2023年06月英語六級真題(第3套)

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機(jī)密*啟用前

大學(xué)英語六級考試

COLLEGEENGLISHTEST

一BandSix一

（2023年6月第3套）

試題冊

敬告考生

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全國大學(xué)英語四、六級考試委員會

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PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceof

motivationandmethodsinlearning.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200

words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

特別說明：由于2019年6月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，第三套真題聽力試卷與第1套或第2套

內(nèi)容一致，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectone

wordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthe

passagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby

aletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26become

brittle(脆地)attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,

though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,

whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness一withouttheneedforexpensive28.____

Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorld

War.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用魚雷攻擊)numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleet

lifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorth_

Atlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.

Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchas

oilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensive

metalssuchasnickel.

YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,

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theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanical

deformation,knownastempforming.

Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33

tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.

Kimura'steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,such

asbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheir

weight一byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamount

ofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.

A)abruptlyI)cracked

B)additivesJ)fractures

C)approachK)hollow

D)ardentlyL)relevant

E)besiegedM)

F)channelreshuffled

G)comparableN)strived

H)components

exclusively

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedto

it.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraph

fromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph

ismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.

Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere——arewereadyforit?

A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.

Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinary

people.Justlikedrones(無人機(jī))beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningto

fundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.

B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatelliteshold

tremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,

asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsible

usegrow.ThequestionhereisnolongerbutWhatarethepotentialdownsides

ofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeled

technologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthat

hasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.

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C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutof

sciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreated

'sshape.Themost

commonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenfora

paperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly

Multiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachieved

byoneCubeSatalone.

D)Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsand

communicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswell

asspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)-aneasilyaccessible

regionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionslikethe

HubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattain

moredistantorbits;NASAplansfbrmostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonand

Marsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.

E)Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarth'sorbit

thanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizona

StateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas

$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementary

schoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.

F)ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudents

todesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSRsSputnik

(前蘇聯(lián)地人造衛(wèi)星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghave

alllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASA

EducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesfbreducationalgroups

andsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellites

arenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.

G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientific

discoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.Yetitalsoacknowledges

thatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-flee.Thegreatestconcerntheauthors

raiseisspacedebris-piecesofthatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseserious

damageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.

H)Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensupto

moreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,

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I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnoWsthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossible

consequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.Inan

erawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesover

ourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some

J)In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterham

radioenthusiasts'(業(yè)余無線電愛好者)participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.It

continuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCARaU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunched

theveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationof

craze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open.

sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple,Withintheorganization,AMSAHasaphilosophy

ofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfully

availabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.Accordingtoamember

oftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthatthere'snoway

tosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryone

hasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.

K)However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganization

guardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.

Thisformofispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,over

time,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyin

general.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon'thavedeeprootswithintheexisting

culture?

L)Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standing

amateurestablishment.They'restillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesof

regulations-allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere'sa

dangerthey'reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whatthese

unintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanbe

remarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingas

seeminglybenignasthecellphone-wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingat

oneendofthespectrum,andimprovised(臨時(shí)制作地)explosivedevicesattheother.

M)ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant-not

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simplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargercommunity

inanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasy

task.YettheevidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhat

responsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,

ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunitiesconsiderstoberesponsible,actually

is.Here'swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernment

agenciesandscientificcommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomay

potentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.

36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuse

ofsatellites.

37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.

38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.

39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.

40.AMSATiscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheir

satellites.

41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.

42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSat

technologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.

43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstoother

spacevehicles.

44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.

45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,

preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle

linethroughthecentre.

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PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitary

self-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohave

workfriendsonceagain.Itwasn'tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,for

meatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn'temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprising

whenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportance

ofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredtheway

inwhichcollegial（同事地）tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffecting

productivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,

anger,andmore.

Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningful

conversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereas

now,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirely

fulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.

Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,

researchershavelookedattheconceptofIfsasimpletermthat

encapsulates（概括）thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,

inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.

Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconducted

thusfarindicatesthey5reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceover

cooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamong

thosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsome

ofus,toomucheffort.

Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachin

resolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempirically

provenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretime

workingandchurning（產(chǎn)出）.

Theotherissei任esteem.Ashumanbeings,we'reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachother

inwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoreso

thanfriends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferent

relationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals5senseofself-worth.

Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationships

hasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone'sfocusontaskresolution,

andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-work

socializingbut,hey,I'lltakeitanyway.

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46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?

A)Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.

B)Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.

C)Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.

D)Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.

47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?

A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.

B)Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.

C)Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.

D)Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.

48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?

A)Theyshouldbecultivated.

B)Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.

C)Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.

D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.

49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?

A)TheyfeelUncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.

B)Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.

C)TheyareUnwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainWorkplacerelationships.

D)Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.

50.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?

A)TheyprovidefunatWork.

B)Theyhelpcontrolemotions.

C)Theyhelpresolvedifferences.

D)TheyimproveWorkefficiency.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwe

believemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean

response.

OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2017wastheeffortsofGoogle

tomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Google?sself-drivingcarsclocked

1,023,330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery

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8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:

humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuch

progress,Google?scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.

Drivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputer

beatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo(圍棋)tookoverfromchessasa

newtestforhumanthinkingin2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworld'sleadingprofessional

Goplayers.Withcomputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeanin

thefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebeinaworld

wheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He'llnevercalculatefaster,neverdrive

better,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:What's

sospecialaboutus?Itcan'tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.So

for,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredicted

byacomputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.

Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,we'llsoonhavehelpful

rationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthan

tocompetewithit.IfPmright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogical

creativitywillcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducation

sys