第07講長難句分析與閱讀C篇突破大學(xué)四級詞匯進(jìn)階題型綜合練

第07講：長難句分析與閱讀C篇突破第07講：長難句分析與閱讀C篇突破+大學(xué)四級詞匯進(jìn)階+題型綜合練內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航演練知識梳理知識梳理演練一）閱讀理解長難句分析1.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.【詞匯突破】thetreasurysecretary財政部長（美）anecdote軼聞，趣聞statistics數(shù)據(jù)（還有一個我們不熟悉的意思：表格）picture情況，事態(tài)，局面，狀況，情形，形勢【主干識別】Thereisadisjunction.【其他成分】asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says插入語；betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics后置定語修飾adisjunction.【微觀解析】betweenthemassofbusinessanecdoteandthepicture;為定語的主體部分；thatpointstoaleapinproductivity修飾anecdote；reflectedbythestatistics修飾statistics。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】由于插入語的加入，造成了對主干是別的難度，尤其是在between…and…結(jié)構(gòu)的識別中由于加入了定語從句使其難于理解?！咀g文賞析】正如財長魯賓所說，在表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事和數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著脫節(jié)?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】也可以把比較長的那個部分單獨(dú)翻譯，這樣更符合中文的習(xí)慣：有大量表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事，但是財長羅伯特.魯賓認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)表明的情況并不能支持這些傳奇。2.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.【詞匯突破】estimate估量，評估；not…but不是……而是……【主干識別】Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomassbutchanges.【其他成分】括號中的內(nèi)容對biomass進(jìn)行解釋和說明；ofspecies和inparticularpartsoftheocean做后置定語修飾biomass，inthatbiomassovertime后置定語修飾changes；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】estimate的賓語為theactualbiomass和changes的并列，并列連詞為but,在閱讀的過程中往往會由于長定語的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的障礙；【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計出某些特定地區(qū)魚類的實(shí)際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計出這些生物量隨著時間發(fā)生的變化?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】多個定語在修飾著changes因此順序應(yīng)該做符合中文習(xí)慣的調(diào)整。3.Oneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.【詞匯突破】authority權(quán)威harness使……停止的意思conscious有意識的intenselypowerfulmentalevent在原文中就等于dreams;【主干識別】oneleadingauthoritysaysthat+賓語從句；【其他成分】賓語從句的主干是theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol;并列連詞notonly…butalso…連接兩個并列的動詞harnessed和brought；tohelpussleepandfeelbetter為目的狀語【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動詞的并列造成識別上的困難?！咀g文賞析】而一名頂級權(quán)威認(rèn)為，這些極其強(qiáng)烈的大腦活動不僅可以被抑制，實(shí)際上還可以受到意識的控制，進(jìn)而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺好一些。4.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.【詞匯突破】utility運(yùn)用；supervision監(jiān)管【主干識別】theywillhavetooperateandbeabletomakeafewdecisions.并列的兩個謂語由and連接；【其他成分】Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility狀語；withlesshumansupervision狀語；atleast狀語；goalsthatposearealchallenge整個句子的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】同位語goals被定語從句修飾；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動詞的并列，狀語的隔離；同位語的識別需要關(guān)注?！咀g文賞析】但是如果機(jī)器人能在下一個階段達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要至少能夠自己做出幾個決定這些目標(biāo)才會帶來真的挑戰(zhàn)?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】對于thenextstageoflaborsavingutility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用的下一個階段在，這樣的表達(dá)不僅拗口而且難懂，就是典型的死譯，所以把定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語。5.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.【詞匯突破】glimpse快速的看一眼；disregard拋棄，丟棄；irrelevant不相干instantaneously立即；winding蜿蜒曲折的；suspicious可疑的【主干識別】thehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percent并列的兩個動詞glimpse和disregard【其他成分】thatisirrelevant修飾the98percent;focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，focus的動作發(fā)出者就是句子主語humanmind?！疚⒂^解析】themonkeyorthesinglesuspiciousface為focuson的并列賓語【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動詞的并列在主句中出現(xiàn)；而在現(xiàn)在分詞短語中出現(xiàn)并列賓語；【譯文賞析】但是人類的大腦可以只迅速地瞟一眼一個快速改變的場面，然后立刻放棄98％的不相關(guān)信息，而馬上聚焦于一條崎嶇森林道路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。6.AparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.【詞匯突破】reveal揭露；constitutes包含；primacy重要性，首要地位【主干識別】Aparisonrevealsnot…butalso…主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】ofBritishgeologicalpublications定語修飾parison,overthelastcenturyandahalf定語修飾publications，anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch賓語，achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper并列賓語【微觀解析】anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch其中ontheprimacyofresearch修飾emphasis;research修飾definition;what引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句作of的賓語，what為賓語從句中的主語。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】出現(xiàn)并列的賓語并且在賓語中的定語又出現(xiàn)一個賓語從句，這樣就增加了句子的復(fù)雜性，并且在句中出現(xiàn)了好幾個動態(tài)名詞。【譯文賞析】將過去一個半世紀(jì)英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】在這個句中有兩個動態(tài)名詞一個是parison，還有一個為emphasis，其中還有一個動態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動詞，并增加概說的主語“我們”。7.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandmunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.【詞匯突破】M&A為mergersandacquisitions的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語。underlie構(gòu)成…的基礎(chǔ)；導(dǎo)致…發(fā)生。tradeandinvestmentbarriers貿(mào)易和投資壁壘globalizationprocess全球化進(jìn)程(可以作為寫作詞匯使用)【主干識別】Ibelievethat+賓語從句【其他成分】themostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame為賓語從句主干；thatunderlietheglobalizationprocess為定語從句；“：”后為對forces的解釋；【微觀解析】三種力量的并列為fallingtransportationandmunicationcosts,以及l(fā)owertradeandinvestmentbarriers和enlargedmarkets后面接一個定語從句thatrequireenlargedoperations和后置定語形容詞短語：capableofmeetingcustomersdemands【難點(diǎn)揭秘】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語比較長和并列連詞較多使其解析較難；【譯文賞析】我認(rèn)為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動力和促進(jìn)全球化進(jìn)程的力量是一樣的：即降低交通運(yùn)輸成本，逐漸減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及為能滿足消費(fèi)者需求而大幅度拓展得市場。8.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.【詞匯突破】auditors審計人員；distract分散注意力【主干識別】Itisentirelyreasonabletobelievethat+賓語從句.形式主語從句【其他成分】forauditors狀語；scientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.賓語從句?！疚⒂^解析】scientistsshouldnotbedistracted賓語從句主干；whoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句修飾scientist；wheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句中know的賓語從句；bythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.狀語；ofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregister修飾thenecessity作定語。whiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope狀語修飾keeping?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】主語從句中出現(xiàn)定語從句，定語從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了。【譯文賞析】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅浙y機(jī)，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】by短語在句子中是充當(dāng)狀語，翻譯為原因，wheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達(dá)符合中文的習(xí)慣。如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對于字面含義的翻譯。屬于死譯。9.Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthreestarrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.【詞匯突破】hypocritical虛偽的；spectacles景象；ample充足的radical激進(jìn)的，根本的；participatorydemocracy參與制民主enrolledin注冊入學(xué)，入伍【主干識別】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的被動態(tài)【其他成分】whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply定語從句修飾spectacles；“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明。【微觀解析】定語從句還原為一個完整的句子：Thespectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply.其主干為：Thespectaclesseeminamplesupply；nowmorethanever為狀語。代表人物一thecriticofAmericanmaterialism（美國物質(zhì)主義的批評者）withaSouthamptonsummerhome;（其擁有南安普頓的避暑山莊）；代表人物二thepublisherofradicalbooks（激進(jìn)書刊的出版者）whotakeshismealsinthreestarrestaurants，定語從句講他們卻在三星級酒店就餐（因?yàn)榧みM(jìn)主義者往往是最求生活極簡的）；代表人物三thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife（支持在人生的各個階段推崇參與制民主的記者）whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools定語從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學(xué)校上學(xué)（私立學(xué)校的教育是精英制的，而參與制民主是需要和大眾貼近的）?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】冒號后并列的三個部分就是三個名詞后面接上比較長的定語修飾，這樣就造成了閱讀的困難；【譯文賞析】相反，我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時候都更多見：批判美國式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三星級餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個階段實(shí)施參與式民主的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象；這樣的說法并不符合中文的習(xí)慣，中文是多主動，英語多被動，因此句子轉(zhuǎn)譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象fine處理為非常。10.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeightyfivekilograms."【詞匯突破】explanatory解釋性的；upsetting不安；consistsof包含【主干識別】itisalittleupsettingtoreadthat+賓語從句andthentofindthat+賓語從句；形式主語句，句子主語為toreadandtofind.在主語中帶有兩個動詞不定式中的賓語從句；【其他成分】intheexplanatorynotes狀語；acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge賓語從句主干；offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver起連接句子作用的定語從句；thelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers賓語從句主干；"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeightyfivekilograms."是Line的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver還原為一個句子就是：theybothfallintotheriveroffthebridge.【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語是兩個并列的成分識別并列主語是一大難點(diǎn)；【譯文賞析】但當(dāng)我們先是從解釋性注釋中得知某詩行講述了一個土耳其軍官和一個保加利亞軍官在橋上格斗并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后又發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩中只充斥著"撲通，撲通，185公斤重"這類對他們落水時的聲音以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】先把兩個比較長的主語單獨(dú)譯成兩個句子，再翻譯剩下的部分，打破英語中的句子限定，單獨(dú)成句是很重要的翻譯技巧，簡單講就是哪個部分太長就盡量的單獨(dú)翻譯。（五）大學(xué)四級詞匯進(jìn)階詞義例句exclaim

[?k'skle?m]v.呼喊，驚叫‘No!’sheexclaimedinshock.exclusively

[?k'sklu?s?vli]adv.僅僅，唯一地；專有地；排外地Thisofferisavailableexclusivelytopeoplewhocallnow.

execute

['eks?kju?t]vt.實(shí)行；執(zhí)行；處死Thejobinvolvesdrawingupandexecutingaplanofnursingcare.exert

[?ɡ'z??t]vt.運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響Heexertedconsiderableinfluenceonthethinkingofthescientificmunityontheseissues.

faculty['f?k(?)lt?]n.〔大學(xué)的〕系，部，院;〔大學(xué)的〕全體教員；機(jī)能，能力Bothfacultyandstudentsopposethemeasures.Hewasdrunkandnotincontrolofhisfaculties.

Shehadagreatfacultyforabsorbinginformation.

famine['f?m?n]n.饑荒；饑餓Thousandsofrefugeesaretrappedbywar,droughtandfamine.fatigue

[f?'ti?g]n.疲勞，疲乏He’ssufferingfromphysicalandmentalfatigue.

feast

[fi?st]v.享受；宴請，赴宴n.筵席，盛宴；宗教節(jié)日feastoneseyeson盡情欣賞Thekingpromisedto

hold

agreat

feast

forallhispeople.

Onlyafewfeetaway,theircaptorsfeastedinthecastle'sbanquetinghall.

feeble

['fi?b(?)l]adj.微弱的，虛弱的；站不住腳的Hisvoicesoundedfeebleandfaraway.

Thisisaparticularlyfeebleargument.fibre

['fa?b?]n.纖維；纖維制品Fruitandvegetablesarehighin

fibrecontent.

filter

['f?lt?]vi.濾過；滲入；慢慢傳開n.過濾器；篩選；濾光器vt.過濾；滲透；用過濾法除去ThenewsgraduallyfilteredthroughfromBombaylastnight.Moonlightfilteredinthroughthefrostedwindow.

Thebestpreventionforcholeraistoboilorfilterwater,andeatonlywellcookedfood.

fleet

[fli?t]adj.快速的，敏捷的n.艦隊；車隊An

enormously

powerful

fleet

wasconcentrated

at

PearlHarbour.

flourish['fl?r??]n.興旺；茂盛vi.繁榮，興旺；茂盛；活躍；Theplantflourishesparticularlywellinslightlyharsherclimes.fluid

['flu??d]adj.流動的；流暢的；不固定的n.流體；液體Thebloodvesselsmayleakfluid,whichdistortsvision.

Hispaintingbecamelessillustrationalandmorefluid.

flush

[fl??]n.激動，臉紅；奔流v.使齊平；臉紅；用水沖洗；使激動She

beganto

flush

with

excitement.

Theyflushcleanwaterthroughthepipesonceaday.高考寫作詞組積累takeitforgrantedthat認(rèn)為...理所當(dāng)然沒有足夠的社會實(shí)踐，一個人可能想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為世界和生活就像他在書中讀到的一樣理想。翻譯：Withoutenoughsocialpractice,onemaytakeitforgrantedthattheworldandlifeareasidealaswhathereadsinbooks.仿寫：amixedblessing好壞皆有的事情adoubleedgedsword/weapon雙刃劍正像人們常常指出的，知識是一把雙刃劍，可以用于造福，也可用來為害。翻譯：Asisoftenpointedout,knowledgeisadoubleedgedsword/weaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.仿寫：heartandsoul全心全意我們籌到的錢會讓他們感到千里之外的人都在全心全意地關(guān)心他們，這將給他們帶來巨大的溫暖和鼓勵，讓他們重建自己的未來。翻譯：Themoneyweraisedwillgivethemthefeelingthatpeoplefromthousandsofmilesawayareconcernedaboutthemheartandsoul,whichwillbringaboutgreatwarmthandencouragementforthemtorebuildtheirfuture.仿寫：inharmonywith和...一致，和...相協(xié)調(diào)我們必須確保旅游業(yè)與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。翻譯：Wemustensurethattourismdevelopsinharmonywiththeenvironment.仿寫：broaden/expandone’shorizons拓展視野打零工可以讓學(xué)生接觸到真實(shí)的社會，認(rèn)識各行各業(yè)的人，開闊眼界。翻譯：Doingoddjobsenablesstudentstobeexposedtotherealsociety,meetpeoplefromallwalksoflifeandbroadentheirhorizons.仿寫：課堂精練課堂精練演練閱讀理解答題技巧高考閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有：詞義猜測題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、作者態(tài)度題和主旨大意題。題型不同，答題技巧也就有差異。下面就不同題型的答題技巧作一點(diǎn)簡分析。1、詞義猜測題技巧在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個：一是被已認(rèn)識的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個困難的一個重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。此類考題目要求考生能根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。一般提問方式如下：1)Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．5)Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．【例題】（2024金山一模C篇）It’snotunheardofforoneeventtokickoffawholenewfieldofscientificinquiry.Stillit’srare.WhenLorimer’spapercameoutinthejournal,itwasnotsurprisingthatmanywereskeptical.“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata,”somemented.63.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Optimistic. B.Curious. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.【答案】63.D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata(有時候，看似了不起的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)是數(shù)據(jù)上的錯誤)”可知，許多人對洛里默的論文持懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為是數(shù)據(jù)上的錯誤。故劃線詞意思是“懷疑的”。故選D?！纠}】（2024年普陀區(qū)一模）Whatisthepointoflookingdecadesintospaceandstrugglingtoexplorethevastnessoftheuniverse?Thedevelopmentofthespaceindustryhasbroughthumansmanybenefits,themostimportantofwhichisthespreadofinformation.ThecellphonesignalandTVsignalpeopleusenowareallbenefitingfromthedevelopmentofthespaceindustry.Theultimategoalofmankindistogodeeperintospace,andtoexploremoreunknownworlds,thatis,theMoon,Marsandbeyond,andwhathumanityiseagertoachieveisamonhomeoffreedomandequality.46.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinthelastparagraphmean?A.Studyingspaceforcountlessyears. B.Livinginspaceformanyyears.C.Exploringspaceforsometenyears. D.Observingspaceforseveraltenyears.【答案】46.A【46題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“andstrugglingtoexplorethevastnessoftheuniverse”可知，此處指研究太空很多年，努力探索浩瀚的宇宙，故劃線詞意思是“研究太空很多年”。故選A。2、細(xì)節(jié)題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。此類考題主要針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)，一般提問方式如下：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?Choosetherightorderofthispassage.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...Fromthispassageweknowthat________.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.【例題】（2024黃埔一模C篇）①Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentpanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthepanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.Theaccusationsinthelawsuitraiseadeeperquestionaboutbehavior:Areyoungpeoplebeingaddictedtosocialmediaandtheinternet?Here’swhattheresearchhasfound.63. WhatwasMetaaccusedof?A.Itaddedproblematicfeaturestoitsplatform.B.Itstartedadiscussiontomisleadyoungpeople.C.Ittemptedchildrentousesocialmediatoomuch.D.Itconductedillegalresearchonitsparentpany.【答案】63.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到“Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentpanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthepanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.(41個州和哥倫比亞特區(qū)開始對Facebook、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的母公司Meta提起訴訟，堅稱該公司故意使用其平臺上的功能，導(dǎo)致兒童過度使用這些功能。)”可知，Meta被指控使用平臺上的功能引起兒童過度使用它們，因此選擇C。3、推斷題技巧推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。此類考題一般針對短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識，文章中雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上可以進(jìn)行推理和判斷其答案。一般提問方式如下：1)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.3)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.4)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？6)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.【例題】（2024閔行一模C篇）Undeniably,peoplemaysucceedinfakingtheirwaythroughtheprocess.Andtheremaybemoreroomforinterviewers’prejudicetoemerge.Findingsomeoneannoyingmaybeasignalthatsomeonelackssocialskills.Butitmayalsomeanthattheyarenervousorthatinterviewersarebadtempered.Recruitmentissettochangeandisunlikelytobeelesschallenging.66.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Integratingsoftskillsassessmentintoahiringprocesswon’tintroducesideeffects.B.Employeesinlowerpositionsmayprovideuselessinsightsintoapplicants’softskills.C.Interviewers’prejudicemayinfluencetheirfairassessmentsandperceptionsofcandidates.D.Thereisnopossibilityofindividualssuccessfullydeceivingothersduringtheinterview.【答案】66.C【解析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Undeniably,peoplemaysucceedinfakingtheirwaythroughtheprocess.Andtheremaybemoreroomforinterviewers’prejudicetoemerge.Findingsomeoneannoyingmaybeasignalthatsomeonelackssocialskills.Butitmayalsomeanthattheyarenervousorthatinterviewersarebadtempered.Recruitmentissettochangeandisunlikelytobeelesschallenging.(不可否認(rèn)的是，人們可能會通過欺騙的方式成功地通過這個過程。而且面試官的偏見可能會有更大的空間出現(xiàn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)某人令人討厭可能是一個缺乏社交技巧的信號。但這也可能意味著他們很緊張，或者面試官脾氣不好。招聘勢必會發(fā)生變化，而且不太可能變得不那么具有挑戰(zhàn)性。)”可知，面試官的偏見可能會影響他們對候選人的公正評價和看法。故選C。4、作者態(tài)度題技巧這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。此類題目的主要提問方式是一般提問方式如下：What'sthewriter's/author'sattitudeto/towards...?Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.Theattitudeof...to/towards...is.【例題】（2024奉賢一模C篇）Deepoceansamplesrevealedsignificantclimatechangearound66.3millionyearsago.ButthisalsocoincideswithalargevolcaniceruptioninIndiacalledtheDeccanvolcanism,whichproducedsomeofthelongestlava(熔巖)flowsonEarth.“We’vealwaysowedthattransitiontothecarbondioxidereleasedbytheDeccanvolcanismandtheincreaseofgreenhousegases,”saysJohnson.“Therearetwothingshappening:Themagneticfieldischanging,theDeccanvolcanismishappening,andthere’sclimatewarming.Sothatwouldbeanexampleofcoincidentalclimatechange.”66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesKirkJohnsonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Amagneticreversaldoesn’tnecessarilycauseclimatechange.B.AmagneticreversalisacpaniedwithsignificantclimatechangeC.Theextinctionofthedinosaursisduetothemagneticreversal.D.Climatechangeisnotrelevanttothecarbondioxideemission.【答案】66.A【解析】情感態(tài)度推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘We’vealwaysowedthattransitiontothecarbondioxidereleasedbytheDeccanvolcanismandtheincreaseofgreenhousegases,’saysJohnson.‘Therearetwothingshappening:Themagneticfieldischanging,theDeccanvolcanismishappening,andthere’sclimatewarming.Sothatwouldbeanexampleofcoincidentalclimatechange.’(‘我們一直把這種轉(zhuǎn)變歸功于德干火山活動釋放的二氧化碳和溫室氣體的增加，’約翰遜說?！袃杉抡诎l(fā)生：磁場正在變化，德干火山活動正在發(fā)生，氣候正在變暖。所以這將是巧合氣候變化的一個例子?！?”可知，柯克·約翰遜認(rèn)為磁場正在變化、德干火山活動正在發(fā)生與氣候正在變暖只是巧合；由此可知，他最可能同意的觀點(diǎn)是磁倒轉(zhuǎn)并不一定會導(dǎo)致氣候變化。故選A。閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的5、主旨大意題技巧這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類：1．確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(titleortopic)；2.主題句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括。常見的標(biāo)題型題干：1)

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.2)

Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

______.3)

Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)What’sthetopicofthearticle?常見的主題句和主旨型題干：1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?2)

Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat_____________.3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?【例題】（2024年松江區(qū)一模）Antibiotics,whichcandestroyorpreventthegrowthofbacteriaandcureinfections,arevitaltomodernmedicine.Theirabilitytokillbacteriawithoutharmingthepatienthassavedbillionsoflivesandmadesurgicalproceduresmuchsafer.Butafterdecadesofoveruse,theirpowersarefading.Somebacteriahaveevolvedresistance,creatingagrowingarmyofsuperbugs,againstwhichthereislittleeffectivetreatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expectedtokill10millionpeopleayearby2050upfromaround1millionin2019,hasbeenseenasacrisisbymany.66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Governmentsfailtostoptheuseofantibiotics.B.Phagescouldhelppreventanantibioticscrisis.C.Developmentofantibioticsislimitedbyphages.D.Antimicrobialresistancecallsfornewantibiotics.【答案】66.B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Antibiotics,whichcandestroyorpreventthegrowthofbacteriaandcureinfections,arevitaltomodernmedicine.Theirabilitytokillbacteriawithoutharmingthepatienthassavedbillionsoflivesandmadesurgicalproceduresmuchsafer.Butafterdecadesofoveruse,theirpowersarefading.Somebacteriahaveevolvedresistance,creatingagrowingarmyofsuperbugs,againstwhichthereislittleeffectivetreatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expectedtokill10millionpeopleayearby2050upfromaround1millionin2019,hasbeenseenasacrisisbymany.(抗生素對現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)至關(guān)重要，它可以消滅或阻止細(xì)菌的生長，并治愈感染。它們在不傷害病人的情況下殺死細(xì)菌的能力挽救了數(shù)十億人的生命，并使外科手術(shù)更加安全。但經(jīng)過幾十年的過度使用，它們的力量正在減弱。一些細(xì)菌已經(jīng)進(jìn)化出了耐藥性，產(chǎn)生了越來越多的超級細(xì)菌，而目前幾乎沒有有效的治療方法?？刮⑸锼幬锬退幮员辉S多人視為一場危機(jī)。預(yù)計到2050年，每年將導(dǎo)致1000萬人死亡，而2019年約為100萬人)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要解釋了噬菌體可以替代問題多多的抗生素，有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，建議政府多方面采取措施推動推廣，所以本文的主旨是噬菌體可以幫助預(yù)防抗生素危機(jī)。故選B。C篇例題精講1.【上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題C篇】MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredators,whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife—andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwerepreviouslyfilledwiththem.ButAlexandraRossoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesthinksshehaseupwithadifferentwaytodealwiththeproblem.AsshewritesinapaperintheJournalofAppliedEcology,sheisgivingfeline(貓科的)—awarenesslessonstowildanimalsinvolvedinreintroductionprograms,inordertotrytomakethemcatconscious.ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedtofragmentsofcatfreehabitat.Thiswill,however,puttheforcedmigrantsbackinthesightsofthecatsthatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Trainingthemigrantswhiletheyareincaptivity,usingstuffedmodelsandthesortsofsoundsmadebycats,hasprovedexpensiveandineffective.MsRossthereforewonderedwhetherputtingtheminlargenaturalenclosureswithascatteringofpredatorsmightserveasaformoftrainingcamptopreparethemforintroductionintotheirnew,catriddenhomes.Shetestedthisideaonatypeofbandicoot(袋貍)thatsuperficiallyresemblesarabbit.Sheandhercolleaguesraisedtwohundredbandicootsinahugeenclosurethatalsocontainedfivewildcats.Asacontrol,sheraisedanearlyidenticalpopulationinasimilarenclosurewithoutthecats.Shelefttheanimalstogetonwithlifefortwoyears,which,giventhatbandicootsbreedfourtimesayearandliveforaroundeightyears,wasaconsiderableperiodforthem.Aftersomepredation(撲食)andprobablysomelearning,sheabstracted21bandicootsfromeachenclosure,attachedradiotransmitterstothemandreleasedthemintoathirdenclosurethathadtenhungrycatsinit.Shethenmonitoredwhathappenednext.Theoutewasthatthetrainingworked.Overthesubsequent40days,tenoftheuntrainedanimalswereeatenbycats,butonlyfourofthetrainedones.Oneparticularbehavioraldifferenceshenoticedwasthatbandicootsbroughtupinapredatorfreeenvironmentweremuchmorelikelytosleepalonethanwerethosebroughtuparoundcats.Andwhencatsarearound,sleepingaloneisdangerous.Howwellbandicootsthathaveundergonethisextremetrainingwillsurviveinthewildremainstobeseen.ButMsRosshasatleastprovidedreasonforhope.43.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thefelineawarenesslessonshaveprovedineffective.B.TherearetoomanywildcatstobekilledinAustralia.C.Differentwayshavebeentriedtohuntandkillwildlife.D.Nativewildlifehasbeenthreatenedbyagrowingpopulationofwildcats.44.Theforcedmigrantsinthesecondparagraphreferto________.A.AustralianmammalsrestrictedtocertainareasB.ThewildcatstrackingdownthemammalsC.WildanimalsinvolvedintheprogramD.Thepredatorscapturedbytheanimaltrainers45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirsttwoenclosures?A.Theywerebothcloselymonitored. B.Theyhad200bandicootsintotal.C.Theyhadsimilarnaturalenvironment. D.Theybothhadwildcatsinthem.46.WhatwasthefindingofMsRoss’researchproject?A.Untrainedbandicootsfailedtoidentifycats.B.Trainingbandicootspreparedthemtofightcats.C.Sleepingaloneinthewildwasdangerous.D.Bandicootscouldbetrainedtoavoidpredators.【答案】43.B44.A45.C46.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文闡述了二十多種澳大利亞哺乳動物已經(jīng)被野貓滅絕了，并且，野貓還在威脅著當(dāng)?shù)夭溉閯游锏纳?。新南威爾士大學(xué)的AlexandraRoss經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，哺乳動物可以通過接受訓(xùn)練來躲避捕食者?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MorethanascoreofAustralianraremammalshavebeenkilledbywildcats.Thesepredators,whicharrivedwithEuropeansettlers,stillthreatennativewildlife—andaretooplentifulonthemainlandtoeliminate,ashasbeenachievedonsomesmallislandswhichwerepreviouslyfilledwiththem.(超過20種澳大利亞稀有哺乳動物被野貓殺死。這些隨著歐洲殖民者而來的捕食者，仍然威脅著當(dāng)?shù)氐囊吧鷦游铩以诖箨懮蠑?shù)量太多，無法消滅，就像在一些以前充滿了它們的小島嶼上一樣)”可知，超過二十種澳大利亞稀有哺乳動物被野貓殺死，并且這些野貓仍然威脅著當(dāng)?shù)氐囊吧鷦游?，它們?shù)量太多，殺之不盡。故選B項(xiàng)。【44題詳解】短語猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“ManyAustralianmammals,thoughnotactuallyextinct,arerestrictedt