話題拓展07.植樹造林與森林保護(hù)

07.植樹造林與森林保護(hù)一、閱讀理解1Recently,Chinahasannouncedthelistofthefirstfivenationalparks.Eachofthemisdividedintotwoparts—thecoreprotectionareaandthegeneralcontrolarea.Inthecoreprotectionarea,onlyresearchandsurveillance(監(jiān)視)inscienceareallowed.Andthegeneralcontrolareaisopentothepublic,allowingtravelactivitiessuchascampingandhiking.Inthefuture,nationalparksareexpectedtobenaturalclassrooms.Peoplecanlearnaboutdifferentkindsofanimalsandplantsthroughecofriendlytravelactivities.ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkontheQinghaiTibetPlateauisthelargestnationalparkinChina.BecauseitishometothesourcesoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,peoplecallit“China’swatertower”.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalParkisinHeilongjiangandJilinProvinces.Itcoversanareaof14,100squarekilometers.Itisourcountry’sbiggestandonlyplaceforwildSiberiantigersandAmurleopardstolivein.WuyiMountainNationalParkinFujianProvinceisaUNESCOnaturalandculturalheritagesite.Theforestmakesupover96percentofthepark.Theparkistheparadiseofbirds,kingdomofsnakesandworldofinsects.YoucanalsoseetheDanxialandformthere.GiantPandaNationalParkconnectspandahabitatsinSichuan,ShaanxiandGansuProvinces.Insidetheparkaremorethan1,600wildgiantpandas.Theymakeupover70percentofthepandasinChina.HainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkisthelargesttropicalforestinChina.Therearemorethan400kindsofplantsthatcanonlybefoundinHainan.1.Whichiscalled“China’swatertower”?A.ThreeRiverSourceNationalPark. B.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark.C.GiantPandaNationalPark. D.HainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark.2.Theunderlinedword“paradise”means________.A.aperfectplace B.ahappyfeelingC.agoodexample D.asweetsmile3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkisthelargestnationalparkinChina.B.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalParkcoversanareaof14,100squarekilometers.C.Therearemorethan1,600wildgiantpandasinGiantPandaNationalPark.D.Morethan400kindsofplantsandanimalscanonlybefoundinHainan.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thebeautifulscenesofnature B.ThehomeofanimalsandplantsC.Theintroductiontothefivenationalparks D.Therelationshipsamongthefivenationalparks【答案】1.A2.A3.D4.C【解析】這是一篇說明文，本文主要介紹了中國(guó)公布的首批五個(gè)國(guó)家公園的情況。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkontheQinghaiTibetPlateauisthelargestnationalparkinChina.BecauseitishometothesourcesoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,peoplecallit‘China’swatertower’.(位于青藏高原的三江源國(guó)家公園是中國(guó)最大的國(guó)家公園。因?yàn)樗情L(zhǎng)江、黃河和瀾滄江的源頭，人們稱之為‘中國(guó)的水塔’)”可知，人們稱三江源國(guó)家公園為“中國(guó)的水塔”。故選A。2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theforestmakesupover96percentofthepark.(森林占了公園面積的96%以上)”可知，森林占公園的96%以上，由此推知，劃線詞所在句意為“公園是鳥類的天堂，蛇的王國(guó)，昆蟲的世界”，所以單詞“paradise”指的是“天堂”，即“完美之地”，故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Therearemorethan400kindsofplantsthatcanonlybefoundinHainan.(這里有400多種只有海南才有的植物)”可知，海南熱帶雨林國(guó)家公園有400多種只有海南才有的植物，未提到動(dòng)物。故選D。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Recently,Chinahasannouncedthelistofthefirstfivenationalparks.(最近，中國(guó)公布了首批5個(gè)國(guó)家公園名單)”及整個(gè)文章的理解可知，文章主要是介紹五個(gè)國(guó)家公園的情況，故選C。2Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.What’smore,it’stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology,”saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”5.WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?A.Togrowmoretrees. B.Toprotectplantdiversity.C.Toreducetreelosses. D.Topredictforestdisappearance.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A.Itstheoreticalbasis. B.Itskeyprocedures.C.Itsscientificevidence. D.Itsusualdifficulties.7.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.B.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.C.Theircells’shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.D.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.8.WhyistheresearchgroundbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.C.Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.D.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了避免砍伐樹木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。解釋了其實(shí)驗(yàn)過程以及其積極意義。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.(每年，由于砍伐樹木，世界上損失了大約1000萬公頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，按照這個(gè)速度，世界上的森林可能會(huì)在100到200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個(gè)問題，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選C。6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.(在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上提取細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。通過調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的物理和機(jī)械特性。接下來，研究人員使用3D打印機(jī)來塑造細(xì)胞基材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長(zhǎng)三個(gè)月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評(píng)估其質(zhì)量)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究的關(guān)鍵程序。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的激素水平會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞更圓、更開放，密度更低，而較高的激素水平會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)更小，但密度更大。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔軟或更堅(jiān)硬，幫助材料生長(zhǎng)出不同的類木特性)”可知，激素水平影響植物材料的硬度。故選A。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.(該技術(shù)可以調(diào)整以滿足對(duì)形狀、大小、剛性和形式的要求。它使我們能夠以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方法無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式“種植”任何木制品)”可知，貝倫斯坦認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究具有開創(chuàng)性因?yàn)樗镄铝酥谱髂局破返姆椒?。故選B。3It’sreportedthatabout20percentoftheAmazonrainforesthasdisappearedduringthepast50years.DeforestationisnotonlythreateningthemillionsofuniqueplantandanimalspeciesnativetotheAmazonRiverarea,it’saffectinghumansworldwide.WhenitestotheprotectionoftheAmazon,it’shardformanypeopletorelatebecausetheydon’tfeelconnectedtothearea.Thereareactuallyalotofdirectconnections,nomatterhowfarawayweare.Aconnectionthataffectseveryoneontheplanetisclimate(氣候)change.PlantingnewtreesintheforestisbasicallyawayofremovingCO2fromtheair.Rainforestshaveacarbon(碳)reductionnearlyequaltohalfofwhatisintheair.AbouthalfofthatisintheAmazon.AnothercaseinpointisabigsnakecalledthebushmasterthatlivesintheAmazon.Today,millionsofpeopleusemedicinesmadefromitsvenom(毒液)totreathighbloodpressure.Sotheyhavelonger,fuller,andmoreproductivelives.Inthe1960s,therewasonlyonehighwayintheentireAmazon.That’sanareaaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStateswithonehighwayandthreemillionpeople.Today,therearebetween30millionto40millionpeople,countlessroads,andabout20percentforestshavebeencutdown.Butontheplusside,50yearsagotherewereonlytwonationalparksandanationalforestandareserveinBrazil.Today,morethan50percentoftheAmazonisundersomeformofprotection.“There’sbeenalotofdamagedoneandforestlost,butnothingisgoneuntilit’sgone”,notedNationalGeographicexplorerDr.ThomasLovejoy.“Wewanttoseemoresharedplanningbetweenthedepartmentsoftransportation,energy,agriculture,andtheotherindustriesinthearea.WethinkAmazoncitiescanhavehigherqualityoflifeandkeeppeopleinexistingcitiessothere’slessreasontodeforest.”9.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“Deforestation”inparagraph1?A.Plantingmoretrees. B.Destroyingtheforests.C.Protectingthespecies. D.Pollutingtherivers.10.WhatmightthepartiallossoftheAmazonrainforestleadto?A.Theincreaseofextremeweather. B.TheremovalofCO2.C.Morepeoplewithhighbloodpressure. D.Theovergrowthofthebushmaster.11.Howdoesparagraph3mainlydevelop?A.Bymakingparisons. B.Bylistingreasons.C.Byexplainingadefinition. D.Bymakingasummary.12.WhatisDr.Thomas’attitudetowardsthefutureoftheAmazonrainforest?A.Doubtful. B.Worried. C.Positive. D.Uncaring.【答案】9.B10.C11.A12.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了亞馬遜雨林的砍伐和保護(hù)問題。9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“It’sreportedthatabout20percentoftheAmazonrainforesthasdisappearedduringthepast50years.(據(jù)報(bào)道，在過去的50年里，大約20%的亞馬遜雨林已經(jīng)消失了)”可知，在過去的50年里，大約20%的亞馬遜雨林已經(jīng)消失了，說明亞馬遜雨林的森林遭到了破壞。故劃線詞意思是“破壞森林”。故選B。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AnothercaseinpointisabigsnakecalledthebushmasterthatlivesintheAmazon.Today,millionsofpeopleusemedicinesmadefromitsvenom(毒液)totreathighbloodpressure.Sotheyhavelonger,fuller,andmoreproductivelives.(另一個(gè)例子是生活在亞馬遜的一種叫做巨蝮的大蛇。今天，數(shù)百萬人使用由它的毒液制成的藥物來治療高血壓。所以他們的生活更長(zhǎng)、更充實(shí)、更有成效)”可知，亞馬遜雨林的部分損失可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多人得高血壓。故選C。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthe1960s,therewasonlyonehighwayintheentireAmazon.That’sanareaaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStateswithonehighwayandthreemillionpeople.Today,therearebetween30millionto40millionpeople,countlessroads,andabout20percentforestshavebeencutdown.Butontheplusside,50yearsagotherewereonlytwonationalparksandanationalforestandareserveinBrazil.Today,morethan50percentoftheAmazonisundersomeformofprotection.(20世紀(jì)60年代，整個(gè)亞馬遜地區(qū)只有一條高速公路。這是一個(gè)和美國(guó)大陸一樣大的地區(qū)，有一條高速公路和300萬人口。今天，這里有3000萬到4000萬人口，無數(shù)的道路，大約20%的森林被砍伐。但好的一面是，50年前，巴西只有兩個(gè)國(guó)家公園，一個(gè)國(guó)家森林和一個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)。今天，超過50%的亞馬遜雨林處于某種形式的保護(hù)之下)”可知，第3段主要是通過比較展開。故選A。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wewanttoseemoresharedplanningbetweenthedepartmentsoftransportation,energy,agriculture,andtheotherindustriesinthearea.WethinkAmazoncitiescanhavehigherqualityoflifeandkeeppeopleinexistingcitiessothere’slessreasontodeforest.(我們希望看到交通、能源、農(nóng)業(yè)和該地區(qū)其他行業(yè)部門之間有更多的共享規(guī)劃。我們認(rèn)為亞馬遜城市可以擁有更高的生活質(zhì)量，讓人們留在現(xiàn)有的城市，這樣就沒有理由砍伐森林了)”可推知，托馬斯博士對(duì)亞馬遜雨林的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選C。4PacificCoastRangeStretchingalongthewestcoastofNorthAmericafromnorthernCaliforniatoAlaska,theforestsfoundalongthePacificCoastRangearethelargestareaoftemperate(溫帶的)rainforestintheworld.Theforestsarehometothecoastredwood,theworld’stallesttree.Acrosstheregion,theforestunderstory(林下葉層)iswetandheavilyvegetated.TaiheiyoEvergreenForestsFoundinsouthernJapan,theyaretemperaterainforestsofevergreenbroadleaftrees.Theforestscanreceivemorethan100inchesofraineveryyear.TheforestsarecoveredbyJapanesecedarandJapanesestoneoak,whilemosobambooprisetheunderstory.TheextentoftheTaiheiyoforestshasbeenreducedduetodevelopmentandagriculture.Today,17%oftheremainingforestisprotectedbynationalparksandotherreserves.AtlanticOakwoodForestTheAtlanticOakwoodForestcoversthewettestpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.Aspeciesofoaktree(橡樹)calledsessileoakoccupiesthelandscape.Unlikeothertemperateforests,theseforeststendtohaveanopenunderstoryofgrasses.Muchofthehistoricalrangeoftheforesthasgiventoagricultureandotherdevelopment,thoughthathaschangedinrecentdecades.ValdivianTemperateRainforestThisforestisfoundonthewestcoastofChileandArgentina,onthewet,westernslopes(斜坡)oftheAndesmountainrange.Withthecoastlinetothewest,thepeaksoftheAndestotheeast,andtheAtacamaDeserttothenorth,theregionsupportsanumberofplantandanimalspeciesfoundnowhereelseintheworld.Uniquely,theforestiscoveredbyevergreenfloweringtrees,whicharenativetoChileandlittleknownoutsidetheregion.13.Whichofthefourforestareasoccupiesthemostland?A.PacificCoastRange. B.TaiheiyoEvergreenForests.C.AtlanticOakwoodForest. D.ValdivianTemperateRainforest.14.WhatdoTaiheiyoEvergreenForestsandAtlanticOakwoodForesthaveinmon?A.Theyhaveopenunderstorygrasses. B.They’rehometoextremelytalltrees.C.They’reofgreathistoricalsignificance. D.Theyusedtobeaffectedbyagriculture.15.WhatisuniquetoValdivianTemperateRainforest?A.Wetclimate. B.Coastallocation.C.Evergreenfloweringtrees. D.Wellprotectednationalparks.【答案】13.A14.D15.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四種森林的特點(diǎn)和分布情況。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“StretchingalongthewestcoastofNorthAmericafromnorthernCaliforniatoAlaska,theforestsfoundalongthePacificCoastRangearethelargestareaoftemperate(溫帶的)rainforestintheworld.(太平洋海岸山脈沿著北美西海岸從加利福尼亞北部一直延伸到阿拉斯加，是世界上面積最大的溫帶雨林)”可知，四個(gè)林區(qū)中，PacificCoastRange占的土地最多。故選A。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheextentoftheTaiheiyoforestshasbeenreducedduetodevelopmentandagriculture.(由于發(fā)展和農(nóng)業(yè)，太黑窯森林的面積已經(jīng)減少)”以及第三段“Muchofthehistoricalrangeoftheforesthasgiventoagricultureandotherdevelopment,thoughthathaschangedinrecentdecades.(森林的大部分歷史范圍已經(jīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)和其他發(fā)展，盡管近幾十年來發(fā)生了變化)”可知，太平洋常青林和大西洋橡樹林的共同之處在于過去受到農(nóng)業(yè)的影響。故選D。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Uniquely,theforestiscoveredbyevergreenfloweringtrees,whicharenativetoChileandlittleknownoutsidetheregion.(獨(dú)特的是，森林被常綠開花樹木覆蓋，這些樹木原產(chǎn)于智利，在該地區(qū)以外鮮為人知)”可知，瓦爾迪維亞溫帶雨林的獨(dú)特之處是常綠開花樹木。故選C。5Overthepast45years,farmerFuBenfahasplantedcountlesstreesonbarren(不毛的)mountainsnearQilitavillageinSuizhou,Hubeiprovince.Thetaskwouldhavebeenachallengeforanablebodiedperson,letaloneapersonwithparalysis(癱瘓).Fu,65,wasparalyzedinanaccidentinJanuary1978.Newsaboutgreendevelopmentthroughmeasuressuchasexpandingforestsintheprovincecaughthisattention.Hegottheideathathemightbeabletocontribute.Fu’sparentsstronglydisagreedbecauseofhispoorphysicalcondition.Butheinsisted.Hisfatherfinallyacquiescedandmadehimaspecialshovel(鐵鍬)andstrawmat(草席).Inthewinterof1978,Fucametoabarrenmountainandbeganthetaskthatwouldoccupyhimfordecades.Hesatonthestrawmatandtriedtodigaholetoplantatreein,buthefailedtofinishitafterworkingallday.Hedidn’tgiveup,however,andtriedvariouskindsofmovementsuntilhebecamemoreefficient.Everydayhespentmorethan12hoursonthemountain.Afteramonth,hehadsuccessfullyplanted18trees,13ofwhichsurvived.Threemonthslater,hehadplantedmorethan300trees,mostofwhichsurvived.Overthenext30years,Fubroughtgreencolortofivemountainsaroundhisvillage.Withthehelpoflocalgovernments,aforestprotectionvolunteerserviceteamwassetuptocarefullyprotectandguardthegreenmountains.Afteryearsofstudyandexploration,Fuhasgainedrichexperienceandtakenadvantageoftechnology.Hehastaughtmorethan200nearbyfarmers,freeofcharge,toincreasetheirinesbyplantingtrees.RecenthealthproblemshaveslowedFudown.HehasbeenrecoveringathomesinceFebruary.“Nowitisdifficultformetocontinueplantingtreesinthemountains,butIwillalwaysguardthisforest,”hesaid.“Iwillneverchangemydream.”16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“acquiesced”inParagraph2mean?A.Quit. B.Agreed. C.Argued. D.Opposed.17.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoexpressinParagraph3?A.FuBenfawasfarsighted. B.FuBenfasufferedlittle.C.FuBenfawasphysicallypoor. D.FuBenfawasstrongwilled.18.WhydidFuBenfateachnearbyfarmerstoplanttrees?A.Tobettertheirlife. B.Todrawtheirinterest.C.Tofindmorehelpers. D.Tomakemoreprogress.19.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PlantingTreesChangedtheWorldB.FuBenfaHelpedFarmersintheVillageC.AnAblebodiedManAmazedtheCountryD.For45Years,aParalyzedManPlantedManyTrees【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了湖北農(nóng)民付本發(fā)身殘志堅(jiān)，綠化荒山的感人事跡。16.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“Fu’sparentsstronglydisagreedbecauseofhispoorphysicalcondition.Butheinsisted.(由于付的身體狀況不佳，他的父母強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。但他堅(jiān)持)”及后文“madehimaspecialshovel(鐵鍬)andstrawmat(草席).(給他制作了特別的鐵鍬和草席)”可知，他的父親同意了，故劃線詞意思是“同意”。故選B。17.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Inthewinterof1978,Fucametoabarrenmountainandbeganthetaskthatwouldoccupyhimfordecades.Hesatonthestrawmatandtriedtodigaholetoplantatreein,buthefailedtofinishitafterworkingallday.Hedidn’tgiveup,however,andtriedvariouskindsofmovementsuntilhebecamemoreefficient.Everydayhespentmorethan12hoursonthemountain.Afteramonth,hehadsuccessfullyplanted18trees,13ofwhichsurvived.(1978年冬天，付來到一座荒山，開始了他幾十年的工作。他坐在草席上，想挖個(gè)洞種棵樹，但工作了一天，還是沒能把它挖完。然而，他并沒有放棄，他嘗試了各種各樣的動(dòng)作，直到他變得更有效率。每天他都要在山上度過12個(gè)小時(shí)以上。一個(gè)月后，他成功地種下了18棵樹，其中13棵存活了下來)”可推知，本段主要表達(dá)的是付本發(fā)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選D。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Hehastaughtmorethan200nearbyfarmers,freeofcharge,toincreasetheirinesbyplantingtrees.(他免費(fèi)教了200多名附近的農(nóng)民通過種樹來增加收入)”可知，他教附近農(nóng)民植樹是為了改善他們的生活。故選A。19.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Overthepast45years,farmerFuBenfahasplantedcountlesstreesonbarren(不毛的)mountainsnearQilitavillageinSuizhou,Hubeiprovince.Thetaskwouldhavebeenachallengeforanablebodiedperson,letaloneapersonwithparalysis(癱瘓).(在過去的45年里，湖北省隨州市七里塔村附近的貧瘠山上，農(nóng)民付本發(fā)種植了無數(shù)棵樹。這項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)一個(gè)健全的人來說都是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，更不用說癱瘓的人了)”可知，文章主要講述了身殘志堅(jiān)的付本發(fā)45年來堅(jiān)持植樹，為荒山禿嶺披上綠裝的故事。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“45年來，一個(gè)癱瘓的人種了很多樹”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。6Wildfires,whenallowedtoburninareaswithouthumandevelopment,cancontributetotherestorationofthesurroundingwatershed(集水區(qū)),renewalofthesoil,andresettingtheclockfortheecosystem.Manyforestscannotsustainthemselveswithoutnaturalwildfire,includingpinebarrens,lodgepolepineforestsandmanymore.Theseforestsrequirecanopyfires,whichprimarilyaffecttheupperlayerofplantsinaforest,toreproducebecausethetreesintheforestareadaptedtoonlyproduceseedsfollowingamajorfireevent.Hence,firescanberestorativefortheforest,andwithoutthemmanyoftheseforesttypeswoulddeclineonthelandscape.Howisafirerestorativeforthewatershed?Itrestoresinmanywaysincluding,butnotlimitedto,improvingwaterquality,offeringhabitatforinsectsthatserveasfoodforfish,promotingthegrowthoffireadaptedplants,etc...Nottomentionrenewalofthesoilchemistrywhichisvitaltotheforestandthewatershed.(Myattitudeisthatofsomeonewhohasstudiedwildfireandstreamssincethedisastrous1988Yellowstonewildfires.)Thesciencebacksuphownaturalwildfirecanbefavorablethroughresearchpublicationafterpublication.It’slike“resettingtheclock”ontheecosystem,allowingittosmoothlyalloveragainforanother200years.Bytheway,acanopyfiresuchasYellowstonein1988alsoresultsinthereproductionofyoungertreesafterfirewhichacttostopthespreadandprogressofapotentiallydestructivewildfireimmediately.Withoutit,futurewildfiresareverylikelytobeebiggerandbigger.Thebottomlineisthatwemayneedtoday’snaturalwildfiresonourforestedlandscapetopreventmoreseriousfireeventsinthefuture.Thatlessonwaslearnedin1988Yellowstonewildfireswhichwasayearofdisastrouslargescalefiresdespitemorethan50yearsofthoroughandtightfiremonitoring.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.Seeds. B.Wildfires. C.Trees. D.Ecosystems.21.Whatisthefunctionofyoungertreesafterwildfires?A.Makingwildfireseasiertobespotted. B.Reducingoccurringratesofwildfires.C.Stoppingamajorwildfireinitstracks. D.Preventingpotentialwildfirespletely.22.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe1988Yellowstonewildfires?A.Weshouldacceptwildlifeonitsownterms. B.FiremonitoringinYellowstonewassuccessful.C.Naturalfiresmayreducetheriskoflargerones. D.Seriouswildfiresarecausedbyhumanactivities.23.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thebeneficialeffectsofwildfires. B.Impactsofwildfiresondevelopment.C.Thenecessityofwatershedpreservation. D.Measurestopreventlargescalewildfires.【答案】20.B21.C22.C23.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如果沒有自然野火，許多森林無法維持生存，包括松樹荒地、洛奇波勒松林等等，解釋了野火帶來的好處。20.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“firescanberestorativefortheforest”以及后文“manyoftheseforesttypeswoulddeclineonthelandscape”可知，野火可以恢復(fù)森林，如果沒有野火，許多這些森林類型將在景觀上下降。故劃線詞指的是“野火”。故選B。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Bytheway,acanopyfiresuchasYellowstonein1988alsoresultsinthereproductionofyoungertreesafterfirewhichacttostopthespreadandprogressofapotentiallydestructivewildfireimmediately.(順便說一下，像1988年黃石公園這樣的冠層火災(zāi)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)后年輕樹木的繁殖，這可以立即阻止?jié)撛谄茐男砸盎鸬穆雍桶l(fā)展)”可知，野火過后，年輕樹木的功能是阻止大火蔓延。故選C。22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Bytheway,acanopyfiresuchasYellowstonein1988alsoresultsinthereproductionofyoungertreesafterfirewhichacttostopthespreadandprogressofapotentiallydestructivewildfireimmediately.Withoutit,futurewildfiresareverylikelytobeebiggerandbigger.(順便說一下，像1988年黃石公園這樣的冠層火災(zāi)也會(huì)導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)后年輕樹木的繁殖，這可以立即阻止?jié)撛谄茐男砸盎鸬穆雍桶l(fā)展。沒有它，未來的野火很可能變得越來越大)”可推知，1988年黃石公園大火告訴我們，自然火災(zāi)可能會(huì)降低更大火災(zāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C。23.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wildfires,whenallowedtoburninareaswithouthumandevelopment,cancontributetotherestorationofthesurroundingwatershed(集水區(qū)),renewalofthesoil,andresettingtheclockfortheecosystem.(當(dāng)野火在沒有人類開發(fā)的地區(qū)燃燒時(shí)，可以幫助恢復(fù)周圍的集水區(qū)，更新土壤，并為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)重置時(shí)鐘)”結(jié)合文章，主要說明了如果沒有自然野火，許多森林無法維持生存，包括松樹荒地、洛奇波勒松林等等，解釋了野火帶來的好處?？芍@篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是野火的有利影響。故選A。7Theoreticallysometreescouldliveforever,accordingtoarecentessaythatreviewsgrowingevidenceonlonglivedtrees.Acrosstheboard,treesdonotdiesomuchastheyarekilled,writetheauthorsofthereviewessay.Theirkillersareouterfactorsratherthanoldagealone.Thatis,thereisnoevidencethatharmfulgeneticmutations(基因突變)occurovertimeorthattreeslosetheirabilitytocontinuetogrow.“Treesmightliveforever,butthisdoesnothappen,”sayscoauthorFrancoBiondi.“Treekillersincludeenvironmentalriskssuchasdroughts,wildfires,terribleweatherandhumanbehaviorssuchaswoodcuttingandfiressettoclearforestsforhuntingorgrassland.”Treelongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)interestsresearchersinpartbecausetreesandotherplantsremovecarbonfromtheatmosphere,andoldertreesarethoughttostoremorecarbonthanyoungerones.Theringsofoldtreescanalsoserveasaninvaluablerecordofclimatehistory,withwiderringsindicatingbetteryears.DavidStahle,ageographerandtreelongevityresearcherattheUniversityofArkansas,takesissuewiththebeliefthattreescanpossiblyliveforever.“Thelikelihood,allthingsbeingequal,thattreescanliveforeverseemsunlikelytome,”hesays.Thishypothesis(假設(shè))hasbeepopularinthepast20yearsasresearcherscontinuetoreporthavingfoundlittlegeneticevidenceofaginginextremelyoldtrees.Andthisisoneofthereviewessay’smostimportantpoints.Butevidenceofagingcouldbeoutthereandjustnotyetfound.24.Whatdoestherecentreviewessaymainlyindicate?A.Thereareagreatvarietyoftreekillers. B.Treescouldkeeponsurvivingforever.C.Moretreesdienaturallythanbeingkilled. D.Geneticmutationsstoptreesfromgrowing.25.Whydoestreelongevityinterestresearchers?A.Becausethewaytreesgrowringsismoreinteresting.B.Becausetreesmakeclearerclimaterecordsthanotherplants.C.Becauseoldertreescontributemoretotheenvironment.D.Becauseyoungertreesarelesslikelytohavegeneticmutations.26.WhatisStahle’sattitudetothefindingofthereviewessay?A.Doubtful. B.Uninterested. C.Reserved. D.Favorable.27.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Theassumptionhasbeenprovedtrue. B.Evidenceofagingtreesmightexist.C.Treeresearchhasgrowninthepast20years. D.Somekeypointsdisappearinthereviewessay.【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.B【解析】本文是說明文。樹木真的可以永生嗎？研究人員給出了他們的看法：在極其古老的樹中幾乎沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)衰老的基因證據(jù)，但衰老的證據(jù)可能存在，但還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theoreticallysometreescouldliveforever,accordingtoarecentessaythatreviewsgrowingevidenceonlonglivedtrees.(最近的一篇文章回顧了越來越多的關(guān)于長(zhǎng)壽樹的證據(jù)，從理論上講，有些樹可以長(zhǎng)生不老)”可知，最近的評(píng)論文章主要說明了樹木可以永遠(yuǎn)存活下去。故選B。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Treelongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)interestsresearchersinpartbecausetreesandotherplantsremovecarbonfromtheatmosphere,andoldertreesarethoughttostoremorecarbonthanyoungerones.(研究人員對(duì)樹木的壽命感興趣，部分原因是樹木和其他植物從大氣中吸收碳，而老樹被認(rèn)為比年輕樹儲(chǔ)存更多的碳)”可知，研究人員對(duì)樹是長(zhǎng)壽感興趣是因?yàn)槔系臉淠芪沾髿鈱又懈嗟奶?，即?duì)環(huán)境的貢獻(xiàn)更大，故選C。26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“DavidStahle,ageographerandtreelongevityresearcherattheUniversityofArkansas,takesissuewiththebeliefth