外研版中考英語賓語從句語法講解

賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+賓語（陳述句語序）【注意：1~引導(dǎo)詞.that2~語序v.+主+謂由if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句3~時態(tài)：A.主句現(xiàn)在時從句任一時態(tài)】

由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語

和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether

①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

②在介詞前：Itdependson（依靠）whetheritisgoingtorain.

③與ornot連用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.語法點(diǎn)：由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

詞匯：if,whether,ask,wonder,know,…

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wantstoknow/wantedtoknowif/whether…

賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.【練習(xí)】1．—Couldyoutellme________?--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathy C.whenIcanmeetCathy2.–Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?-I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how3.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?

A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid

4.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

5.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

6.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.

A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

7.Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which賓語從句的時態(tài)

1.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。

如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句較長時；當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前時；當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時；當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時；當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時；當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時；當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時；在直接引語中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語時【練習(xí)】中考真題：39.—Haveyouaskedthepoliceman_______?—Yes.HetoldustoturnleftontoMainStreet.It’sontheright.A.ifthereisabanknearhereB.howcanwegettothenearestbankC.wherecanwefindabankD.whenwecangotothenearestbank44.-Doyouknow____?-8,844.43meters.It'sapopularplacewithmountainclimbers.A.howhighisQonolangmaB.howlongisQonolangmaC.howhighQomolangmaisD.howlongQonolangmais43.Davidasked______inChina.Ofcoursenot.Chineseusuallyshakehandswithaladyasagreeting.A.whyhecangreetaladybykissingherB.WhyhecouldgreetaladybykissingherC.WhetherhecangreetaladybykissingherD.Whetherhecouldgreetaladybykissingher45.-Iwonder______.-ItwillfallonaSaturday.A.howwillNationalDayfallonthisyearB.HowNationalDaywillfallonthisyearC.WhatdaywillNationalDayfallonthisyearD.WhatdayNationalDaywillfallonthisyear練習(xí)根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子

4.請你告訴我去鐘樓怎麼走嗎？

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?

2.父親說他買了一臺新電腦。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..

3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.

4.你知道一個雙人間多少錢嗎？

Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______?

5.叔叔說他正在寫一本新小說。

Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.

6.杰克說他有重要事情要做。

Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.

二．選擇填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein三、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwant