2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

學(xué)校：姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

l.Acheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregions

acrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,a

ChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivesensortodetectsuchfires

earlierwithlesseffort.

Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffective

response.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutinefoolpatrols

andwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but"thefirefirst

appearsontheground,'1Wangsays."Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate."

Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoa

nearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensoritself,without

replacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensorforjust$0.40.

Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmore

crucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityofNevada,Reno,whowas

notpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthatusescamerasandcrowdsourcing

towatchforfiresinCalifornia,NevadaandOregon."Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit*s

putoutislikeaballet,"hesays."You'dhavetochoreograph（設(shè)計(jì)）itjustso,withresourcespreciselyused

attherighttimeandplaceandintherightorderfromdetectiontoconfirmationtoassignmentto

extinguishment（熄滅）.Firedetectionisjuststepone."

Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,

whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldfbrit.Thetransmitterseffectiveness,he

notes,willalsoneedtobeexaminedinthefieldahead.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gravity"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Pull.B.Extinction.C.Popularity.D.Severity.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?

A.Itspriceremainshigh.B.Itsbatteriesarereplaceable.

C.Itcandetectfiresearlierandeasier.D.Itcanreducefirefighters*pain.

3.WhatdoesKentmeaninparagraph4?

A.Firefightingiseasybutcrucial.

B.Firedetectionresourcesarerich.

C.Puttingoutafireisanorderlyactivity.

D.Technologyisthekeytoextinguishingafire.

4.WhafstheplanforthenewsensoraccordingtoWang?

A.Improvingandtestingit.B.Limitingitsuseandtransmission.

C.Examingandreducingitssignalrange.D.Gettingitonthemarketaheadoftime.

2.Improvementstoenergyefficiency,suchasLEDlights,areseenbymanyauthoritiesasatop

priorityforcuttingcarbonemissions.Yetagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatareboundeffectcould

wipeoutmorethanhalfofthesavingsfromenergyefficiencyimprovements,makingthegoalsoftheParis

Agreementonclimatechangeevenhardertohit.

AteamledbyPaulBrockwayattheUniversityofLeeds,UK,lookedattheexisting33studiesonthe

impactofthereboundeffect.Firstcomesthedirectrebound:forinstance,whensomeonebuysamore

efficientcar,theymaytakeadvantageofthatbydrivingitfurther.Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuel

savingsleavetheownerwithmoremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy.

Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmethodstomodelthereboundeffect,theyproducedvery

consistentestimatesofitsimpact,leadingtheteamtoconcludethattheeffectwipesout,onaverage,63

percentoftheanticipatedenergysavings.

“We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingisreboundneedstobetaken

moreseriously,“saysBrockway.

Theideathatincreasedefficiencymaynotdeliverthehoped-forsavingsdatesbacktotheJevons

paradox（悖論）,namedaftertheeconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,who,in1865,observedthatmore

efficientcoaluseledtomoredemandforcoal.

Ifthereboundeffectdoesprovetobeasbigassuggested,itmeansfutureglobalenergydemandwill

behigherthanexpectedandtheworldwillneedfarmorewindandsolarpowerandcarbon-capture

technologythaniscurrentlybeingplannedfor.

Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.Oneansweristodoubledown

onenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.

1.Whichofthefollowingisareboundeffect?

A.AmanusesLEDlightstocutcarbonemissions.

B.Acompanyusescoalmoreefficientlytoreducewaste.

C.Afamilysavesmoneybyusingenergysavingdevices.

D.Aladyspendssavingsfromherfuelefficientcaronmoreclothes.

2.HowdidPaulBrockway*steamcarryouttheirresearch?

A.Byinterviewingeconomists.B.Byanalyzingformerstudies.

C.Bymodelingthereboundeffect.D.BydebatingabouttheJevonsparadox.

3.WhatwouldPaulBrockwayprobablyagreewith?

A.Authoritiesshoulddismissenergyefficiency.

B.Worldwideeffortstopreserveenergyareinvain.

C.Thereboundeffecthelpsprotecttheenvironment.

D.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothereboundeffect.

4.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardslimitingthereboundeffect?

A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.

3.Wecanrecognizeourfriends*faces.Manysocialanimalscanalsoidentifyindividualsoftheirown

speciesbytheirfacialfeatures.That*simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletoadjusttheirbehavior

dependingonwhotheymeet.Andresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,and

domesticated（馴養(yǎng)的）animalscanevendistinguishamongdifferentfacesbylookingatphotographsalone.

Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthathavecoexistedwithpeoplefor

thousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LeaLansadeofFrance'sNationalResearch

InstituteforAgriculture,FoodandEnvironmentisoneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsight

intothis.

Sheandherteamfirsttaughtthehorseshowto"choose"betweentwoside-by-sideimagesbytouching

theirnosestoacomputerscreen.Thehorseswerethenshownphotosoftheirpresentkeeperalongside

facesofunfamiliarhumans.Theyhadneverseenphotosofanyofthepeoplebefore.Thehorsescorrectly

identifiedtheirpresentkeeperandignoredthestranger'sfaceabout75%ofthetime,significantlybetter

thanchance.

What'smore,thehorsesalsopreferentiallypickedphotosoftheirpreviouskeeper—apersonthey

hadn'tseeninsixmonths.Infact,eventhoughthehorsesdidn'tgetitrighteverysinglelime,theywereat

leastasaccurateinpickingouttheirpreviouskeeperastheywereinidentifyingtheirpresentone.The

resultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdistinguishbetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,butthey

knowthatphotographsaretwo-dimensionalrepresentationsofreallife,withoutanyothercues（提示）like

sound.Andthey'reevenbetteratthisthanouroldestanimalcompanion,thedomesticdog.

Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganythingatastable（馬廄）thatmightgiveahorsealongface.After

all,thehorsecouldprobably"remember0you.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutman'sabilitytorecognizefriends1faces?

A.It'snotuniquetoman.B.It'saninbornability.

C.It'sman'smostvitalability.D.It'ssuperiortothatofanimals.

2.WhydidLeaLansadeandherteamdotheexperiment?

A.Toteachhorsestorecognizehumanfaces.

B.Tostudyhorses'abilitytoidentifyhumanfaces.

C.Tomakehorsesdistinguishbetweentheirkeepers.

D.Tofigureoutsimilaritiesbetweenmanandhorses.

3.Howdoestheauthorsoundinwritingthelastparagraph?

A.Academic.B.Dramatic.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumanFacesAreFamiliartoHorses

B.HorsesRecognizeKeepers*Pictures

C.HorsesReadMan'sFacialExpressions

D.Man'sSoundHelpsHorsesSelectPhotos

4.Pachyrhynchusweevils（球背象鼻蟲）arefoundonmostislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.If

theseweevilscouldfly.thatwouldnotbesurprising.Buttheycannot.Whytheyaresowidespreadis

thereforeunknown.ButitisonethatDrHuangWenshanfromTaiwan.Chinathinkshehassolved.

Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923.isthattheinsectsareliftedupbyatinyaircavity（氣腔）each

hasbeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.DrHuang'sresearchintotheweevilsbegan

whenhenotedthatthistheoryhadneverbeentested.Hediscovered,whenheputittothetest,thatthe

insectsdo.indeed,float.Butfloatinginseawaterdoesnotdothemmuchgood.Inhistest,all57adults

diedwithintwodays,Clearly.adultweevilsarenotgoodsailors.Thatdoesnot.however.meanthatyoung

weevilsarenot.

Pactyrhyochasweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinsidethefruitofaplantcalledthe

fish-poisontree.Thisremindsusofcoconuttrees.Theydroptheirfruitsintotheocean,whichcarriesthem

awaytostartgrowingondistantbeaches.Coconutsareprotectedfrombeingeatenontheirtravelsby

havingahard.thickshell.Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungryseacreatures.Butintheir

case,astheirnamesuggests.theprotectionischemical.

Giventherelationshipbetweentheinsectsandtheplant.DrHuangwonderedhowtheirlarvae（幼蟲）

wouldgetalongiftheyweredeepinsideapieceoffruitfloatinginseawater.Sohetestedthisaswell.His

experimentshowedthatsuchlarvaearetolerantofsaltyconditions.Outof18larvaethrownintoseawater

insideapieceoffruit,twosurvivedforsixdays.Moreover,theselarvaewentontodevelopintohealthy.

Sexuallymatureadults.Twolarvaeoutof18survivingforsixdaysatseamightnotsoundparticularly

impressive.ButDrHuangarguesthatsuchnumberswouldeasilysupportislandcolonization（定殖）。

Heobserves,forexample,thattheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,past

JapanandonwardsintothePacific.movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel

90kminaday-thussolvingthequestionofhowaflightlessinsectcanisland-hopsoeffectively.

1.Whatdidthe1923theorysuggestaboutPachyrhynchusweevils?

A.Theyareabletoflyveryhigh.

B.Theyareabletofloatinwater.

C.Theylaytheireggsinsideafruit.

D.TheyarewidespreadinthePacificOcean.

2.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutfish-poison-treefruits?

A.Theyarethefoodofhungryseacreatures.

B.Theyprovideshelterforyoungweevils.

C.Theyareundertheprotectionofthickshells.

D.Theytravelalongwaytogrowondistantbeaches.

3.Whatplay（s）akeyroleinhelpingfish-poison-treefruitsmovefast?

A.TheKuroshioCurrent.B.Pachyrhynchusweevils.

C.Thesaltyconditionsofthesea.D.TheislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.

4.Fromwhichsectionofamagazinearewemostlikelytofindthetext?

A.Travel.B.Science.C.Health.D.Environment.

5.Spendingoverayearinthebleak（荒涼的）Antarcticamightchangeyourbrainfortheworse,

accordingtoanewresearchoutthismonth.Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14months

atanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage（縮?。?，likelyasaresultoftheirloneliness

andboredom.

Thestudy9sauthorsusedMRI（核磁共振）toscanthebrainsofeightmembersofateambeforethey

beganalongstayattheGerman-runresearchstation.Duringtheirmission,theteamperiodicallytooktests

oftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheir

levelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).Whenthey

returned,theyhadtheirbrainsscannedagain.

Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers?brainsappearedtohavelessgrey

matteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthebrainkeyto

memoryandcognition.TheiraveragelevelsofBDNFalsodroppedduringthetripanddidn'timprove

significantlyevenafterone-and-a-halfmonthsbackhome.

Thestudy5sfindings,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,aren'tthefirsttosuggest

thatlongtimeofbeingseparatedcanchangethebrain.Butpracticallyallofthisworkhasinvolved

animals,accordingtotheresearchers.

Ofcourse,aneight-personstudyissmall,soanyofitsconclusionsshouldbetakenwithcaution.

LeadauthorAlexanderC.Stahn,nowaresearcheratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityof

Pennsylvania,saidthattheeffectsonthehippocampusarelikelytemporary,providedthescientists

returnedtoalifefilledwithsocialinteractionandinterestingthingstosee.

Still,sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,the

findingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.Theymightevenproverelevantfor

therarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture—perhapstheonlysimilarlyscientific,

months-longmissionthatwouldbeevenmorelonely.

1.Whatwilldodamagetothebrainaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Doingresearchinbrainshrinkage

B.TravelingtotheAntarctica.

C.Workingasaresearcherinastation.

D.Beinginalonelyplaceforalongtime.

2.Howdidthescientistsgettheconclusion?

A.Bycomparingthescannedresults.

B.Bystudyingthepreviousfigures.

C.Bymakingalong-termprogram.

D.Byscanningtheparticipants,brains.

3.Whatcanweinferabouttheexplorerswhentheyreturned?

A.Theywerenolongerusedtothecivilizedworld.

B.Theyhadsomedifficultyinrememberingthings.

C.Theybecamenormalafterone-and-a-halfmonths.

D.Theypublishedtheirfindingsinamedicalmagazine.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofthefinding.

B.Thedisadvantageofthefinding.

C.Thefuturedevelopmentofthespace.

D.ThepossibilityoftravellingtoMars.

6.ESSEX—SorrowfulfamiliesinVietnamarestrugglingtobringhomethebodiesoflovedoneswho

diedinarefrigeratedtruckwhiletryingtoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdomonOct23.Manyofthe

relativesofthe39peoplewhodiedinthefreezing,airlessvehiclearetoopoortobringthebodiesbackto

Vietnam.

Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHaTinhprovince,whereBuiHuyCuongis

deputychairmanofthepeople'scommittee.HetoldtheGuardianNewspaperthatofficialshavevisited

bereaved(新近喪失親人的)familiestoencouragethemtoreceiveashes,insteadofbodies,becauseit

wouldbecheaper.Buthesaidfamilieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfuneralsandare

hopingtheauthoritieswillpay."Atthemoment,wearenotsureiftheBritishortheVietnamese

governmentwilltakeresponsibilityforbringingvictimsbacktoVietnam,*'hesaid,"Familiesknow

nothingaboutit.Itshouldbeclearsoonwhichgovernment((ifany))willtakeresponsibility...howmuch

canBritishandVietnamesegovernmentspay,andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute.n

Thebrotherof26-year-oldPhamThiTraMytoldthepaperhisfamilydoesnotwantashes.Pham

ManhCuongsaid,“Myfamilywishestobringmyoldersister'sbodybackhomebecauseweallagreedwe

wanttoseeherfbrthelasttime.Iftheydonotpayforthetransportationfee.wehavetopaythefee.We

havetoacceptmysister'sashesinVietnam,becauseweareinaverydifficultposition.HPhamThiTraMy

wasthevictimwhocametoprominencewhenherfinaltexthomewasmadepublicinwhichshesaid,

”I'msorry,Mum.Myjourneyabroadhasnotsucceeded.Mum,IloveyousomuchI'mdyingbecauseI

can*tbreathe.

NguyenDinhGia,thefatherofanothervictim,NguyenDinhLuong,fromNgheAnprovince,said

hisfamilyalsowantsabody.Hesaidvillagershavebeenvisitedbylocalauthoritiesbutdonotunderstand

theiroptions."Theydidnottellmehowmuchthetransportfeeis,buttoldus讓'scostly...soifseasierto

bringbackashesinsteadofthebody/*hesaid."Isaidweareaskingfbrhelpfromtwogovernments...

We'vehadtowaitformanydaysnowandarefallingintodepression.^^

TheVietnamesegovernmenthasnotcommentedontherepatriations(調(diào)回本國).PoliceintheUK

andinVietnamhavemadeseveralarrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimedthelivesof31male

and8femalevictims,ofwhom10wereteenagers?

1.WhatdoesBuiHuyCuongmainlywanttoexpressinPara.2?

A.Howofficialscareaboutthebereavedfamilies.

B.Someauthoritiesencouragefamiliestoreceiveashes.

C.HowmoneywillberaisedtobringthevictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.Familieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfunerals.

2.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“prominence“inPara.3?

A.Beinglikelytocauseharm.

B.Thestateofbeingnoticeable.

C.Thequalityofbeingpleasantorattractive.

D.Behavioracquiredthroughfrequentrepetition.

3.WeknowaboutNguyenDinhLuongfromthenewsreport?

A.brotherisPhamManhCuong.

B.HeisfromNgheAnprovince,Vietnam.

C.HisfamilywillflytoEnglandtosechisbody.

D.HisbodywillsoonbebroughtbacktoVietnam.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?

A.39peopledieinthefreezing,airlessvehicle

B.39PeopletrytoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdom.

C.Relativesstrugglingtotake39UKtruckdeathvictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.ArrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimthelivesofVietnamese.

7.Someonewhotypeswhileonavideocallmaybegivingawaymoreinformationthantheyrealize.A

computermodelcanworkoutthewordsthatthepersonistypingjustbytrackingthemovementsoftheir

shouldersandarmsinthevideostream.

"Therearesignificantmovementsthatoccurwhentyping,"saysMurtuzaJadliwalaattheUniversityof

TexasatSanAntonio.nWethinkifweareabletomodelthemscientifically,weshouldbeabletoinfer

differentkeystrokesbylookingatthevideodata."

Jadliwalaandhiscolleaguesdevelopedamodeltodojustthat.Theymappedthemovementsontoa

keyboardandcross-referencedtheresultsagainstadictionaryofcommonlytypedwords,findingitcould

correctlyidentifythewordsbeingtyped75%ofthetime.However,theirexperimentwasbasedonthefact

thatthetypistsusedtraditionalphysicalQWERTYkeyboardsinthevideo.Therandomizedkeyboard,

whichisdifferentfromthetraditionalQWERTYkeyboard,canpreventitfrommakingaccurateinferences.

Thosewhowearclothingwithsomesortofsleevearealsolesslikelytobeanalysedaccurately.

Thecomputermodelremovesthebackgroundinformationfromaframeofavideocall.Itthendetects

theouteredgesoftheshoulderbyanalysingeachframeusinganimageprocessingtechniquecalledoptical

flow,whichwatchescloselyhowpixels（像素）changeinavideoandmapsarmmovementsontoa

keyboard.

Jadliwalasayspixelating（打上馬賽克）theshoulderswouldlessentheeffectoftheissue,butAlan

WoodwardattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,arguesthatsuchasolutiondefeatsthepurposeofvideocalling.

"Thewholepointofavideocallistoseepeople,"hesays,addingthatitisalarmingthatvideocallscan

revealsomuch.

1.WhichofthefollowingmayaffectthemodeFsidentificationaccuracy?

A.Thespeedoftyping.B.Theheadmovement.

C.Thepositionofkeysonthekeyboard.D.Thecolorofthetypistsclothing.

2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Whatmattersmostinanalysingtheframe.B.Howthebackgroundinformationisremoved.

C.Howthecomputermodelworks.D.whatroleopticalflowplaysintheexperiment.

3.WhatdoesAlanWoodwardthinkofthefinding?

A.Promising.B.Shocking.C.Convincing.D.Disappointing.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Softwarecanspyonwhatyoutypeonvideocalls

B.Youaregivingawayyoursecretunconsciously

C.Isitsafetotypewhenchattingonthephone?

D.Whoarespyingwhenweareonvideocalls?

參考答案

1.答案：l.D;2.C;3.C;4.A

解析：1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分上下文可知，最近，世界各地的一些地區(qū)都遭到了森林大火的破

壞,而且火勢(shì)越來越嚴(yán)重，故gravity意為“嚴(yán)重性”。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段第一句可知，目前的檢測(cè)方法很大程度上依賴人的觀察力，這會(huì)

延遲有效的反應(yīng)。這種新型傳感器可以向附近的接收器發(fā)送無線信號(hào)，可以更快、更早地檢測(cè)出火

災(zāi)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Kent說的話可知，改善消防機(jī)構(gòu)之間的協(xié)調(diào)更為關(guān)鍵,你對(duì)火的反應(yīng)，直到

它被撲滅，就像一場(chǎng)芭蕾舞。你必須策劃和設(shè)計(jì)，在正確的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)分配資源,從探測(cè)到確認(rèn)再到調(diào)

度再到火熄滅。故可推知,滅火是一項(xiàng)合作而有秩序的活動(dòng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Wang說的話可知，他的研究小組下一步將把這種新型傳感器的信號(hào)范

圍擴(kuò)大為目前的100米以外，并為此開發(fā)一種保護(hù)罩。發(fā)射機(jī)的有效性也需要現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試。

2.答案:l.D;2.B;3.D;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuelsavingsleavetheownerwith

moremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy4然后是間接反彈:節(jié)省的燃料使車

主有更多的錢花在其他經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，消耗能源。）”可知,D項(xiàng)“女士把省油汽車節(jié)省的錢花在買更多的衣

服上?！本褪前咽∠聛淼腻X花在其他經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域（服裝領(lǐng)域）上,符合間接反彈效應(yīng)。D項(xiàng)正確，其它選項(xiàng)

不符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmelhodstomodeltherebound

effect,（盡管這33項(xiàng)研究使用了不同的方法來模擬反彈效應(yīng),）”中的modelthereboundeffect可知，研

究團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過模擬回彈效應(yīng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“"We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingis

reboundneedstobetakenmoreseriouslysaysBrockway.（Brockway說:"我們并不是說能源效率不起

作用，我們的意思是需要更加認(rèn)真地對(duì)待經(jīng)濟(jì)反彈。"）"中的betakenmoreseriously可知,Brockway

認(rèn)為應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注回彈效應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.

Oneansweristodoubledownonenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.（但這

并不意味著我們不能采取任何措施來限制反彈效應(yīng)。一個(gè)解決辦法是加倍提高能源效率，并采取雙

倍的措施來達(dá)到同樣的效果。）”中的雙重否定句可知，作者對(duì)于限制反彈效應(yīng)是持積極（positive）態(tài)度

的,并提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的解決辦法。故選A項(xiàng)。

3.答案：1-4ABDB

解析：1.考查理解具體信息的能力。第一段提到我們能夠識(shí)別朋友的臉彳艮多群居動(dòng)物也能夠通過

面部特征來識(shí)別自己種群里的個(gè)體。由此可知，這不是人類獨(dú)有的能力。

2.考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第二段"Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthat

havecoexistedwithpeopleforthousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LeaLansade...is

oneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsightintothis"并結(jié)合第三段實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容可知，L6a

Lansade和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了研究馬識(shí)別人臉的能力。故選B。

3.考查推理判斷的能力。最后一段提到，在馬廄里做任何可能會(huì)讓馬悶悶不樂的事情之前要三思。

畢竟，它很可能會(huì)“記住”你。由此可知,作者在最后一段使用了比較幽默的口吻來行文。

4.考查理解主旨要義的能力。本文主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)馴養(yǎng)的馬通過看照片就可以認(rèn)出自己的飼養(yǎng)

者。故選B。

4.答案:l.B;2.B;3.A;4.B

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923,isthattheinsectsarelifted

upbyatinyaircavity（氣腔）eachhasbeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.可知，按照

1923年的某個(gè)理論，球背象鼻蟲能漂浮于水面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Pachyrhynchusweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinside

thefruitofaplantcalledthefish-poisontree.及Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungrysea

creatures.Butintheircase,astheirnamesuggests,theprotectionischemical.可知，魚毒樹果實(shí)為球背象鼻

蟲的幼蟲提供了避身之所,使其能安全度過海上“漂流之旅工

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的IheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,past

JapanandonwardsintothePacific,movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel

90kminaday可知,theKuroshioCurrent使得魚毒樹果實(shí)可以在海水中快速行進(jìn)。

4.文章出處題。作者在文中介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于一種叫球背象鼻蟲的昆蟲的研究,本文最有可能出自雜

志的科普欄目。

5.答案：l.D;2.A;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatan

Antarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage（縮小），likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessand

boredom"這似乎表明,在南極研究站生活了14個(gè)月的極地探險(xiǎn)者大腦出現(xiàn)了萎縮，可能是由于他們

的孤獨(dú)和無聊。所以長時(shí)間處在單獨(dú)的地方會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦損害。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers,brains

appearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.^^最后，與執(zhí)行任務(wù)前相比，探險(xiǎn)者的大腦平均灰質(zhì)較少。

可知科學(xué)家是對(duì)比掃描結(jié)果來得出結(jié)論的，故選A項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theshrinkagewasmost叩parentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthe

brainkeytomemoryandcognition.^^這種萎縮在海馬體中，在大腦中負(fù)責(zé)記憶和認(rèn)知的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域最為

明顯。由此判斷出探險(xiǎn)者在回來的時(shí)候在記憶方面有些困難。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段"sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlong

periodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.Theymighteven

proverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture”由于人們將在很長

一段時(shí)間內(nèi)繼續(xù)往返于南極洲之間，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)絕對(duì)值得我們牢記在心，并進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的探索。它們甚

至可能被證明與極少數(shù)幾個(gè)將來可能遠(yuǎn)赴火星的人有關(guān)?？芍詈笠欢沃饕顷P(guān)于此項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的重

要性。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.答案：l.C;2.B;3.B;4.C

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段全段Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHa

Tinhprovince,.......andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute."可知,39名受害者中有

10人來自HaTinh省的CanLoc區(qū),BuiHuyCuong是那里的人民委員會(huì)副主席。他在接受《衛(wèi)報(bào)》

(Guardian)采訪時(shí)表示，官員們已經(jīng)走訪了失去親人的家庭，鼓勵(lì)他們接受骨灰，而不是尸體，因?yàn)檫@樣

更便宜。但是他說，家屬希望得到遺體，這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上紀(jì)念，他們希望當(dāng)局會(huì)出錢。

他說產(chǎn)目前，我們不確定英國或越南政府是否會(huì)承擔(dān)將受害者帶回越南的責(zé)任?！薄凹胰藢?duì)此一無所

知。很快就會(huì)清楚哪個(gè)政府(如果有的話)將承擔(dān)責(zé)任……英國和越南政府可以支付多少，越南家庭需

要貢獻(xiàn)多少。”因此可知,BuiHuyCuong在第二段中主要想表達(dá)如何籌集資金將受害者帶回越南。

故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)，“官員們?nèi)绾侮P(guān)心失去親人的家庭”。官員們?nèi)绾侮P(guān)心失去親人的家庭只是Bui

HuyCuong表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的一小部分，并不是他主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng),“一些當(dāng)局鼓勵(lì)家庭

接受骨灰一些當(dāng)局鼓勵(lì)家庭接受骨灰只是BuiHuyCuong表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的一小部分，并不是他主要表

達(dá)的內(nèi)容。故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)，“家庭想要尸體，這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上得到尊重”。家庭想

要尸體，這樣他們就可以在傳統(tǒng)的葬禮上得到尊重只是BuiHuyCuong表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的一小部分，并不是

他主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案為C。

2.猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第一、二、三句PhamThiTraMywasthevictimwhocameto

prominencewhenherfinaltexthomewasmadepublicinwhichshesaid,"I'msorry,Mum.Myjourney

abroadhasnotsucceeded.Mum,IloveyousomuchI'mdyingbecauseIcan'tbreathe."可知,PhamThi

TraMy是一名受害者，當(dāng)她最后的家庭短信被公開時(shí),她變得……。她說:“對(duì)不起,媽媽。我的出國旅

行沒有成功。媽媽，我太愛你了，我快要死了，因?yàn)槲也荒芎粑??！币驗(yàn)镻hamThiTraMy最后一封發(fā)

給家里人的信息被媒體公開了，內(nèi)容十分令人難過，因此引起了公眾的關(guān)注。B項(xiàng)意為“引人注目的狀

態(tài)符合題意，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)，“可能造成傷害”;C項(xiàng)，“愉快或有吸引力的性質(zhì)”;D項(xiàng)，“通過頻繁

重復(fù)獲得的行為”，均不符合文意。故正確答案為B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句NguyenDinhGia,thefatherofanothervictim,Nguyen

DinhLuong,fromNgheAnprovince,saidhisfamilyalsowantsabody.可知，另一名受害者Nguyen

DinhLuong的父親NguyenDinhGia說，他的家人也想要尸體,他來自NgheAn省。因此可知,