2024年中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講義

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法一．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞二．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。ThiswatchismadeinChina.沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.考點(diǎn)二：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換一．“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)先將主動(dòng)句里的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ缓蟀阎鲃?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引出。最后將主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):動(dòng)作承受者+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.→HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.二．“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)”（sb.Sth.）句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常把指“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，指“物“的直接賓語(yǔ)保留不變；如果把指“物”的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for?！荚陂g接賓語(yǔ)前加“to”，這類動(dòng)詞有：give,offer,lend,pass,promise,tell等；在間接賓語(yǔ)前加“for”，這類動(dòng)詞有：buy,cook,get,make等〗Shegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)）→Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)）注意：并非所有的間接賓語(yǔ)都可作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)ShewroteMissGreenaletter.→AletterwaswrittentoMissGreenbyher.（√）→MissGreenwaswrittenaletterbyher.（×）三．“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在原處，成為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Wesawhimout.→Hewasseenout.Shehaskeptuswaitingforanhour.→Wehavebeenkeptwaitingforanhour.IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.→Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.四．短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但是，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Theyputoffthemeetingbecauseoftheweather.→Themeetingwasputoffbecauseofweather.五．主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后加省略to的不定式的“四看”（look，watch，see，notice）“三讓”（let，make，have）“二聽”（listento，hear）“一感覺”（feel），變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：Isawaheavymanenterthehouse.→Aheavymanwasseentoenterthehousebyme.Hemakesthegirlstayathome.→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.練習(xí)一：將下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Wecleantheclassroomafterschooleveryday.________________________________________________Canyoumakethiswatchwork?________________________________________________3.Hepassedmeabookjustnow.=1\*GB3①______________________________________________=2\*GB3②______________________________________________4.Theoldmangaveusmuchhelp.=1\*GB3①______________________________________________=2\*GB3②______________________________________________5.OurteachertaughtusEnglishsongs.=1\*GB3①______________________________________________=2\*GB3②______________________________________________6.Jackwateredtheflowersyesterday.________________________________________________7.Weoftenseehimplaybasketballontheplaygroundafterschool._________________________________________________8.Wetookgoodcareofthesickdog._________________________________________________練習(xí)二：將下列句子變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Theticketwasfoundonthefloorbyus.________________________________________.Theactorwaslovedbytheyoungpeople.________________________________________.Theclothesaren’twashedbyher.________________________________________.Whatwasfoundbythem?________________________________________.Iwasmadetogotherealonebymyfather.________________________________________.考點(diǎn)三:主要時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.一般將來時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneSheiswateringtheflowers.Theflowersarebeingwateredbyher.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneShewaswritingaletterthistimeyesterday.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherthistimeyesterday.過去完成時(shí)had+donehad+beendoneJimhadfinishedtheworkbylastweek.TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJimbylastweek.過去將來時(shí)=1\*GB3①woulddo=2\*GB3②was/weregoingtodowouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedoneHesaidhewouldmakeakite.Hesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone.(can/may/must/should＋be＋done)Icanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.練習(xí)三：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.________________________________________________2.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.________________________________________________3.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.________________________________________________4.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.________________________________________________5.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.________________________________________________6.Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday._________________________________________________Sheispreparingdinnerrightnow._________________________________________________TheywerediscussingtheissuewhenIarrived._________________________________________________TheyhadalreadyeatenallthepizzabythetimeIarrived._________________________________________________練習(xí)四：用適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞填空。1.Canhe________(speak)English?2.Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?3.Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.4.TheseTVsets________(make)inSichuan.5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight?6.Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.7.Thewindow________(notbreak)bytheboy.8.English________(speak)inmanycountries.9.Justafewyearsago,tomatoes_______(believe)tohavemagicalpowers,makingpeoplewhoatethemfallinlove.10.Itissaidnewcopiesofthebook_______(print)now.11.Theoldhouse_______(pull)downnextmonth.12.Intheolddays,thechildren_______(lookafter)bythemotherbecauseshedidnotworkoutsidethehouse.13.Theteachersaidthatwe_________(give)anotherchancesometimenextmonthifwefailedintheexam.練習(xí)五：根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于十一月舉行。Thesportsmeeting_____________________inNovember.2.昨天下午在學(xué)校禮堂舉行了一場(chǎng)有關(guān)美國(guó)文化的講座。AlectureonAmericanculture_____________intheschoolhallyesterdayafternoon.3.除非他被邀請(qǐng)，否則我是不會(huì)去那里的。Iwon’tgothereunlesshe______________.練習(xí)六：?jiǎn)芜x。1.Thenewproduct_________byourteamnextweek.A.willbelaunchedB.launchesC.islaunchingD.hasbeenlaunched2.Theletter__________tothewrongaddressyesterday.A.sendsB.wassentC.hassentD.willsend3.Thecake__________bymymotherlastmonth.A.wasbakedB.bakesC.hasbakedD.willbebaking4.Theconcert__________at7pmtomorrow.A.willbeheldB.holdsC.isholdingD.hasheld5.Therules__________beforethegamestarts.A.willbeexplainedB.explainsC.areexplainingD.haveexplained6.Theapplication_________bytheHRdepartmenttonight.A.hadreviewedB.reviewsC.willbereviewedD.hasreviewed7.Thecake____________bymysisterforthepartytonight.A.willbemadeB.makesC.ismakingD.hasmade8.Thebook___________bymanypeoplebeforebeingpublished.A.willbereadB.readsC.isreadingD.hasbeenread9.Themeeting___________bytheCEO.A.willbechairedB.chairsC.ischairingD.haschaired10.Thecar___________lastweek.A.wasstolenB.stealsC.hasstolenD.willsteal11.Thereport___________inthenextfewdays.A.willbereleasedB.releasesC.isreleasingD.hasreleased12.Thejoboffer__________bytheendoftheweek.A.willbemadeB.makesC.ismakingD.hasmade13.Thedishes___________bytherestaurant'schef.A.willbecookedB.cooksC.iscookingD.hascooked14.Theproblem__________tobesolvedassoonaspossible.A.needsB.neededC.needstobeD.neededtobe15.Thedecision___________bythemitteenextmonth.A.makesB.willbemadeC.ismakingD.hasmade考點(diǎn)四:主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義一．在主語(yǔ)是物的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由某些及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的不及物動(dòng)詞，如：sell，clean，write，wash等。這些不及物動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式常表被動(dòng)含義。Thebooksellswell.Theseclotheswasheasily.Mypenwritessmoothly.二．“want/need/require+doing”相當(dāng)于“want/need/require+tobedone”。Mybikeneedsrepairing=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.Yourhairneedscutting.Theplantwantswateringeveryday.Thisproblemrequiresdiscussingindetail.三．“beworth+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。Themovieisworthwatching.Thebookisworthreadingagain.四．感官動(dòng)詞作如feel,smell,sound,taste,look等作為系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常表示被動(dòng)含義。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.Theseapplessmelldelicious.Yourideasoundsgreat.Thecaketastesgood.Itlooksnice.五．某些表示“發(fā)生（happen,takeplace,occur）”、“爆發(fā)（breakout,burstout）”或“傳播”的不及物動(dòng)詞。Awarbrokeoutinthiscountrylastweek.Anaccidenthappenedatthefirstcrossingonthisstreet.ThemeetingwilltakeplaceonthemorningofFriday.練習(xí)七：根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。①這褲子賣得好。Thiskindofpants______well.②那個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。Thatstory________interesting.③這本書值得讀。Thisbookisworth________.④我的手表需要修理。Mywatchneeds________/____________________.考點(diǎn)五:無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞、不及物或某些短語(yǔ)(happen,takeplace,etrue,consistof,belong)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.—AreyougoingtoCindy’sbirthdaypartytomorrow?—I’mnotsure.IwillgowithyouifI_______. willinvite B.invite C.willbeinvited D.aminvited 2.Becauseit______everyday,thefloorisveryclean. A.cleaned B.willclean C.wascleaned D.iscleaned 3.—Don’tsmokehere,please.Smoking____inpublicplaces.—Oh,sorry.I’llstoprightnow.Isn’tallowed B.aren’tallowed C.Doesn’tallowD.allow4.Ournewlibrary______lastyear.Weenjoyreadingandstudyinginit.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.wasbuilt 5.Manyhouses______bythefloodandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A.damaged B.weredamagedC.weredamaging D.aredamaged 6.Somestudentsinthisschool______abroadasexchangestudentseveryyear.A.sentB.sendC.aresentD.sending7.Toeveryone’sgreatsurprise,thefamousactor’sstory______differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreported B.reported C.wasreporting D.reports 8.Ifitrainsthisweekend,oursportsmeeting________.A.iscancelled B.wascancelled C.willbecancelled D.cancelled9.Themagazinemay______foraweek.A.keep B.bekept C.borrow D.beborrowed 10.Iheardthatournewcars_______lastmonth.A.weretested B.aretested C.tests D.tested 11.Yourapplicationwon’t_____untilyoupletethesurvey.A.acceptB.receiveC.beacceptedD.bereceived12.Trees______alongtheroadlastyear.A.plant B.planted C.areplanted D.wereplanted 13.—What’swrongwiththatboy?—He_______byacaryesterday.ishit B.washit C.hit