2015年高考英語(yǔ)二輪閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí)資料及復(fù)習(xí)題4

.::;eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())Ⅰ.體驗(yàn)高考Passage1體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：科學(xué)研究時(shí)間：6分鐘(2021·廣東卷，D)Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流)．Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience，hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes－about60,000intotal－fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded，hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing(海灘搜索)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere，andasaresult，thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata，heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents，andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork，Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts，with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種研究洋流的特別方式。1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．fittingrooms B．tradingfairsC．businesstalks D．groupmeetings解析詞義猜想題。由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear，特別是sell，可知是建立交易市場(chǎng)，應(yīng)選B。答案B2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout________.A．whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment〞可知，選C。答案C3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem(seriousbeachcombers)andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后幾句可知，選A，“通過(guò)海灘清理者搜集信息〞。答案A4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知，選D。答案D5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.解析主旨大意題。文章主題句在第一段，即However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage，由此可知選C。答案CPassage2體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：旅鴿時(shí)間：6分鐘(2021·課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Passengerpigeons(旅鴿)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驅(qū)散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文表達(dá)了旅鴿逐步消失的過(guò)程。1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.A．werethebiggestbirdintheworldB．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段所述在18和19世紀(jì)，美國(guó)大群的旅鴿飛起來(lái)可以遮住天空幾個(gè)小時(shí)，所以美國(guó)旅鴿的數(shù)量是最大的，應(yīng)選D。答案D2．Theunderlinedword“undoing〞probablyreferstothepigeons'________.A．escape B．ruinC．liberation D．evolution解析詞義猜想題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands〞可知旅鴿遭到捕殺，所以ruin和undoing詞義類似，應(yīng)選B。答案B3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A．Toseekpleasure. B．Tosaveotherbirds.C．Tomakemoney. D．Toprotectcrops.解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants〞可知旅鴿遭到捕殺的主要原因是捕殺者要賺錢。應(yīng)選C。答案C4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C．Itwasunfair.D．Itwasstrict.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years〞可知通過(guò)法律后的10年，鴿群數(shù)量仍然不多，所以制定法律為時(shí)已晚，應(yīng)選B。答案BⅡ.仿真、模仿Passage1體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：衛(wèi)生保健時(shí)間：7分鐘(2021·鷹潭一中月考)FiveBoomingCareersinHealthCareLovingwhatyoudoisgreat，butknowingyourcareerwillbetheretomorrowisevenbetter.Andwhenitcomestoboomingfields，thehealthcareindustryisonethat'sprimedforgrowth.Wanttopreparetotakeyourplaceinthehealthcarefield？Checkoutthesefivein-demandhealthcarecareers.Career1MedicalandHealthServicesManagerIfyouwanttotakeyourleadershipskillsintothegrowinghealthcarefield，considerpursuingacareerasamedicalandhealthservicesmanager.Asamedicalandhealthservicesmanageryoumightplan，direct，andorganizehealthservicesinanentirehealthcarefacility，oraspecificdepartmentorclinicalarea，saysU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Dailydutiescouldincludehandlingafacility'sfinances，creatingworkschedules，andmakingsurethathealthcareservicesaredeliveredefficiently.Career2MedicalAssistantIfyouareinterestedinworkinginadoctor'soffice，considerpreparingforacareerinthein-demandfieldofmedicalassisting.Asamedicalassistant，youcouldplayaroleinhelpingpatients'visitsgosmoothlyfromwhentheyfirstwalkinthedoor.Yourdutiesmightincludemeasuringvitalsigns，assistingthephysicianwithexaminations，recordinghealthinformation，andschedulingappointments，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career3RegisteredNurseReadytoputyourhelpfulnaturetouseinthelargesthealthcarefield？Lookintopreppingtopursueacareerinregisterednursing.Asaregisterednurse，youcouldworkcloselywithpatientsbyprovidingcare，education，andemotionalsupport.Youmightgivepatientsmedicinesandtreatments，observetheirconditions，orperformdiagnostic(診斷的)tests，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career4PhysicalTherapistAssistantWanttoenteranin-demandhealthcarefieldwhereyoucouldreallyplayahands-onroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality？Ifso，acareerasaphysicaltherapistassistantcouldbeagoodfit.Underthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist，youcouldhelppatientsregainmovementastheyrecoverfrominjuries，illnesses，orsurgery.Yourroleintherehabilitationprocesscouldincludeassistingpatientswithtechniques(massage，stretching)andtherapeuticmethodslikeelectricalstimulationandmechanicaltraction，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career5PharmacyTechnicianPreferahealthcarecareerthatislesshands-on？Considerpursuingacareerinthegrowingpharmacytechnicianfield.Pharmacytechnicianscanberesponsibleforcountingpills，fillingprescriptions，providingcustomerservice，andfulfillingadministrativetasksunderthesupervisionofalicensedpharmacist，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文客觀介紹了關(guān)于衛(wèi)生保健中五種職業(yè)。1．Asamedicalassistant，yourdutiesmightNOTinclude________.A．a(chǎn)ssistingthephysicianwithexaminationsB．recordinghealthinformationC．schedulingappointmentsD．providingcustomerservice解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)職業(yè)二醫(yī)務(wù)助理我們可以判斷出答案。答案D2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaphysicaltherapistassistant?A．He/Shecanhelppatientsgainmovementastheyareintheillness.B．His/Herfunctionincludesassistingpatientsandprovidingcustomerservice.C．His/Herdutymightincludemeasuringvitalsignsandrecordinghealthinformation.D．He/Shecouldplayapracticalroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)職業(yè)四助理理療師中的第一段，可得出答案D。答案D3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rehabilitation〞mean?A．Theprocessofimprovingorbecomingstronger.B．Theprocessofcuttingapartofaperson'sbodyinordertoremoveorrepairadamagedpart.C．Theprocessofrecordingsomebody'snameonanofficiallist.D．Theprocessofhelpingsomebodytohaveanormallifeagainaftertheyhavebeenillforalongtime.解析猜想詞義題。根據(jù)上下文我們可以猜想出這個(gè)單詞的意思是“康復(fù)，恢復(fù)〞。答案D4．Whatisvitalforphysicaltherapistassistantsandpharmacytechnicianstoperformtheirduties?A．Thenatureofhelpingothers.B．Knowledgeofmedicineandhealthcare.C．Theabilityofinterpersonalcommunication.D．Thesupervisionofalicenseddoctor.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)職業(yè)四助理理療師中的第二段第一句和職業(yè)五藥品技師的第二段可知，雖然A、B、C三項(xiàng)都是成為醫(yī)藥工作者所必需的素質(zhì)，但是最關(guān)鍵的前提是有帶執(zhí)照的醫(yī)師的監(jiān)視，應(yīng)選D。答案D5．Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A．introducefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareB．persuadeyoutogointofiveboomingcareersinhealthcareC．a(chǎn)dvocatefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareD．classifyhealthcareintofivecareers解析主旨大意題。本文客觀介紹了關(guān)于衛(wèi)生保健中五種職業(yè)，并沒(méi)有勸說(shuō)讀者去從事這些工作。答案APassage2體裁：記敘文話題：逸聞趣事時(shí)間：7分鐘Therewasonceatinycountrythatwassufferingfromalongdrought.Ithadgonesolongwithoutrainthatthepeopletherewerestartingtogohungrybecauseofthebadharvests.Itjustsohappenedthatagroupofmusiciansweretravelingthecountry，tryingtomakealivingfromtheirconcerts.Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.“Butmusiccanhelpovercomeanyproblems，〞saidthemusicians，withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.Sothemusicianstriedtofindoutthereasonitwouldn'train.Itwasverystrange，becausetheskywasovercast，butnoonecouldprovideananswer.“It'sbeencloudylikethisformanymonths，butnotasingledropofrainhasfallen，〞peopletoldthem.“Don'tworry，we'llbringraintothecountry，〞themusiciansresponded，andtheybeganrehearsingforaconcertatthesummitofthehighestmountain.Everyonewhoheardthemusicwasseizedbycuriosityandwentupthemountain.Andtheconductorofthisstrangeorchestragavetheorder，andthemusiciansbegantoplay.Fromtheirinstrumentscamesmall，playfulmusicalnotesthatroseandroseintotheclouds.Themusicwassojoyous，happyandfun，andthenotesstartedplayingwiththeclouds'soft，fluffybellies，runninghereandthere，upanddown，andthewholeskyturnedintoonebiggameoftickletorture.Beforelong，thegiantcloudswerethunderingwithlaughter.Themusicianscontinuedplayingjoyfullyandafewminuteslatertheclouds，cryingwithlaughter，soakedthelittlecountrybelowwiththeirprecioustears，bringinghappinesstoall.Andinmemoryofthatmusicalrain，everyoneinthecountrylearnedhowtoplayaninstrumentand，takingturns，wouldgoupthemountaineverydaytobringjoytothecloudswiththeirbeautifulsongs.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】一個(gè)干旱已久的小國(guó)，卻因?yàn)橐魳?lè)家們的到來(lái)，改變了他們的命運(yùn)——音樂(lè)家通過(guò)在山頂上演奏音樂(lè)，從而為當(dāng)?shù)亟迪铝烁柿?。為了紀(jì)念那場(chǎng)音樂(lè)雨，人們開(kāi)場(chǎng)學(xué)習(xí)音樂(lè)，并輪流到山上為云彩演奏音樂(lè)。1．Whydidthecountryhavethebadharvests?A．Becauseit'stoohot. B．Becauseit'stoocold.C．Becauseit'stoowet. D．Becauseit'stoodroughty.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知那個(gè)國(guó)家歉收的原因是因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期干旱少雨，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。答案D2．What'stheattitudeofthepeopletowardthemusicians?A．Active. B．Energetic.C．Cold. D．Enthusiastic.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.〞和“withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.〞可以推出人們對(duì)音樂(lè)家們的態(tài)度是冷淡的。應(yīng)選C。答案C3．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Cloudy B．RainyC．Sunny D．Windy解析詞義猜想題。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'sbeencloudylikethis...〞可以推出overcast的意思與cloudy意思一樣。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。答案A4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Greatmusicians B．MusicforthecloudsC．Laughingclouds D．Musicrehearsing解析標(biāo)題概括題。本文主要講述了音樂(lè)家通過(guò)在山頂上為云彩演奏音樂(lè)，從而使云彩流動(dòng)起來(lái)，最終降下了期盼已久的雨，為當(dāng)?shù)厝藗儙?lái)了快樂(lè)。由此可以推出文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。答案B5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatthepeopleinthesmallcountry______.A．hatemusic B．lovemusicC．teachmusic D．practicemusic解析推理判斷題。最后一段中講到為了紀(jì)念那場(chǎng)音樂(lè)雨，人們開(kāi)場(chǎng)學(xué)習(xí)樂(lè)器，并輪流到山上為云彩演奏音樂(lè)。由此可以推出人們喜歡音樂(lè)。答案BPassage3體裁：說(shuō)明文話題：科學(xué)研究時(shí)間：7分鐘(2021·廣州調(diào)研)Imagineputtingaseedinafreezer，waiting30,000years，andthentakingtheseedoutandplantingit.Doyouthinkaflowerwouldgrow?Amazingly，scientistshavejustmanagedtodosomethingverysimilar.TheyfoundthefruitofanancientplantthathadbeenfrozenundergroundinSiberia—aregioncoveringcentralandeasternRussia—forabout31,800years.Usingpiecesofthefruit，thescientistsgrewplantsinalab.Thenewbloomshavedelicatewhitepetals.Theyarealsotheoldestfloweringplantsthatresearchershaveeverrevivedfromadeepfreeze.“Thisislikeregeneratingadinosaurfromtissuesofanancientegg，〞saidJaneShen-Miller，abiologistofUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Theplanthasalonghistory.Backwhenmammothsandwoollyrhinoceroseswalkedontheland，anArcticgroundsquirrelburiedseedsandfruitsinanundergroundchamberneartheKolymaRiverinnortheasternSiberia.Thegroundbecamepermafrost，alayerofsoilthatstaysfrozenforalongtime.Recently，Russianscientistsdugouttheoldsquirrelholeandfoundtheplantremains38metersbelowthesurface.Backatthelab，theteamfednutrientstotissuefromthreeofthefruitstogrowshoots.Thenthescientiststransferredtheshootstopotsfilledwithsoil.Theplantsproducedseedsthatcouldbeusedtogrowevenmoreofthem.It'simportantforscientiststoknowthatplanttissuescanstillberevivedafterbeingfrozenforalongtime.That'sbecausemanyresearchersaretryingtopreservetheseedsofmodernplantsbyfreezingthemandthenstoringthemingiantlockersatvariousspotsaroundtheglobe.Onesuchendeavor，anundergroundfacilityinNorway，iscalledtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault.Itstoreshundredsofthousandsoffrozenseeds.Ifaplantevergoesextinct，scientistscouldbringitbackbytakingitsseedsfromtheSvalbardorotherstoragelockers.“Nooneknowshowlongtheyareabletolivefor，butfreezingisbasicallytheformatformanyplantconservationattemptsnowadays，〞JaneShen-Millersaid.It'sagoodthingthatatleastsomeplantsaretoughenoughtosurviveintheexperience.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇科普文字，介紹一個(gè)科研工程，一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)萬(wàn)年種子的實(shí)驗(yàn)。1．Howwereseedsandfruitsoriginallyintheundergroundchamber?A．Theywereplacedtherebyananimal.B．TheyweretrappedthereduringtheIceAge.C．Theywereplantedtherebyancientfarmers.D．Theywereburiedthereaftertheearthquake.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的第二句可知，當(dāng)初是松鼠把它們埋在地下的，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。答案A2．WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedtorecreatetheancientplant?A．Modernnutrients. B．Partsofthefruits.C．Itsfrozenseeds. D．Plantpotswithsoil.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段可知，在培育新苗時(shí)沒(méi)有用冷凍的種子。答案C3．Whyarescientistsinterestedinthisdiscovery?A．Ithelpsthemlearnhowplantlifehaschangedinthepast30,000years.B．Itcanhelpguidefutureeffortstoprotectendangeredplants'life.C．Itcanprovidedirectionstolookforotherancientplants.D．Itprovesthatallplantlifecansurviveforthousandsofyearswhenfrozen.解析推理判斷題。由第六段的第二句可推知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于保管瀕危植物種子的研究有著嚴(yán)重意義。答案B4．Theunderlinedword“they〞inthefinalparagraphrefersto________.A．plants B．seedsC．scientists D．storagelockers解析代詞指代題。聯(lián)絡(luò)上文，尤其是上一段的內(nèi)容可以看出they指代的是種子，應(yīng)選B。答案B5．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A．discussaplantconservationeffortB．introducesomeancientplantsC．outlinesomecausesofglobalwarmingD．describeascientificresearchproject解析寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文意在介紹一個(gè)科研工程，故答案為D項(xiàng)。答案DPassage4體裁：議論文話題：兒童教育時(shí)間：7分鐘(2021·西北工業(yè)大學(xué)附中模仿)Gaymarriage，andespeciallygayparenting，hasbeenin_the_cross_hairsinrecentdays.OnJan.6，RickSantorumtoldaNewHampshireaudiencethatchildrenarebetteroffwithafatherinprisonthanbeingraisedinahomewithlesbianparentsandnofatheratall.AndlastMonday(Jan.9)，PopeBenedictcalledgaymarriageathreat“tothefutureofhumanityitself〞．citingtheneedforchildrentohaveheterosexualhomes.Butresearchonfamiliesheadedbygaysandlesbiansdoesn'tbackuptheseviews.Infact，insomeways，gayparentsmaybringtalentstothetablethatstraightparentsdon't.Gayparents“tendtobemoremotivated，morecommittedthanheterosexualparentsonaverage，becausetheychosetobeparents，〞saidAbbieGoldberg，apsychologistatClarkUniversitywhoresearchesgayandlesbianparenting.Gaysandlesbiansrarelybecomeparentsbyaccident，comparedwithanalmost50percentaccidentalpregnancyrateamongheterosexuals，Goldbergsaid.“Thattranslatestogreatercommitmentonaverageandmoreinvolvement.〞Andwhileresearchindicatesthatkidsofgaypar