高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解五步法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)帶練(49)講義

①M(fèi)anypeoplearefamiliarwiththehorribleimagesofwildlifeincludingseaturtles,dolphinsandsealstrappedinabandonedfishingnets.ThemainissuebehindNylon6,theplasticinsidethesenets,carpetandclothing,isthatit'stoostronganddurabletobreakdownonitsown.So,onceit'sintheenvironment,itexistsforthousandsofyears,litteringwaterways,breakingcoralsandkillingbirdsandsealife.②Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化劑)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶劑),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.③CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.④Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.⑤“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”saidMarks.Afterfilingapatentforthenewprocess,Marksandhisteamhavealreadyreceivedinterestfrommanypotentialindustrialpartners.Theyhopeotherscanusetheircatalystsonalargescaletohelpsolvetheglobalplasticproblem.【素材來(lái)源：山東名校考試聯(lián)盟2023年12月高三年級(jí)階段性檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題】32.WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?Achemicalthatcauseswildlifeextinction.Thestrongestplasticinventedinhistory.Amaterialthatishardtodegrade.D.Thenetusedtotrapseacreatures..33.Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?A.Ecofriendly.B.Zerowaste.C.Carbonfree.D.Timeconsuming.34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theuseofyttrium.B.Theanticipatedresult.C.Theresearchobjectives.D.Theexperimentalprocess.35.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?A.Ithasbeengrantedapatent.B.Itisinmassproductionnow.C.Itisofgreatpracticalvalue.D.Ithasbeenwidelyapplied.【五步法解析】串聯(lián)題干WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?主題詞歸納：nylon6，newcatalyst.32.WhatisNylon6accordingtothetext?根據(jù)課文，尼龍6是什么?A.Achemicalthatcauseswildlifeextinction.一種導(dǎo)致野生動(dòng)物滅絕的化學(xué)物質(zhì)B.Thestrongestplasticinventedinhistory.歷史上發(fā)明的最堅(jiān)固的塑料。C.Amaterialthatishardtodegrade.一種難以降解的物料（正話反說(shuō)）D.Thenetusedtotrapseacreatures.用來(lái)誘捕海洋生物的網(wǎng)。新催化劑可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)降解尼龍6，逆向推導(dǎo)尼龍6是種需要難以降解物料②Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化劑)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.在幾分鐘內(nèi)完全分解尼龍6，而不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的副產(chǎn)品。Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶劑),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.33.Whatisafeatureofthenewcatalyst?這種新型催化劑有什么特點(diǎn)?A.Ecofriendly.對(duì)生活環(huán)境友好的（反話正說(shuō)）B.Zerowaste.零廢棄物料C.Carbonfree.不含碳的D.Timeconsuming.耗時(shí)的通過(guò)其他催化劑反襯新型催化劑是環(huán)保的。③CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.盡管其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)探索了降解尼龍6的催化劑，但這些催化劑需要極端條件(例如高達(dá)350攝氏度的溫度)、高壓蒸汽(能量昂貴且效率低下)和/或有毒溶劑，這些溶劑只會(huì)造成更多污染。34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?第4段主要講了什么?A.Theuseofyttrium.釔的使用。B.Theanticipatedresult.預(yù)期的結(jié)果。C.Theresearchobjectives.研究目標(biāo)D.Theexperimentalprocess.實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程（定義同義替換把實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程具象化）④Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，馬克斯和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠回收99%的塑料原始構(gòu)件。35.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewcatalystfromthelastparagraph?從最后一段我們可以推斷出新的催化劑是什么?A.Ithasbeengrantedapatent.它已獲得專(zhuān)利。B.Itisinmassproductionnow.現(xiàn)在正在批量生產(chǎn)C.Itisofgreatpracticalvalue.它具有很大的實(shí)用價(jià)值。D.Ithasbeenwidelyapplied.它得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。⑤“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”我們的研究代表了聚合物回收和可持續(xù)材料管理領(lǐng)域的重要一步?！眘aidMarks.Afterfilingapatentforthenewprocess,Marksandhisteamhavealreadyreceivedinterestfrommanypotentialindustrialpartners.Theyhopeotherscanusetheircatalystsonalargescaletohelpsolvetheglobalplasticproblem.【逐步翻譯】第一段①M(fèi)anypeoplearefamiliarwiththehorribleimagesofwildlifeincludingseaturtles,dolphinsandsealstrappedinabandonedfishingnets.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：including非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)修飾wildlife.很多人都熟悉野生動(dòng)物——包括海龜、海豚和海豹——被困在廢棄漁網(wǎng)里的可怕畫(huà)面。ThemainissuebehindNylon6,theplasticinsidethesenets,carpetandclothing,isthatit'stoostronganddurabletobreakdownonitsown.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：behind引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)修飾themainissue.句意：尼龍6，也就是這些網(wǎng)、地毯和衣服里面的塑料，其主要問(wèn)題是它太堅(jiān)固、太耐用，無(wú)法自行分解。So,onceit'sintheenvironment,itexistsforthousandsofyears,litteringwaterways,breakingcoralsandkillingbirdsandsealife.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句句意：所以，一旦它進(jìn)入環(huán)境，它就會(huì)存在數(shù)千年，污染水道，破壞珊瑚，殺死鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和海洋生物。第二段：Now,NorthwesternUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewcatalyst(催化劑)thatquickly,cleanlyandpletelybreaksdownNylon6inamatterofminuteswithoutgeneratingharmfulbyproducts.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾anewcatalyst句意：現(xiàn)在，西北大學(xué)的化學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新的催化劑(催化劑)，可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)快速、清潔、完全地分解尼龍6，而且不會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的副產(chǎn)品。【真題必考詞匯】Inamatterof...大約只不過(guò)在…之內(nèi)Wehavetoconsulthisconvenienceinamatterofthiskind.對(duì)這樣的事情,我們就聽(tīng)其自便吧.Moreimportantly,theprocessdoesnotrequirepoisonoussolvents(溶劑),expensivematerialsorextremeconditions,makingitpracticalforeverydayapplications.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：making...現(xiàn)在分詞做目的狀語(yǔ)更重要的是，該工藝不需要有毒溶劑(溶劑)，昂貴的材料或極端條件，使其在日常應(yīng)用中實(shí)用。第三段：CurrentmethodstodisposeofNylon6arelimitedtosimplyburyingitinlandfills.目前處理尼龍6的方法僅限于簡(jiǎn)單地把它埋在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Belimitedto...被限制在…上;限于Theexpensesshouldbelimitedtowhatyoucanreallyafford.費(fèi)用不應(yīng)超出你們償還能力的限度.WhenNylon6isburned,itproducespoisonouspollutantssuchasnitrogenoxides.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；suchas引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)句意：當(dāng)尼龍6燃燒時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生氮氧化物等有毒污染物?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Pollutantnoun.污染物AsteadystreamofCaliforniatrafficclogstheairwithpollutants.加利福尼亞川流不息的車(chē)流使空氣中充斥著污染物。AlthoughotherlabshaveexploredcatalyststodegradeNylon6,thosecatalystsrequireextremeconditions(suchastemperaturesashighas350degreesCelsius),highpressuresteam(whichisenergeticallyexpensiveandinefficient)and/ortoxicsolventsthatonlycontributetomorepollution.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；suchas引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾stream;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾solvents句意：盡管其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)探索了降解尼龍6的催化劑，但這些催化劑需要極端條件(例如高達(dá)350攝氏度的溫度)、高壓蒸汽(能量昂貴且效率低下)和/或有毒溶劑，這些溶劑只會(huì)造成更多污染?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Contributetov.捐獻(xiàn);促成;投稿;有助于Colloidscontributetothecharacterofthesoilinotherways.膠質(zhì)體對(duì)土壤的其它性狀也有影響.第四段Tobypasstheseissues,theresearcherslookedtoanovelcatalystalreadydevelopedinthelabofTobinMarks,theleaderoftheresearch.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：to引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)；theleaderoftheresearch做同位語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充解釋tobinmarks.句意：為了繞過(guò)這些問(wèn)題，研究人員將目光投向了研究負(fù)責(zé)人托賓·馬克斯(TobinMarks)實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的一種新型催化劑。ThecatalysttakesadvantageofyttriumaninexpensiveEarthabundantmetal.這種催化劑利用了釔——一種廉價(jià)的地球上豐富的金屬?！菊骖}必考詞匯】Takeadvantageof...利用；欺騙；占…的便宜Weallhopetotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytopromoteourcooperation.我們都希望可以利用這次機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)增進(jìn)我們之間的合作.WhentheteamheatedNylon6samplestomeltingtemperaturesandappliedthecatalystwithoutasolvent,theplasticfellapartreturningtoitsoriginalbuildingblockswithoutleavingbyproductsbehind.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句句意：當(dāng)研究小組將尼龍6樣品加熱到熔化溫度，并在沒(méi)有溶劑的情況下使用催化劑時(shí)，塑料就會(huì)分解，恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)塊，而不會(huì)留下副產(chǎn)品。Inexperiments,Marksandhisteamwereabletorecover99%ofplastics'originalbuildingblocks.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，馬克斯和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠回收99%的塑料原始構(gòu)件。第五段：“Ourresearchrepresentsasignificantstepforwardinthefieldofpolymerrecyclingandsustainablematerialsmanagement,”saidMarks.“我們的研究代表了聚合物回收和可持續(xù)材料管理領(lǐng)域向前邁出的重要一步，”Marks說(shuō)。Afterfili