新教材高中英語人教版學(xué)案UNIT1SectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking

UNIT1CULTURALHERITAGE開啟快樂學(xué)習(xí)之旅神秘的古埃及金字塔古埃及金字塔是奴隸制帝王的陵墓，最宏大的當(dāng)為吉薩三座大金字塔。塔基呈方形，每邊長230米，高146米，用230余萬塊巨石(每塊平均重達(dá)2.5噸)壘成，國王墓室用一塊400噸重的石板壘成。整體規(guī)模雄偉壯觀，設(shè)計科學(xué)，構(gòu)造復(fù)雜，歷時30年建成。古希臘時即被稱為世界七大奇跡之一，1980年被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。Built4,000yearsago,thethreegreatpyramidsatGiza,intheEgyptiandesertremainthemostcolossal(龐大的)buildingseverconstructed.ThepyramidswerebuiltbyEgyptiansundertheorderoftheEgyptianleader,whosetitlewasPharaoh(法老).Therewasasequence(一連串)ofPharaohsaround2615BC,withthePharaohCheopswhobuiltthebiggestthingeverbuilt,theGreatPyramid,alsoknownasKhufu.Cheopsbuiltapyramid770feetononesideand481feettall.Howancientbuildersmanagedtobuildthesemassivestructureshasneverbeenfullyansweredbuttheeffortclearlyrequiredbrainsandbrawn(體力)．Wasthereengineeringgeniusinvolved?Yes,therewas.Forexample,whenyou'reputtingtheblockrightatthetop,howareyougoingtolug(拉)ablockofstonethatweighsseveraltons480feetupastructure?Howareyougoingtodoit,andhowareyougoingtodoitwithoutleavingscratches(劃痕)onalltherestofthestructure?Andhowmanypeopledoesittaketodragablockweighingseveraltons480feetupintothesky?Approximately,2.3millionblocksofstonewerecut,transportedandassembled(壘砌)tocreatetheGreatPyramid.ThePharaohsmayhavesetouttobuildmagnificenttombsforthemselves,butintheendtheycreatedmonumentstohumanpotential.There'sauniversalmessageinthepyramids.ThepyramidsbelongtoEgypt,butthepyramidsalsobelongtotheworld.That'swhywecanallidentifythepyramidsasanearlymonumentofhumangreatness.Forbeingaman-madewonderthathassurvivedthesandsoftime,thepyramidsrisetothenumbertwospot.矗立埃及沙漠中吉薩的三座金字塔建于4000年前，它們一直都是有史以來最宏大的建筑。金字塔是埃及人在他們的領(lǐng)袖——名為法老的命令下建造的。在公元前2615年左右，幾任法老相繼統(tǒng)治埃及，其中基奧普斯法老建造了有史以來最大的金字塔——大金字塔，也被稱為胡夫金字塔。胡夫金字塔每邊長770英尺，高481英尺。古代的建筑者是如何建造這些龐然大物的，這一直是個未解之謎，但很明顯它需要付出大量的腦力和體力。有工程天才的參與嗎？是的，有。比如，當(dāng)你要把一個石塊放在頂端時，你該如何把一個幾噸重的石塊提升到480英尺的高度呢？應(yīng)該怎樣做？怎么做才不至于在塔身留下刮痕？把幾噸重的石塊提舉到480英尺的高處又需要多少人力呢？為了建造大金字塔，人們切割、運輸、壘砌了大約230萬塊石頭。法老們的初衷是為自己建造豪華的陵墓，而最終他們創(chuàng)建的卻是昭示人類潛能的紀(jì)念碑。金字塔蘊含著一種共同的信息，金字塔屬于埃及，但它也屬于世界。因此我們完全可以把金字塔作為展示人類偉大文明的早期紀(jì)念物。由于歷經(jīng)歲月的滄桑，金字塔位列十大人工奇觀排行榜第2名。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點單詞1．creativelyadv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→creativeadj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→createvt.創(chuàng)造；發(fā)明→creationn．創(chuàng)造(力)2．templen．廟；寺3．mountn.山峰vt.爬上；騎上vi.爬；登上4．formeradj.以前的；(兩者中)前者的→latteradj.后面的；(兩者中)后者的5．cluen．線索；提示6．preservevt.保存；保護(hù)；維持n.保護(hù)區(qū)→preservationn．保護(hù)；保存7．promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級→promotionn．促進(jìn)；提升8．a(chǎn)ppn．應(yīng)用程序；應(yīng)用軟件→applicationn．申請(表)；用途；運用；應(yīng)用(程序)→applyvt.涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運用vi.申請；請求；使用；有效→applicantn．申請人9．balancen．平衡；均勻vt.使平衡→balancedadj.均衡的10．proposaln．提議；建議→proposev．建議；提議11．protestn．抗議vi.&vt12．likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地13．mitteen．委員會14．establishvi.建立；創(chuàng)立→establishmentn．建立15．limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定→limitedadj.有限的→unlimitedadj.無限的→limitlessadj.無限制的；無止境的16．preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓17．lossn．喪失；損失→losev．遺失，丟失→losern．輸家；失敗者→lostadj.遺失的，失去的18．contributionn．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈→contributevi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)；捐助19．departmentn．部；司；科20．fundn．基金；?？?1．withinprep.&adv.在(某段時間、距離或范圍)之內(nèi)22．investigatevi.&vt.調(diào)查；研究→investigationn．調(diào)查；研究23．issuen．重要議題；爭論的問題vt.宣布；公布24．conductn．行為；舉止；管理方法vt.組織；安排；帶領(lǐng)→conductorn．指揮25．documentn．文件；公文；(計算機(jī))文檔vt.記錄；記載(詳情)26．donatevt.(尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu))捐贈；贈送；獻(xiàn)(血)donationn．捐贈→donator27．disappearvi.消失；滅絕；消亡→appearvi.出現(xiàn)；顯得；似乎28．a(chǎn)ttemptn．&vt.企圖；試圖；嘗試29．worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花時間的→worthadj.值……錢→worthyadj.值得……的Ⅱ.重點短語1．takepartin參與(某事)；參加(某活動)2．givewayto讓步；屈服3．keepbalance保持平衡4．leadto導(dǎo)致5．makeaproposal提出建議6．turnto向……求助7．prevent...from...阻止；不準(zhǔn)8．donate...to...向……捐贈……9．thesameas和……一樣10．inorderto為了11．a(chǎn)numberof許多；大量12．thousandsof成千上萬的13．a(chǎn)swell也；還14．indanger處于危險之中Ⅲ.重點句型1．Bystudyingoldphotosoftheformerpalace，theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldone.通過研究舊宮殿的照片，他們使新宮殿看起來幾乎和舊的一樣。2．Thereesa_timewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時代已經(jīng)到來，在走向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。3．Inthe1950s，theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods，produceelectricity，andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.20世紀(jì)50年代，埃及政府想要在尼羅河上建造一座新的大壩，以控制洪水、發(fā)電，并為該地區(qū)更多的農(nóng)民供水。4．Whentheprojectendedin1980，itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.當(dāng)這個項目在1980年結(jié)束時，它被認(rèn)為是一個巨大的成功。5．Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了許多國家合作創(chuàng)造更加美好未來的可能性。6．PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO，whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.也許聯(lián)合國教科文組織就是最好的例子，該組織開展了一項防止世界各地世界文化遺產(chǎn)消失的項目。1eq\a\vs4\al(formeradj.以前的；兩者中前者的)[典型例句]TheformerSovietUnionconsistedoffifteenunionrepublics.前蘇聯(lián)由15個共和國組成。Informertimespeopledidnottravelsomuch.從前人們不經(jīng)常旅行。注意：theformer...thelatter...意為(兩者之中的)“前者……后者……”，因為比較級只用于兩者間。paredwiththeformercandidate,thelatteroneismorefluentinoralEnglish.和前一個候選人相比，后者的英語口語更流利。[即學(xué)即練]Theformerchoicewouldbemuchmoresensible.2eq\a\vs4\al(preservevt.保存；保護(hù)；維持n.保護(hù)區(qū))[典型例句]Wemustpreserveournaturalresources.我們必須保護(hù)自然資源。Hepreservedthegirlfromthedanger.他保護(hù)這個女孩免遭危險。Fisharepreservediniceandsaltuntiltheyaresold.魚在賣出之前保存于冰和鹽里。注意：preservesth.from使……免遭……[思維拓展]preservableadj.可保存的preservationn．保存preservern．保護(hù)者；保存者Wellpreservableprimarypaleo-oilreservoirmayexistinthedesert.沙漠可能存在保存較好的原生古油藏。Oneofthenecessaryconditionsofpreservationisquickburial.保存的必要條件之一是迅速掩埋。Weshouldawardaprizetothepreserversoftheculturerelics.我們應(yīng)該獎勵那些文物保護(hù)者。[易混辨析]preserve,conserve,reserve,protectpreservev．“保護(hù)；維持；保存”。Thisprogramemphasizedthenecessityforpreservingnaturalresources.這個節(jié)目強(qiáng)調(diào)了保護(hù)自然資源的必要性。conservev.“保存，保護(hù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)珍惜。Theobjectiveofresourcemanagementistoconserveourresources.資源管理的目的就在于保護(hù)好我們的資源。reservev．指“意見、看法的保留或座位的預(yù)定”。Thefirstthreerowsofthehallarereservedforspecialguests.大廳的前3排留給特殊來賓。protectv.“保護(hù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)使其免受破壞或損害。Hewaswearingdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.他戴一副墨鏡以保護(hù)眼睛不受陽光的刺激。[即學(xué)即練](1)Ithinkthesetraditionalcustomsshouldbe_preserved.我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該保留這些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。(2)Theyweredeterminedtopreservetheirleaderfromhumiliation.他們決心保護(hù)他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人免受侮辱。(3)Nohuntingisallowedin_the_preserve.在自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)不許打獵。3eq\a\vs4\al(promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級)[典型例句]Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromotecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.會議討論了如何促進(jìn)兩國的合作。Theyhavebegundialoguestopromotebetterunderstandingbetweenbothmunities.雙方已經(jīng)開始了對話，以增進(jìn)兩個社群間的彼此了解。Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromotethislatestproduct.這次會議討論了如何開展這種新產(chǎn)品的推銷工作。[思維拓展]promotesb.(fromsth.)tosth.把某人(從某職位)提升到某職位promotesth.to...把某物推銷給……promotern．贊助人；發(fā)起者promotionn．提升；推廣；晉級；促進(jìn)[即學(xué)即練]MoreexpresswayswillbebuiltinSichuansoonto_promote(promote)thelocaleconomy.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do1())appn．應(yīng)用程序；應(yīng)用軟件(application的縮略形式)applicationn．申請(表)；用途；運用；應(yīng)用(程序)[典型例句]Theinventionwouldhavewideapplication/awiderangeofapplicationsinindustry.這項發(fā)明會在工業(yè)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。It'sofwideapplication.它的用途很廣。Heisbusywritingajobapplication.他正忙著寫工作申請。[思維拓展]makeanapplication(tosb.forsth.)(向某人)申請(某物)WhenshouldImakeanapplicationifIexpecttoentertheuniversity?如果我想上大學(xué)，應(yīng)該在什么時候提出申請？applyvi.申請；請求vt.應(yīng)用；運用Anyofthemcanapplyforthejob.他們誰都可以申請這份工作。Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.這項新技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。[即學(xué)即練]AllapplicantswhohaveappliedforthejobmusthandintheapplicationformsbeforenextMonday.(apply)5eq\a\vs4\al(balancen.平衡；均勻vt.使平衡)[典型例句]Hismothertoldhimtheimportanceofabalanceddiet.他媽媽告訴他均衡飲食的重要性。Trytobalanceyourdietbyeatingmorefruitandlessmeat.多吃些水果，少吃些肉，使飲食均衡合理。Thegirllostherbalanceandfelloffthebalancebeam.小女孩失去了平衡，從平衡木上摔了下來。[思維拓展]keep/loseone'sbalance保持/失去平衡outofbalance失去平衡beoffbalance失去平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生態(tài)平衡onbalance總的說來[即學(xué)即練]Thestatehasgottofindsomewayto_balance(balance)thesetwoneeds.6eq\a\vs4\al(likelyadj.可能的adv.可能地)[典型例句]Sheisverylikelytoringmetonight.＝Itisverylikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很有可能給我打。Mostlikelyhisattemptwillfail.他的嘗試很可能會失敗。They'llverylikelyebycar.他們很可能開車來。[思維拓展]sb./sth.islikelytodosth.……可能做某事Itislikelythat...可能……[易混辨析]likely/probable/possible易混詞語氣強(qiáng)弱所作成分主語句型likely語氣較possible強(qiáng)，較probable弱表語主語既可以是人也可以是物sb./sth.islikelytodosth.Itislikelybable語氣最強(qiáng)表語或定語不用人作主語，常用it作形式主語Itisprobablethat...possible語氣最弱表語或定語不用人作主語，常用it作形式主語Itispossibleforsb.todosth.Itispossiblethat...[一句多譯]他在將來有可能會創(chuàng)造一項世界紀(jì)錄。①Itispossibleforhimtosetaworldrecordinthefuture.②Itisprobablethathewillsetaworldrecordinthefuture.③Heislikelytosetaworldrecordinthefuture.④Itislikelythathewillsetaworldrecordinthefuture.[即學(xué)即練]Heislikelyto_lose(lose)hisvisa.7eq\a\vs4\al(limitn.限度；限制vt.限制；限定)[典型例句]Ilimitmyselfto(drinking)threecupsofbeeraday.我限制自己一天喝三杯啤酒。ThereisalimittotheamountofmoneyIcanafford.我能付得起的錢數(shù)是有限的。[思維拓展]limitedadj.有限的，限制的IhaveonlyalimitedunderstandingofFrench.我只懂得一點兒法語。limitationn．限制；控制；局限Theywouldresistanylimitationoftheirpowers.他們會抵制對他們權(quán)力的任何限制。limit...to...把……限定在……范圍之內(nèi)withinthelimitsof限定在……范圍之內(nèi)setalimitto...對……規(guī)定限度withinlimits在某種程度上；有一點限制[即學(xué)即練]Havingrealizedthatyourtimeislimited(limit),you'llhavetostudyforyourgoalswithoutangerandhesitation.8eq\a\vs4\al(preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓)[典型例句]Iwaspreventedbyillnessfromtakingtheexam.我因病未能參加考試。Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow'sgame.他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽。[思維拓展]preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.制止(防止)某人(或某物)做某事(在現(xiàn)代英語中from常?？梢允÷?，但在被動句中，from不能省略)stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.(其中的from在主動句中可以省略)keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.(其中的from不可省略)[即學(xué)即練]Hepreventedmefromentering(enter)thegarden.9eq\a\vs4\al(lossn.喪失；損失)[典型例句]Thepanymadealossof250,000dollarslastyear.公司去年虧損了25萬美元。Hetoldthepoliceaboutthelossofhiscar.他向警方報失他的車子。Theclosureofthefactorywillleadtoanumberofjoblosses.工廠倒閉會使許多人失業(yè)。[思維拓展]ataloss不知所措；困惑bloodloss失血weightloss體重減少jobloss失業(yè)I'matalosswhattodonext.我不知道下一步怎么辦。[即學(xué)即練]Successistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnoloss(lose)ofenthusiasm.10eq\a\vs4\al(contributionn.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈)[典型例句]Thesigningofsuchatreatywouldbeamajorcontributiontowardsworldpeace.簽訂這樣一項條約是對世界和平的重大貢獻(xiàn)。Allcontributionswillbetransportedtothedisasterareasassoonaspossible.盡快將所有的捐獻(xiàn)的錢物運到災(zāi)區(qū)。[思維拓展]makecontributionsto對……做出貢獻(xiàn)，相當(dāng)于makeacontributiontocontributev．捐助；捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)出；投稿contributeto有助于；促使；導(dǎo)致[即學(xué)即練]Thehurricanecontributedtoalotofhousesbeingdestroyed.11withinprep.&adv.在(某段時間、距離或范圍)之內(nèi)[典型例句]Youshouldreceiveareplywithinsevendays.你會在七天之內(nèi)收到答復(fù)。Thenoiseseemstobeingfromwithinthebuilding.吵鬧聲像是從樓房里傳出來的。Thisisataskwellwithinyourability.這完全是你力所能及的工作。[思維拓展]withinreach(＝closeenoughtotouch)伸手可及withineasyreachof(＝closeto)離……很近withinsightofsth.能看到某物的近距離[即學(xué)即練]Weusuallyforget90percentofadreamwithin10minutes.12conductn．行為；舉止；管理方法vt.組織；安排；帶領(lǐng)[典型例句]Hisconductdisagreeswithhiswords.他言行不一。Whoisconductingthebandthisevening?今晚誰指揮樂隊？[思維拓展]conductorn．售票員；(合唱隊等的)指揮者conductoneselfwell/badly(行為)表現(xiàn)好/差[即學(xué)即練]Asrolemodels，publicfigureshaveadutytoconduct(conduction)themselvesresponsiblybecauseteenagersoftencopytheirbehaviour.13eq\a\vs4\al(donatevt.尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐贈；贈送；獻(xiàn)血)[典型例句]Localpeoplelineduptodonatebloodforthebravegirl.當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娕抨牻o這位勇敢的女孩獻(xiàn)血。Icanonlydonateonehundreddollars.我只能捐助100美元。[思維拓展]donate...to...把……贈予……donatebloodtoabloodbank向血庫獻(xiàn)血donationn．捐贈；捐贈物，捐款give/make/presentadonationto捐贈……sendadonationto...把捐款寄往……donator捐贈者[即學(xué)即練]—Shedecidedtodonate(donate)thekidney(腎)ofherdyingsontoasickboyinhospital.—Sheisagreatmother.14eq\a\vs4\al(attemptn.&vt.企圖；試圖；嘗試)[典型例句]Iwillattempttoanswerallyourquestions.我將試著回答你的全部問題。Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt.我考駕照時一次就通過了。[思維拓展]attempttodosth.嘗試/試圖做某事atthe/one'sfirstattempt第一次嘗試make/inanattempttodosth.嘗試/試圖做某事make/inanattemptat(doing)sth.嘗試/試圖做某事[一句多譯]他試圖通過考試，但考試太難了。①Heattemptedtopass/atpassingtheexam,butitwastoodifficult.(attemptv．)②Hemadeanattempttopass/atpassingtheexam,butitwastoodifficult.(attemptn．)[即學(xué)即練]Heattemptedto_escape(escape)fromtheprison，buthecouldn'tfindanybodytohelphim.15eq\a\vs4\al(worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花時間的)[典型例句]Ifeltthatallthefearanddangerhadbeenworthwhile.我覺得所有的恐怖和危險都是值得的。Wehadalongwait，butitwasworthwhilebecausewegotthetickets.我們等了很長時間，但這是值得的，因為我們買到了票。[思維拓展]“值得做某事”的句型差別：Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.sth.iseq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(worthdoing,worthy\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofbeingdone,tobedone))))Itisworthwhilereadingthebook.＝Itisworthwhiletoreadthebook.＝Thebookisworthreading.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingread.＝Thebookisworthytoberead.這本書值得一讀。[易混辨析]worthwhile，worth，worthyworthwhile可作表語和定語，意為“值得做的；有意義的”。表示某事因重要、有趣味而值得花時間、金錢或努力去做。worth只能作表語形容詞，意為“有……價值；值……錢”，用法同介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。worthy可以作定語和表語。作定語時，意為“值得尊敬的；值得注意的”；作表語時，意為“值得……的”，其后不能直接跟名詞或動名詞作賓語，要加上介詞of，但可以跟動詞不定式作賓語。[一句多譯]這本參考書值得買，因為它對你的學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助。①Thereferencebookisworthbuying，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worth)②Thereferencebookisworthytobe/ofbeingbought，becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthy)③Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythereferencebook,becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(worthwhile)[即學(xué)即練]Thisfilmisworthseeing(see)．考點集訓(xùn)一單句語法填空1．InChina,therearealotofhistoricalremainspreserved(preserve)verywell.2．Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.3．Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication(apply)．4．Thetaskofatranslatoristo_keep(keep)balancebetweentheauthorandthereader.5．Ifoneislateforajobinterview,itisnotlikelythathewillgetthejob.6．Inaddition,theinformationabouteachwordinapocketdictionaryisgenerallylimited(limit)．7．Closethedoorandwindowscarefullytopreventsomestrangersbreaking(break)intoyourhouse.8．I'matalossaboutwhatIcandotohelpthem.9．Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeagreatcontribution(contribute)toourfamilyandoursociety.10．WhenIstudyEnglish,IliketoputmydictionarywithinmyreachsothatIcanrefertoitwhennecessary.11．RecentlyIhave_conducted(conduct)asurveyontakinganapafterlunchamongmyclassmates.12．Theretiredmandonated(donate)mostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu.13．Hemadeanattempttoclimbthemountainbutfailed.Iattempted(attempt)toleavebutwasstoppedintheclassroomyesterday.14．Sheisanordinarywomanbutsheisreallyworthrespecting(respect)．15．Thetimeyouspendandtheeffortsyoumakewillbeworthwhile(worth)．1eq\a\vs4\al(takepartin參與某事；參加某活動)[典型例句]HowmanycountriestookpartinthelastOlympicGames?有多少國家參加了上屆奧運會？AtcollegeItookanactivepartinstudentpolitics.在大學(xué)里我積極參與學(xué)生政治活動。注意：takeanactivepartin“積極參加”中有冠詞an。[即學(xué)即練]Ihopeyouaswellasyoursistercantakepartinthecampaigntomorrow.2eq\a\vs4\al(givewayto讓步；屈服)[典型例句]Werefusedtogivewaytotheirdemands.我們拒絕對他們的要求讓步。Afteralongargument,wedidn'tgivewaytoeachother.Finally,shebrokeupwithme.經(jīng)過長時間的爭論后，我們彼此都沒有做出讓步，最后，她和我分手了。Thetruckrefusedtogivewaytothecar,andsotheycausedanaccident.卡車不給小汽車讓路，因而造成了交通事故。[思維拓展]giveaway暴露(自己的情況)；泄露(秘密)；贈送；捐贈；頒發(fā)giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)givein(to)屈服；讓步；上交giveoff發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)；散發(fā)giveout分發(fā)；用完；耗盡；發(fā)出giveup放棄；認(rèn)輸[即學(xué)即練]Theburningplasticgivesoffpoisonousgas,whichisharmfultoourhealth.3eq\a\vs4\al(leadto導(dǎo)致)[典型例句]Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadstoillness.過量的工作和過少的休息經(jīng)常會引起疾病。Whatledyoutothisconclusion?你是如何得出這個結(jié)論的？Lazinessleadstofailingtheexam.懶惰導(dǎo)致考試不及格。[思維拓展]leadsb.to/intosp.把某人帶到……；領(lǐng)到某地leadsb.to引導(dǎo)某人……leada/an...life過……的生活leadsb.todosth.引導(dǎo)某人做某事leadtheway引路，帶路resultin導(dǎo)致resultfrom由……導(dǎo)致Thedeathoffishesintheriverresultedfrompollution.這條河里的魚的死亡是由于污染導(dǎo)致的。[即學(xué)即練]Theheavystormstruckmytown，leadingtoaheavyloss.4eq\a\vs4\al(turnto向……求助)[典型例句]Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助無門。Whentheymeetwithnewwords，they'llturntothedictionary.當(dāng)遇到生詞時，他們就查閱字典。[思維拓展]turnagainst反對turnaway回絕turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)turnoff關(guān)掉turnback往回走turndown關(guān)?。徽{(diào)低；拒絕turnin上交turnon接通；打開[即學(xué)即練](1)Heturnedtohisfatherforadvice.(2)Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon'tknowwhototurn_to.似乎沒人懂這個，我不知道該向誰求助。(3)Thejobturned_out(to_be)_harderthanwethought.這份工作結(jié)果比我們想象的更難。(4)Whydidsheturn_downyourinvitation?她為什么拒絕你的邀請？考點集訓(xùn)二單句語法填空1．Itgoeswithoutsayingthattakinganactivepartinsocialactivitiescanbroadenourhorizons.2．Atthebeginning,learningEnglishseemedsodifficultthatIwantedtogiveupwithouteventrying.3．Excuseme,pleasegivewaytothepassengersbehindyou.4．Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.5．Thenewevidenceledtothehighofficialbeing_arrested(arrest)．6．Wheneveryouhaveproblems,youmayturntomeforhelp.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do1())Bystudyingoldphotosoftheformerpalace，theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldone.通過研究舊宮殿的照片，他們使新宮殿看起來幾乎和舊的一樣。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)句式分析：theyhavemadethenewonelookexactlyliketheoldonone屬于“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。在本句中，thenewone是賓語，lookexactlyliketheoldone是賓語補足語。(2)make后的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)常見形式有：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(makesb./sth.＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語,makesb./sth.＋過去分詞表示被動意義,makesb./sth.＋名詞,makesb./sth.do被動語態(tài)是sb./sth.＋bemadetodo))Youmaytakeahorsetothewater，butyoucan'tmakehimdrink.[諺]河邊牽馬易，逼馬飲水難。Hewasmadetorepeatthesentence.他被迫復(fù)述那個句子。(3)“by＋v.-ing”表示“通過……方式”，by為介詞。Wekeptintouchbywritingemailstoeachotherinthepast.在過去，我們彼此通過寫電子郵件保持聯(lián)系。Byworkinghardhegainedrapidpromotion.他工作努力，因而晉升很快。[即學(xué)即練](1)Icanmakeyouunderstand(understand)whatIsay，butyoucan'tmakeyourselfunderstood(understand)inEnglish.(2)Youswitchtheradioonbypressing(press)thisbutton.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時代已經(jīng)到來，在走向未來的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來。(1)句式分析：Thereesatimewhen...這個句子中包含了由when引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞atime。itisnotpossibleto...這個句子中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式短語；as是連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有兩種情況：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時間狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞when,②若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞which/,that引導(dǎo)詞作賓語時一般可省略))Therewasatimewhenthiskindofmusicwasverypopular.曾經(jīng)有個時期這種音樂很流行。(引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時間狀語)Doyoustillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogether？你還記得我們一起度過的日子嗎？(引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語)(3)as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的用法如下：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①意為“當(dāng)……的時候”，從句謂語為延續(xù)性動詞，,相當(dāng)于when，while,②意為“隨著……”，主句動作隨著從句動作不斷變化，,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種漸變性,③意為“一邊……一邊……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語動作的,相伴性))IfoundoneofmyfriendsasIwasinthepark.我在公園時遇到了一位朋友。Asonegrowsolder,onebeesmoreexperienced.人越大經(jīng)驗就越豐富。Theytalkedastheywalked.他們邊走邊談。[即學(xué)即練](1)Everyonelikesyouasyouarebothkindandhonest.(2)TheterribleaccidenthappenedatatimewhenFatherwasawayinAmerica,atimethatwe'llneverforget.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Inthe1950s，theEgyptiangovernmentwantedtobuildanewdamacrosstheNileinordertocontrolfloods，produceelectricity，andsupplywatertomorefarmersinthearea.20世紀(jì)50年代，埃及政府想要在尼羅河上建造一座新的大壩，以控制洪水、發(fā)電，并為該地區(qū)更多的農(nóng)民供水。句式分析：句中inorderto意為“為了……”。Inordertocatchthetrain,shefinishedherworkinahurry.為了趕火車，她匆匆完成了她的工作。Heboughtthispresentinordertogivehissonasurprise.為了給兒子一個驚喜，他買下了這件禮物。注意：(1)inorderto表示目的，后接動詞原形，可位于句首或句中，意同soasto，但后者不能位于句首。(2)inorderthat為了；以便[△用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中常用情態(tài)動詞can,may,could,might等]inorderthat引導(dǎo)的從句的主語如果和主句的主語一致，那么可用inorderto或soasto進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。[譯]為了養(yǎng)家糊口，父親拼命工作。①Myfatherworkshardinorderthathecansupportthefamily.②Myfatherworkshardinordertosupportthefamily.[即學(xué)即練]Inorderto_find(find)abetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Whentheprojectendedin1980，itwasconsideredagreatsuccess.當(dāng)這個項目在1980年結(jié)束時，它被認(rèn)為是一個巨大的成功。句式分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句，Whentheprojectendedin1980是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句是itwasconsideredagreatsuccess。句中consider的意思是“認(rèn)為”，consider表示“認(rèn)為”時的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(consider＋sb./sth.＋as＋名詞,consider＋sb./sth.＋tobe＋形容詞/名詞,consider＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋todoit作形式賓語,consider＋sb./sth.＋todo不定式可根據(jù)情況用一般,式、完成式等,consider＋賓語從句))Iconsideritagreathonor.我認(rèn)為這是極大的榮幸。Weconsideredhimtohaveseenthefilm.我們認(rèn)為他已看過這部電影。IconsideritmydutytohelpyouwithyourEnglishstudy.我認(rèn)為幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語是我的職責(zé)。Sheconsidersitfoolishtocheatinanexam.她認(rèn)為在考試中作弊很愚蠢。注意：consider作“考慮”講時，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：AreyouconsideringstudyinginChina?你在考慮在中國念書嗎？[即學(xué)即練]Heisconsideringgoing(go)abroad.eq\o(\s\up1(5),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了許多國家合作創(chuàng)造更加美好未來的可能性。(1)句式分析：這是一個由notonly...butalso...所連接的復(fù)合句。其中thatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞apathtothefuture，that是關(guān)系代詞并在定語從句中作主語；thatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作動詞learnt的賓語。(2)notonly...but(also)．..的用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①語法功能：連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)——名詞、代詞、動詞短語、,非謂語動詞、介詞短語、句子,②主謂一致：它連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞與,butalso后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,③倒裝：notonly...butalso...連接并列分句，且,notonly...位于句首時，notonly所在的分句須部分,倒裝，butalso所在的分句不倒裝))Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasagainsttheplan.不但同學(xué)們反對這個計劃，老師也反對。Henotonlyreadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadread.他不但讀了這本書，而且記得所讀的內(nèi)容。Notonlydoesthesungiveuslightbutalsoitgivesusheat.太陽給我們提供光和熱。[即學(xué)即練]Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.eq\o(\s\up1(6),\s\do1())eq\a\vs4\al()PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO，whichrunsaprogrammethatpreventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.也許聯(lián)合國教科文組織就是最好的例子，該組織開展了一項防止世界各地世界文化遺產(chǎn)消失的項目。句式分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。主句是PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO；后面是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是UNESCO，which在定語從句中作主語，其中又包含了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞aprogramme。Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwasverykindofhim.我的朋友很友善，他帶我到鎮(zhèn)上四處逛了一下。[即學(xué)即練]IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesremended(推薦)tome.考點集訓(xùn)三單句語法填空1．Wearehelpingtosaveourselvesbyhelpingthem.2．Theremustbeatimeineveryman'slifewhenheisinlowspirits.3．Asthemonthswentby，therabbitssawthatIwasnothreatanddidn'tescape.4．We'llhavetosav