2024年青島市高三一模英語高考模擬試卷試題（含答案詳解）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁青島市2024年高三年級第一次適應(yīng)性檢測英語注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。AMonet:TheImmersive(沉浸式)ExperienceMonet:TheImmersiveExperienceinLiègeinvitesyoutostepintotheworldoftheFrenchpainterClaudeMonet,oneofthegreatestartisticgeniusesofthenineteenthcentury!ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaudeMonetwiththehelpofadigital360-degreepresentation.Theuniqueexhibitionconceptisstagedwithstate-of-the-artmultimediatechnology,whichshowsverylargeimagesofMonet’spaintingsonthewallsandfloorsofthebuilding.Ithasmusic,thesmellofflowers,andvoice-overinseverallanguagestomakethepaintingscomealiveinawayneverseenbefore.TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsareguidedthroughthreeexperiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitorsnotonlywithaninsight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonet’slife,hisworkandhismasterpieces.Practicalinfo·Date:fromMarch2024·Openinghours:Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pmFriday:10:00am-8:00pmSaturday:9:00am-8:00pmSunday:9:00am-7:00pmMondayandTuesday:Closed·Duration:thevisitwilltakearound60to75minutes·Location:EgliseSaint-Pholien,RueSaint-Pholien,4020Liège·PleaseconsulttheFAQsofthisexperiencehere1．HowdoestheexhibitionhelpvisitorsexploreMonet’spaintings?A．Itusesdigitaltechnology. B．Itgiveslecturesonart.C．Itoffersstagestovisitors. D．Itprovideslanguageservices.2．Whatwillvisitorsexperienceinthethreerooms?A．AnexplorationonFrenchart. B．Anintroductorytourofpainters.C．AuniquejourneytoMonet’sworld. D．AnencounterwithMonet-inspiredartworks.3．Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedvisitingtime?A．11:30am(Wed,Feb21). B．10:00am(Tue,Mar19).C．6:30pm(Thur,Mar28). D．4:00pm(Sun,Apr7).BTheMusicEducatorAward,thisyear,wenttoAnnieRay,anorchestra(管弦樂隊)directoratAnnandaleHighSchool.Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.RaygottoattendtheawardsceremonyinLosAngelesandbringhomea$10,000prize.RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.Rayalsoworkswithalocalcharitytogivedamagedinstrumentsasecondlifeinherclassroom.Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic.Themostimportantistogivestudentsachancetodeveloptheircooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.Raypushesherstudentstobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneandrealizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsoundsbeforelearninghowtomakegoodsounds.Andtheyteachheralotinreturn.”Theychangedmyeducationalphilosophy.Iunderstandwhatittrulymeanstomeetastudentwherethey’reatandapplythatelsewhere,”shesaid.Thewarmreceptionontheceremonywasmeaningful.Actually,notmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileheradministrationissupportive,thatlackofunderstandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Anotherisresources.Shesaysherschool“desperately”needsnewinstruments.Shewillusesomeofherprizemoneytobuymore.Rayalsoplanstoputsomeofthemoneytowardsanongoingscholarshipforstudentswhowanttopursuemusicwhentheygraduate.Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularlyinterestedinmusic,andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams”Itishardbuttrulysatisfying,”Raysaid.“Andthere’snothingelselikeitforthem.”4．WhatcanwelearnaboutRayfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Shehostedtheawardceremony. B．Shebroughtmusictomorepeople.C．Shegaveawayinstrumentstothepoor. D．Shefoundedalocalcharityforchildren.5．Whatdostudentsbenefitmostfromtheorchestra?A．Theyacquirein-depthmusicalknowledge. B．Theymakefriendswiththelike-minded.C．Theygainpersonalgrowthfromplayingmusic. D．Theyimprovetheirconnectionswitheducators.6．Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thereceptionontheceremony. B．Importanceofmusiceducation.C．Challengesformusiceducators. D．Planstoobtainresources.7．WhatdoesRayfindsatisfyingaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Winningascholarship. B．Developinginterestinmusic.C．Makingmusicalachievements. D．Transformingdreamsintoreality.CAnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—caglesdon’thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn’tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合歡樹)inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenyaSomeoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreeagainstherbivores(食草動物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleavesThisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin．“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn’ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions’changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inparagraph2mean?A．Direct. B．Discourage. C．Identify. D．Seek.9．Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A．Cooperatingwith“big-headed”ants. B．Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C．Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores. D．Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.10．Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat______.A．a(chǎn)nimalsfallvictimtobiggerones B．theecologyisontheroadtorecoveryC．a(chǎn)nimalsarecorelatedintheecosystem D．speciesarefirmlypositionedinthefoodchain11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatecologistsfindaboutanimals. B．WhyAfricanlionsareendangered.C．Howtinyantsaffectthewaylionshunt. D．HowthelawofthejungleworksinAfrica.DAtaconferencelastweek,Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice:

“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,afellowpsychologyprofessor.Hewasn’tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI’dmade—hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepback—tothenatureofscienceitself.Despitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks,andforscientificargumentstodevelopintopersonalbattles.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.Nosek’sadvicemaysoundpessimistic,butit’snotsoforeigntoscience.Philosophersofsciencesometimesrefertothe“pessimisticmeta-induction(元歸納)”onthehistoryofscience:Allofourpastscientifictheorieshavebeenwrong,sosurelyourcurrenttheorieswillturnouttobewrong,too.Thatdoesn’tmeanwehaven’tmadeprogress,butitdoesindicatethatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement—waystobelesswrong.Iliketheadvicebecauseitbuildsinanawarenessofourlimitationsandareadinesstoaccepttheunknown(“therearethingsIdonotknow!”)alongwithasensethatwecandobetter(“therearethingsIdonotknowyet!”).Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal—ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong—canhelpmakeupforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.12．WhydidNoseksendtheadvice?A．Toexpressopinionsaboutmyclaims. B．Toremindmetobeopentocriticism.C．Toencouragemetotakeupscience. D．Tobettermyunderstandingofpsychology.13．Howdoesassumingyouarewronghelp?A．Itmotivatesscientiststomakeefforts. B．Itaddressespersonalattacksandconflicts.C．Itsetsaconstructiveimprovementgoal. D．Itcontributestoadeeperinsightintoyourself.14．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsciencetheories?A．Dynamic. B．Testable. C．Pioneering. D．Well-established.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AccepttheUnknown B．AimtoBeLessWrongC．GetEngagedinPsychology D．DigintotheNatureofScience第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenyouthinkofyourclosestfriends,whowillcometoyourmind?Perhapsyourcollegeroommatesortheneighboryouplayedwithasachild.Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople,theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon:16A2023studyfoundthat,forthoseaged21to30,over80percentintheirsocialcircles,werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover,nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.Spendingourtimewithsuchanarrowgroupofpeoplecanfuelagesegregationandincreaseourloneliness.Theselimitationsalsokeepusfromothergenerations’mindsetsandpotentiallysurprisingpointsofconnection.17Ofcourse,theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.18DawnCarr,asociologyprofessor,saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology,forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.19Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”.20Lila,aged75,wasproudthatherlifeexperiencespreparedhertogiveadvicetoheryoungfriendwithdepression,forwhichtheyoungwasgrateful.Also,olderfriendsoffermoreexamplesofwhatgrowingupcanlooklike.Ifsomeone’sparentsaretheonlyolderpeopletheyknowwell,theymightfailtopictureotherpossibilities.Agreaterpoolofolderfriendscanhelpyoungpeoplecreatetheirownblueprint.A．Youbefriendthosewholivearound.B．They’reallroughlythesameageasyou.C．Othersmightfindjoyinexposuretonewideas.D．Broughtcloser,bothseemorethanonebenefit.E．Youngerfriendscanbeareminderofpastselves.F．Formingthesekindsoffriendshipisparticularlyhardtoday.G．Indeed,intergenerationalrelationshipisneveraone-waystreet.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whenmyfatherwasateenager,hehadbeendeclaredaprodigy(天才)byhisartteacher.He21tobecomeanartteacherandhadsome22ofhispaintings.Butwhenmymothergotill,hiscreativelifeceased.Irememberedmyfather’s23forart.Oneday,Iaskedwhetherhewasinterestedindrawingacartoon.Myfatherwasnotmuchofa24.Whenlearningtodrive,Ihadaskedifitwasmoreimportantto25thecarsaheadorthosebehind.“Both.”Thenhewas26forthenextthreemiles.Hegaveno27answertomyquery(詢問).Iaskedagainthefollowingday.Stillnoreal28.Iultimately29theidea.Iunderstoodhehadenoughonhisplatealready.Butaweeklater,Ireceivedanemailfrommyfather—witha(n)30.IdownloadedthefileandtherewasthecartoonIhadaskedhimtodraw!Webegantodrawcartoons.Theprocessofcreatinggavehim31.Ashebuilthisartmusclesbackup,histeenageself’senthusiasm32.Heisnowpainting,drawingandtalkingsomuchIhaveto33I’mgettingacalltoescapehis34.IfheweretoaskmewhetherIwasprouderofthecartoonorofhimturninghislifearound,Iwouldsay,“35.”21．A．wenton B．a(chǎn)greed C．seemed D．happened22．A．records B．copies C．exhibits D．celebrations23．A．choice B．love C．skill D．idea24．A．talker B．teacher C．painter D．thinker25．A．driveoff B．rushthrough C．lookinto D．concentrateon26．A．careful B．silent C．impatient D．polite27．A．definite B．relevant C．simple D．clever28．A．channel B．response C．message D．word29．A．dropped B．failed C．forgot D．regretted30．A．list B．present C．budget D．a(chǎn)ttachment31．A．freedom B．safety C．purpose D．trust32．A．grew B．returned C．a(chǎn)ppeared D．mixed33．A．pretend B．state C．joke D．mention34．A．excitement B．disappointment C．embarrassment D．a(chǎn)musement35．A．Myself B．You C．Neither D．Both第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChineseLoongisthefifthanimalofthe12-yearChinesezodiaccycle,36(consider)tobemythicalandsymbolicoffortune.Recently,salesofthingswithdragonelementshavewitnessedexplosivegrowthone-commerceplatforms.Datafromane-commerceplatformshowthatsearches37dragon-relatedgoodsviaitsonlinemarketplacehavereached23million.38issaidthatsinceJanuary,goodswithdragon-themedelements,suchasdailynecessities,alcoholandgoldjewelry,39(prefer)byconsumers.Thepurchasingexcitementisexpectedto40(huge)boostconsumerconfidenceandimprovetherecoveryofconsumption．Purchasesbythepost-1990sandpost-2000sgenerationsaccountedfornearly55%,whileconsumersinGuangdongprovince,Beijing,Jiangsuprovinceinthatorder,41(be)thetopthreespendersondragon-featureditems.BecausethedragonisanimportantsymbolofChinesetraditionalculture42goodluck,Chineseconsumersareexpressingtheirhopesfor43betterlifeinthenewyear.“BrandsshouldcapitalizeontraditionalChineseculturetolaunchmoreinnovative44(product),”aresearchfellowsaid,45(stress)thatSpringFestivalisthetraditionalfestivalChinesepeopleattachthemostimportanceto,andit’salsoapeakseasonforconsumption.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假定你是李華，你校今年開設(shè)了蔬菜栽培、傳統(tǒng)工藝（handcraft）等實踐課程。請你給外國好友John寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．你的參與情況；2．你的體會。注意：1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJohn,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ibeggedmymomtoletmemakecookiesbymyself.EventhoughIhadneverattemptedbakingbefore,IwasnineyearsoldandmyfriendEmmiehadbeenbakingcupcakesbyherselfforayear.IwasdeterminedtoprovethatIcouldmakeit.Mybrother,Caleb,laughedattheideaofmecookingalone,callingitadisaster.Havingabigbrothercanbeannoying.Despitehislaughing,mymomagreedtoletmetry.SheremindedmetotakemytimeandbecarefulbecauseI’dhadsomemessyspillsbeforeIwasnine.Iracedtothekitchenandwenttowork.Icrackedeggsandputacoldstickofbutterintothebowl.Iturnedonthemixeratmediumspeed—andwhoa.Whoa.Whoa!Whatadisaster!Ihadtowipebutteroffmyface,thenoffthetableandfloor.Calebmadefunofmeagain,callingmeamess.Ichasedhimawaywithaspoonandturnedbacktothemixingbowl.Istartedagainwithsofterbutter.Referringtotherecipe,Ipouredeverythingneededintothebowlandmixedit.Afterthat,Iputroundbatter(面糊)ontothecookiesheetandputitintotheoven(烤箱).Withinaminute,afantasticsmellfilledthekitchen—thesmellofcookiesuccess!IwasgoingtoprovethatIwasresponsible.Nomoreeye-rollingfrommybrother.Nomore“You’retooyoung”frommyparents.Iwasgrownupandincontrol.Istaredintotheoven,andmyheartsank.Theneat,littleballshadmelted(融化)andoverflowedtotheedgesofthecookiesheet.IpulledthepanoutjustasCalebwanderedbackintothekitchen.“Whatintheworld?”Hestartedtolaugh.“Cookiesoup?”“Youjustbequiet,”Iwhispered,tryingnottocry.“Justleavemealone.”“How’sitgoinginthere?”Dadcalledfromthelivingroom.Calebraisedhiseyebrowsandbithislip.Irespondedthateverythingwasfine,pouringthemeltedbatterintothebowlquickly.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1:Ipickedupthedirections,wonderingwhathadgonewrong．___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Ibroughtaplateofcookiesintothelivingroomformyparents．___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．A2．C3．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個數(shù)字藝術(shù)展覽的相關(guān)信息。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaudeMonetwiththehelpofadigital360-degreepresentation.(在數(shù)字360度演示的幫助下，探索克勞德·莫奈的一些最令人驚嘆的畫作。)”可知，這個展覽通過數(shù)字科技幫助游客探索莫奈的畫作。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsareguidedthroughthreeexperiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitorsnotonlywithaninsight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonet’slife,hisworkandhismasterpieces.(為了充分進入這位法國畫家的世界，游客們被引導(dǎo)到三個體驗室。每個房間都是自己的亮點，不僅為游客提供了洞察力，而且還為莫奈的生活，他的工作和他的杰作提供了新的體驗和新的觀點。)”可知，游客們在三個體驗室可以體驗一次獨特的莫奈世界之旅。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Practicalinfo部分的“Date:fromMarch2024(日期：2024年3月起)”和“Openinghours:Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pm，F(xiàn)riday:10:00am-8:00pm，Saturday:9:00am-8:00pm，Sunday:9:00am-7:00pm，MondayandTuesday:Closed(開放時間：周三，周四：上午10點至下午7點，周五：上午10點至晚上8點，周六：上午9點至晚上8點，周日：上午9點至晚上7點，周一和周二：關(guān)閉)”可知，推薦的游覽時間是4月7日，星期天下午4點。故選D。4．B5．C6．C7．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。本文講述音樂教育工作者Ray把音樂帶給更多的人，并因此獲得了音樂教育工作者獎。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.(她因努力讓所有學(xué)生，特別是殘疾學(xué)生都能接觸到音樂而受到認(rèn)可)”和第二段的“RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.(雷為有嚴(yán)重智力和發(fā)育障礙的學(xué)生創(chuàng)建了Crescendo管弦樂隊，同時還成立了一個家長管弦樂隊，每年教近200名照顧者和他們的孩子演奏同樣的樂器)”可知，她把音樂帶給了更多人。故選B。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Themostimportantistogivestudentsachancetodeveloptheircooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.Raypushesherstudentstobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneandrealizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsoundsbeforelearninghowtomakegoodsounds.(最重要的是給學(xué)生一個機會來發(fā)展他們的合作技能，犯錯誤和學(xué)習(xí)改進的藝術(shù)。雷鼓勵她的學(xué)生要勇敢，走出他們的舒適區(qū)，并意識到在學(xué)習(xí)如何發(fā)出好聲音之前，他們必須先學(xué)會如何發(fā)出壞聲音。)”可知，學(xué)生從彈奏音樂中獲得最大的益處是個人成長。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Actually,notmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileheradministrationissupportive,thatlackofunderstandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Anotherisresources.Shesaysherschool“desperately”needsnewinstruments.Shewillusesomeofherprizemoneytobuymore.(實際上，沒有多少人真正了解音樂教育者到底是做什么的，也沒有多少人了解他們的工作有多重要。雖然她的政府是支持的，但缺乏理解是整個行業(yè)面臨的一個問題。另一個是資源。她說，她的學(xué)?！捌惹小毙枰碌膬x器。她會用一些獎金買更多的東西)”可知，本段主要講述了音樂教育工作者面臨的困難。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段的“Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularlyinterestedinmusic,andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams.”Itishardbuttrulysatisfying,”Raysaid.“Andthere’snothingelselikeitforthem.”(她認(rèn)識幾個對音樂特別感興趣的人，她的目標(biāo)是為他們提供實現(xiàn)音樂夢想所需的經(jīng)濟支持?！斑@很難，但確實令人滿意，”雷說?！皩λ麄儊碚f，沒有什么比這更好的了?！?”可知，令雷滿意的事幫助對音樂特別感興趣的人實現(xiàn)音樂夢想。故選D。8．B9．B10．C11．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivores(螞蟻正在積極攻擊并趕走試圖以樹葉為食的食草動物。這是非常有效的；螞蟻不僅在身體上傷害食草動物)”可知，螞蟻對合歡樹具有保護作用。由此猜測“ butalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.”意為“螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛在攻擊者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，即deter意為“阻止”，與discourage同義。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.(螞蟻的入侵影響了一件又一件事。這使得金合歡樹無法抵御食草動物，尤其是大象。大象吃金合歡的速度是未被入侵地區(qū)的5到7倍。獅子在尋找食物的時候，沒有更多的樹可以用來躲藏。)”可知，在食物鏈中大象破壞獅子的藏身之處。故選B。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.(來自佛羅里達州的生態(tài)學(xué)家托德·帕爾默(ToddPalmer)說:“這些微小的入侵者正在拉動非洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的紐帶，決定誰被吃掉，在哪里被吃掉。”)”和最后一段“Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.(已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕的獅子正在設(shè)法解決這個問題，不再把注意力集中在斑馬身上。斑馬，當(dāng)然，可以更好地看到它們靠近，因為缺乏掩護。相反，它們的目標(biāo)是水牛。)”可知，螞蟻的入侵導(dǎo)致金合歡樹大量被吃，使得獅子在狩獵時失去掩護，這導(dǎo)致以斑馬為主食的獅子轉(zhuǎn)而獵殺水牛。由此推知，作者提到獅子、斑馬和水牛是為了說明動物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選C。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段“ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.(但是東非的獅子應(yīng)該關(guān)注這些看起來微不足道的螞蟻，因為這些螞蟻正在改變它們的生活方式。)”可知，文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。故選C。12．B13．C14．A15．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了作者對在科學(xué)研究中“假設(shè)你是錯的”這條建議的看法，并肯定了它所帶來的好處。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hewasn’tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI’dmade—hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.(他并沒有反對我的任何特定主張——他提出了一個追求更好科學(xué)的策略，并鼓勵其他人也這樣做。)”和第三段中的“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.(相反，從你錯了的假設(shè)開始，批評更容易被視為一個有用的提示，一個如何減少錯誤的建設(shè)性建議——這是你的批評者可能也有的同樣目標(biāo))”可知，Nosek提出的這條建議是一個追求更好科學(xué)的策略，從假設(shè)自己錯了開始，就會更容易接受批評，讓自己減少錯誤，由此可推測出，Nosek提出這條建議是為了提醒作者對批評持開放態(tài)度。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.(相反，從你錯了的假設(shè)開始，批評更容易被視為一個有用的提示，一個如何減少錯誤的建設(shè)性建議——這是你的批評者可能也有的同樣目標(biāo))”可知，假設(shè)你錯了可以幫助你獲得如何減少錯誤的建設(shè)性建議，而減少錯誤或許是你和你的批評者的共同目標(biāo)，由此可推測出，假設(shè)你錯了可以幫助設(shè)立一個建設(shè)性的改進目標(biāo)。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.(正如科學(xué)理論在變化，科學(xué)方法也在變化)”可知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)理論是變化的、動態(tài)的。故選A。15．標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Ataconferencelastweek,Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice:‘Assumeyouarewrong.’(在上周的一次會議上，我收到了一條有趣的建議：‘假設(shè)你錯了?！?”和最后一段最后一句“Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal—ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong—canhelpmakeupforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.(也許關(guān)注一個共同的目標(biāo)——我們作為科學(xué)家和人類的目標(biāo)是減少錯誤——可以幫助彌補科學(xué)動機或溝通中的任何傷害)”可知，本文主要討論了在科學(xué)研究中“假設(shè)你是錯的”這個方法，它有助于讓所有人關(guān)注減少錯誤這一共同目標(biāo)，從而讓科學(xué)取得進步，由此可推測出，B項“力求減少錯誤”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。16．B17．E18．D19．C20．G【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了老年人和年輕人交朋友給雙方都會帶來的好處。16．根據(jù)上文“Regardlessofhowyoumetthesepeople,theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon(不管你是怎么認(rèn)識這些人的，他們很可能有一個關(guān)鍵的共同點)”以及后文“A2023studyfoundthat,forthoseaged21to30,over80percentintheirsocialcircles,werebornwithinfiveyearsofthem.Moreover,nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolderoryoungerthanthem.(2023年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于21歲至30歲的人來說，社交圈中超過80%的人是在5年內(nèi)出生的。此外，近63%的成年人沒有比自己大或小15歲的親密朋友。)”可知，本句主要說明上文提到的共同點是什么，結(jié)合后文的研究可知這些人都年紀(jì)接近。故B選項“他們都和你差不多大。”符合語境，故選B。17．根據(jù)后文“Ofcourse,theonesthatareoldermightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.(當(dāng)然，那些年齡較大的可能會讓我們對未來幾年有一個簡要的了解。)”可知，后文提到了年齡大的朋友會讓我們了解未來，與此對應(yīng)的，可知本句是正在說明年輕的朋友會讓我們想起過去。故E選項“年輕的朋友可以提醒你過去的自己。”符合語境，故選E。18．根據(jù)上文“Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.(一個在老年中心外開辦學(xué)校的項目對此做了很多介紹。)”以及后文“DawnCarr,asociologyprofessor,saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp—withnewtechnology,forinstance—theiryoungerfriendsoffered.(社會學(xué)教授道恩?卡爾說，大多數(shù)老年人從年輕朋友提供的實際幫助中獲益良多，比如新技術(shù)。)”可知，本句主要說明項目介紹了老年人和年輕人相處會得到好處。故D選項“拉近距離，兩者都看到了不止一個好處?！狈险Z境，故選D。19．根據(jù)后文“Havingfunwithsomeonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”.(和比自己小幾十歲的人玩得開心，絕對可以減輕他們“表現(xiàn)得像同齡人”的壓力。)”可知，后文提到了年紀(jì)大的人和比自己小幾十歲的人玩得開心，可以減輕心理壓力，即心理層面的好處。故C選項“其他人可能會從接觸新思想中找到樂趣?！狈险Z境，故選C。20．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Lila,ag