會計英語術(shù)語1

會計英語術(shù)語1

1.Introduction

Accounting,likemanyotherprofessions,hasitsownspecificvocabularyandterminology.Thesetermsareessentialforeffectivecommunicationandunderstandinginthefieldofaccounting.Inthisdocument,wewillintroduceandexplnsomeofthemostcommonlyusedaccountingtermsinEnglish.

2.BalanceSheet

Definition

Thebalancesheetisafinancialstatementthatprovidesasnapshotofacompany’sfinancialpositionataspecificpointintime.Itshowsthecompany’sassets,liabilities,andshareholders’equity.

KeyTerms

Assets:Resourcesownedorcontrolledbythecompany,suchascash,inventory,andproperty.

Liabilities:Obligationsordebtsowedbythecompanytoexternalparties,suchasloansandaccountspayable.

Shareholders’Equity:Theresidualinterestintheassetsofthecompanyafterdeductingliabilities.Itrepresentstheshareholders’ownershipinterestinthecompany.

CurrentAssets:Assetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedintocashorusedupwithinoneyear.

CurrentLiabilities:Liabilitiesthatareexpectedtobesettledwithinoneyear.

3.IncomeStatement

Definition

Theincomestatement,alsoknownastheprofitandlossstatement,isafinancialstatementthatshowsacompany’srevenues,expenses,andnetincomeforaspecificperiod.

KeyTerms

Revenue:Theamountofmoneyearnedfromthesaleofgoodsorservices.

Expenses:Thecostsincurredintheprocessofgeneratingrevenue,suchassalaries,rent,andutilities.

NetIncome:Thedifferencebetweentotalrevenuesandtotalexpenses.Itrepresentsthecompany’sprofitorlossfortheperiod.

4.CashFlowStatement

Definition

Thecashflowstatementisafinancialstatementthatsummarizesthecashinflowsandoutflowsofacompanyduringaspecificperiod.Itprovidesinformationaboutthecompany’soperating,investing,andfinancingactivities.

KeyTerms

OperatingActivities:Cashflowsfromthecompany’sprimarybusinessoperations,suchascashreceivedfromcustomersandcashpdtosuppliers.

InvestingActivities:Cashflowsfromthepurchaseorsaleoflong-termassets,suchasproperty,plant,andequipment.

FinancingActivities:Cashflowsfromtheissuanceorrepaymentofdebtandequity,suchasloansandstocksales.

NetCashFlow:Thedifferencebetweencashinflowsandoutflows.Itindicateswhetherthecompanygeneratedorusedcashduringtheperiod.

5.Depreciation

Definition

Depreciationreferstothesystematicallocationofthecostofalong-termassetoveritsestimatedusefullife.Itisanon-cashexpensethatreducesthevalueofanassetonthebalancesheetovertime.

KeyTerms

FixedAssets:Long-termassetsthatareusedintheoperationsofthebusiness,suchasbuildings,vehicles,andmachinery.

UsefulLife:Theestimatedperiodoverwhichanassetisexpectedtocontributetothecompany’soperations.

AccumulatedDepreciation:Thetotalamountofdepreciationrecordedforanassetsinceitsacquisition.

6.AccountsPayable

Definition

Accountspayableisaliabilityowedbyacompanytoitssuppliersforgoodsorservicesreceivedbutnotyetpdfor.Itrepresentsthecompany’sshort-termobligationstoexternalparties.

KeyTerms

Creditors:Suppliersorvendorswhohaveprovidedgoodsorservicestothecompanyoncredit.

TradePayables:Theportionofaccountspayablethatrelatestogoodsorservicesacquiredinthenormalcourseofbusiness.

Conclusion

ThisdocumentprovidedanintroductiontoseveralessentialaccountingtermsinEnglish.Understandingthesetermsiscrucialforanyoneworkinginthe