441)Thisisthepark______wevisitedlastyear.2)Thisisthepark______weheldabirthdayparty.3)Shewon’tforgetthedays_____shespentontheisland.4)Shewon’tforgetthedays_______theystayedtogether.5)That’sthedate_______wewenttothecollege.6)That’sthedate_____shewon’tforgetforever.7)Ilikethetime______welivedtogether.8)Ilikethetime______wehadtogether.

thatwherethat

whenwhenthatwhenthat30/442.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和“介詞+which”之間關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞when,where,why能夠用“適當(dāng)介詞+which”來替換。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介詞位置非常靈活，有時放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。31/44(1)Thereason_______________herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyear________________hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Thisistheroom____________________Ilived.=Thisistheroom__________Ilivedin.(4)Tomstillremembersthedays______________

theylivedinTianjin.Why()when()where()inwhichinwhichforwhichwhichwhen(

)inwhich32/44注意：1）介詞后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）一些在從句中充當(dāng)初間，地點或原因狀語"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)能夠同關(guān)系副when,where和why交換。

33/441)Thisisthehouse_________Ilivedtwoyearsago.=>ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.2)Doyouremembertheday＿＿＿＿＿youjoinedourclub?=>Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3)Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.=>Thisisthereason____________hecamelate.inwhichonwhichforwhich34/44Exercise1.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat2.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that35/441.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why36/443.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why37/445.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why38/44一.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronounsandadverbs..1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin______youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.thatwhichthatthatthat39/446.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,______wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.9.Isthistheroom____youcleanedlasttime?10.Isthistheroom______welivedbefore?11.Thisi