中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講精練專項(xiàng)六 介詞課件

2024河北中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講精練專項(xiàng)六

介詞考點(diǎn)突破2024備考提能訓(xùn)練命題點(diǎn)一

介詞的基本用法一、表時(shí)間1.辨析in，on與at用法示例in用于世紀(jì)、年代、年、月、季節(jié)或泛指一天的上午、下午、傍晚、白天等in

the

21st

century在21世紀(jì)；in

2021在2021年；in

spring在春天；in

the

morning在早上on用于具體某一天（如：幾月幾日、星期幾、節(jié)日等）或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前on

September

1st在9月1日；on

Monday在周一；on

National

Day在國(guó)慶節(jié)；on

Saturday

morning在周六上午at用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前或黎明、正午、黃昏、午夜前at

one

o'clock在一點(diǎn)；at

8：00在八點(diǎn)；at

noon在中午2.辨析

in，after

與before含義及用法示例in“in+時(shí)間段”表示“過(guò)……（時(shí)間）以后”，常與將來(lái)時(shí)連用in

five

years五年后after后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用，表示“……之后”I

will

go

to

school

after

seven

o'clock.我將在七點(diǎn)之后去上學(xué)。后接時(shí)間段，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示“……之后”Tom

finished

school

after

three

years.湯姆三年后畢業(yè)了。before在……之前Lily

must

go

to

bed

before

9：00。莉莉必須九點(diǎn)前上床睡覺(jué)。3.辨析during，by

和until含義及用法示例during在……期間during

the

summer

holiday在暑假期間byby+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示“到……為止；不遲于；在……前”I

will

finish

the

work

by

Friday.星期五之前我會(huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。until“直到……”，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間We

must

work

here

until

10

o'clock.我們必須在這兒工作到10點(diǎn)鐘。4.辨析for與sincesince+時(shí)間點(diǎn)=for+一段時(shí)間，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用）。如：since

3

years

ago=for

3

years二、表方位1.辨析at，on，in與to含義及用法示例atat+小地點(diǎn)（建筑物、公共場(chǎng)所等）at

home

在家；at

the

bus

station在公交車站on在……（的平面）上on

the

desk在書桌上；on

the

floor在地板上表示兩地接壤Hunan

is

on

the

west

of

Jiangxi.湖南在江西的西邊。含義及用法示例inin+大地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家、省、城市等）in

China在中國(guó)；in

Hebei在河北；in

the

city在城市在……里（周圍環(huán)境是立體的地方）in

the

forest在森林里；in

the

classroom在教室里表示兩地接壤Guangdong

lies

on

the

east

of

Guangxi.廣東在廣西的東邊。to在……范圍之外，不接壤Japan

is

to

the

east

of

China.日本在中國(guó)的東部。續(xù)表2.辨析between與among（1）between表示在兩者之間。如：The

dog

is

between

the

two

trees.這只狗在兩棵樹(shù)之間。（2）among表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之間。如：The

dog

sits

among

a

group

of

cats.這只狗坐在一群貓中間。3.辨析on，over，above，under與below含義及用法示例助記on在……上面（接觸）There

is

a

pen

on

the

book

and

another

book

is

beneath

it.在書上有一支鋼筆并且在書下有另一本書。over在……正上方（垂直不接觸）Over

the

table

is

a

chandelier.桌子上面是個(gè)吊燈。含義及用法示例助記above在……上方（泛指）The

plane

is

flying

above

the

clouds.飛機(jī)在云層上面飛行。under在……正下方（垂直不接觸）The

cat

is

under

the

table.小貓?jiān)谧雷酉旅?。below在……下方（泛指）The

temperature

dropped

below

zero.溫度降到零下。續(xù)表4.其他方位介詞含義示例behind在……后面The

small

dog

is

behind

the

door.那只小狗在門后。inside在……里面Don't

stay

inside

the

buildings

when

an

earthquake

happens.當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候，不要待在建筑物里面。beside在……旁邊David，do

you

mind

my

sitting

beside

you?戴維，你介意我坐在你旁邊嗎？三、表動(dòng)向辨析across，through，over與past含義及用法例句across“橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)”指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊Go

across

the

street，and

you

will

see

the

school.過(guò)了馬路你就會(huì)看到學(xué)校。through“穿過(guò)；透過(guò)”，指從某一物體的空間內(nèi)部穿過(guò)Go

through

the

forest，and

you

will

see

a

river.穿過(guò)森林，你將會(huì)看到一條河流。含義及用法例句over“越過(guò)；翻過(guò)”，指從某一物體的上方越過(guò)或空間范圍之上通過(guò)，表面不接觸The

plane

flew

over

the

mountains.飛機(jī)從那些山峰的上方飛過(guò)。past“經(jīng)過(guò)”，指從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)The

teacher

saw

the

boy

sleeping

when

he

walked

past

the

classroom.當(dāng)老師經(jīng)過(guò)教室時(shí)，他看到那個(gè)男孩正在睡覺(jué)。續(xù)表四、表方式辨析with，in，by與on用法例句with“用，以，借助于”，后常接工具或身體部位①I

often

do

my

homework

with

a

pen.我經(jīng)常用鋼筆寫作業(yè)。②Elephants

drink

water

with

their

trunks.大象用鼻子喝水。in“用……”，后接語(yǔ)言、聲音、顏色等①Can

you

say

it

in

English？你能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)它嗎？②The

girl

in

red

is

my

friend.穿紅色衣服的女孩是我的朋友。用法例句byby+交通工具，意為“乘；坐”I

go

to

school

by

bike.我騎自行車上學(xué)。by+doing，意為“通過(guò)……方式”I

improve

my

English

by

speaking

more.我通過(guò)多說(shuō)來(lái)提高英語(yǔ)。on“通過(guò)……”，后接電子產(chǎn)品/通訊工具I

could

do

all

my

work

on

the

computer.我能通過(guò)電腦完成所有工作。續(xù)表五、其他介詞含義及用法例句for為，給；對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)Mother

bought

a

pen

for

me.媽媽給我買了一支鋼筆。from從……We're

open

from

8：00

a.m.to

7：00

p.m.every

day.我們每天從早上8點(diǎn)到晚上7點(diǎn)營(yíng)業(yè)。of……的a

map

of

China一幅中國(guó)地圖about關(guān)于；大約（+數(shù)字）It's

a

book

about

animals.這是一本關(guān)于動(dòng)物的書。含義及用法例句withwith+人“和某人一起”I

play

games

with

my

classmates.我和我的同學(xué)們玩游戲。帶有/有a

girl

with

long

hair一個(gè)長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)的女孩；a

book

with

a

green

cover一本綠皮書without沒(méi)有；不He

often

goes

to

work

without

breakfast.他經(jīng)常不吃早餐就去上班。over遍及；超過(guò)There

are

over

two

hundred

people

in

the

park.公園里有兩百多人。續(xù)表含義及用法例句against反對(duì)；對(duì)抗；緊靠We

will

play

against

them

this

afternoon.今天下午我們將跟他們比賽。into在……里Mr.White

came

into

the

classroom

with

a

smile.懷特先生面帶笑容走進(jìn)了教室。except“除……之外”Everyone

is

very

happy

except

him.除了他，每個(gè)人都很開(kāi)心。besides“除了”，包括后面提到的人或物I

learn

English

and

math

besides

Chinese.除了語(yǔ)文，我還學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。續(xù)表1.（2022河北）Look!The

fish

is

swimming

fast

___

the

river.BA.at

B.in

C.of

D.by2.（2021河北）I

eat

rice

___

beef

and

potatoes.It's

delicious.CA.in

B.on

C.with

D.for3.（2020河北）When

are

you

arriving?I'll

pick

you

up

___the

station.AA.at

B.to

C.on

D.off4.（2019河北）This

story

is

___

simple

English.My

little

sister

can

read

it.BA.for

B.in

C.with

D.by5.（2017河北）Just

walk

down

this

road

and

you'll

see

the

museum

___

your

right.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.by6.（2023丹東）Everything

begins

to

grow

___

spring.It's

full

of

hope.AA.in

B.on

C.at

D.for7.（2023懷化）The

earthquake

in

Türkiye（土耳其）

happened

___

February

6，2023.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.to8.（2023綏化改編）—Did

Alan

and

Lily

join

the

art

club

___

June?—Yes，I

joined

it，too.BA.on

B.in

C.at

D.to9.（2023唐山豐南區(qū)一模）We

have

history

class

___

three

o'clock

every

Friday

afternoon.AA.at

B.on

C.in

D.to10.（2023東營(yíng)）Bees

（蜜蜂）

can

help

plants

grow.

___

bees，we

wouldn't

have

enough

food.DA.From

B.Like

C.Except

D.Without命題點(diǎn)二

介詞短語(yǔ)及固定搭配at短語(yǔ)at

birth出生時(shí)

at

home在家里

at

last最后

at

noon/night在中午/晚上at

work在工作

at

the

same

time同時(shí)

at

times有時(shí)

at

midnight在午夜at

the

moment在此刻

at

once立刻，馬上

at

least至少in短語(yǔ)in

common共同的

in

danger處于危險(xiǎn)中

in

hospital住院

in

time及時(shí)in

English用英語(yǔ)

in

fact事實(shí)上

in

public當(dāng)眾；公開(kāi)地

in

person親自

in

silence沉默地in

surprise吃驚地

in

the

future將來(lái)

in

the

end最后

in

the

daytime在白天in

trouble處于困境中

in

a

hurry匆忙

in

the

way擋道

in

order

to為了of短語(yǔ)as

a

result

of由于

ahead

of在……前面

because

of因?yàn)?/p>

first

of

all首先

instead

of而不是

of

course當(dāng)然

all

of

a

sudden突然地on短語(yǔ)on

business出差

on

display陳列

on

duty值班

on

foot步行

on

holiday在休假on

one's

own獨(dú)自

on

purpose故意

on

sale降價(jià)銷售；出售

on

show展出

on

time準(zhǔn)時(shí)on

the

earth在地球上

on

the

way在路上

on

the

telephone在接/打電話on

the

other

hand另一方面

on

the

right/left在右/左邊to短語(yǔ)according

to根據(jù)

close

to接近

thanks

to幸虧；由于to

one's

surprise/joy令某人吃驚/高興的是by短語(yǔ)by

air坐飛機(jī)

by

bus坐公交車

by

accident偶然地

by

mistake錯(cuò)誤地by

the

way順便說(shuō)一下其他短語(yǔ)for

example例如

such

as例如

together

with和……一起續(xù)表1.（2023齊齊哈爾改編）Bills

is

___all

the

other

runners.It

seems

that

he

will

be

the

winner.CA.next

to

B.far

from

C.ahead

of

D.in

a

hurry2.（2023鎮(zhèn)江）Our

school

provides

so

many

colorful

after-school

activities

on

Fridays，but

each

student

can

only

choose

___

two

activities.DA.at

first

B.at

last

C.at

least

D.at

most3.（2022賀州）___

my

opinion，we

should

be

proud

of

our

country.CA.For

B.At

C.In

D.Of4.（2023涼山州改編）There

are

a

lot

of

ways

to

keep

healthy.

___，we

can

do

more

exercise

and

eat

less

junk

food.CA.To

our

surprise

B.In

the

end

C.For

example

D.In

fact5.（2022黃岡）—It's

impolite

to

speak

loudly

___.—I

think

so.CA.in

fact

B.in

time

C.in

public

D.in

danger單項(xiàng)選擇。1.（2023撫順）The

girl

takes

her

dog

for

a

walk

___

the

river

every

evening.BA.in

B.along

C.over

D.under2.（2023廊坊安次區(qū)一模）I

usually

make

breakfast

for

my

family

___

Sundays.AA.on

B.in

C.at

D.from3.（2023白銀）The

cat

in

Picture

___

is

on

the

box.BA.&1&

B.&2&

C.&3&

D.&4&

4.（2023青海改編）The

four

pandas

in

Chongqing

Zoo

were

born

on

the

same

day___

2019.CA.on

B.at

C.in

D.for5.（2023無(wú)錫）A

new

bridge

was

built

___

the

Yellow

River

last

year.BA.around

B.across

C.against

D.along6.（2023涼山州改編）—The