高考真題之英語（江蘇卷）

2009年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）

英語

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）

做題時(shí):先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案

轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱

讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.

答案是B0

1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?

A.Afridge.B.Adinnertable.C.Afewchairs.

2.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inaschool.

3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Cathywillbeattheparty.

B.Cathyistoobusytocome.

C.Cathyisgoingtobeinvited.

4.Whydoesthewomanplantogototown?

A.Topayherbillsinthebank.

B.Tobuybooksinabookstore.

C.Togetsomemoneyfromthebank.

5.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?

A.Finishsomewriting.B.Printanarticle.C.Findanewspaper.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；

聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Changingseatsontheplane.

B.Askingforawindowseat.

C.Tryingtofindhisseat.

7.Whatisthewoman'sseatnumber?

A.6A.B.7A.C.8A.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whydoesn'tthewomantakethegreenT-shirt?

A.Ifstoosmall.B.It'stoodark.C.Ifstooexpensive

9.Whatdoesthewomanbuyintheend?

A.AyellowT-shirt.B.AblueT-shirt.C.ApinkT-shirt.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.HowlonghasthemanbeeninLondon?

A.Oneyear.B.Afewyears.C.Acoupleofmonths.

11.Whydidthewomanleaveherhometown?

A.Toleadacitylife.B.Toopenarestaurant.C.Tofindajob.

12.Wheredidthewomancomefrom?

A.London.B.Airside.C.Lancaster.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatisadaypack?

A.Abox.B.Abag.C.Alock.

14.Whatsurprisesthegirlatschool?

A.Alotofdiscussionsinclass.

B.Teachersgivinglittlehomework.

C.Fewstudentsaskingquestionsinclass.

15.Atwhattimeoftheschooltermdoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Attheendofit.

B.Inthemiddleofit.

C.Atthebeginningofit.

16.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl?

A.Sheisnewtotheschool.

B.Shewritesfortheschoolnewspaper.

C.Sheseldomasksquestionsinclass.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhatdoesMr.HenryStonedo?

A.Abankclerk.B.Ateacher.C.Awriter.

18.WhatdoesHenrylikedoingatairports?

A.Watchingpeople.B.Tellingstories.C.Readingmagazines.

19.WhatdidHenrylearnfromthenewspaperthatday?

A.Avaluablesuitcasewasmissing.

B.Amanstolemoneyfromabank.

C.Awomanranawayfromhome.

20.Whywasthewomanattheairport?

A.Shewastravelingonbusiness.

B.Shewasseeingthemanoff.

C.ShewasleavingforGreece.

第二部分：英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D、四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild.heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

答案是B。

21.ThepopulationofJiangsutomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnow

approaching74million.

A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing

22.—Annisinhospital.

—Oh,really?I____know.I_goandvisither.

A.didn't;amgoingtoB.don't;would

C.don't;willD.didn't;will

23.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone___local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuan

foronenight.

A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since

24.——FmsurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhave.

--SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.

A.brokenupB.finishedupC.dividedupclosedup

25.■一Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerfbrawhilethisafternoon?

-Sorry..

A.It'srepairedB.Ithasbeenrepaired

C.IfsbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired

26.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-term

teachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,reduceunemploymentpressures.

A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelped

27.Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmoreto,andmoreeasilytroubledby,

emotionalandrelationshipproblems.

A.skepticalB.addictedC.availableD.sensitive

28.Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferently.

A.couldexpressB.wouldexpress

C.couldhaveexpressedD.musthaveexpressed

29.—Bill,canIgetyouanythingtodrink?

A.YouarewelcomeB.Noproblem

C.Iwouldn'tmindacoffeeD.Doesn'tmatter

30.Thisspecialschoolacceptsalldisabledstudents,___educationallevelandbackground.

A.accordingtoB.regardlessofC.inadditiontoD.intermsof

31._unemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumedthatthelatterisduetothe

former.

A.BeforeB.WhereC.UnlessD.Until

32.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool,theceremonyofthe50th

Anniversarythismorningareouralumni（校友）fromhomeandabroad.

A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended

33.一What'sthematterwithDella?

Well,herparentswouldn'tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill_

A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor

34.ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleavecouldbelife*smostimportant

decision-marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

35.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducating

theirchildrencomparedwith_oftheirparents.

A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that

第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Therequirementsforhighschoolgraduationhavejustchangedinmycommunity.Asaresult,

allstudentsmust36sixtyhoursofservicelearning,37theywillnotreceiveadiploma.

Servicelearningisacademiclearningthatalsohelpsthecommunity.38ofservicelearning

includecleaningupapollutedriver,workinginasoupkitchen,ortutoringastudent.39a

serviceexperience,studentsmustkeepajournal（日志）andthenwritea40aboutwhatthey

havelearned.

Supportersclaimthattherearemany41ofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly,

studentsareforcedtothink42theirowninterestsandbecome43oftheneedsofothers.

Studentsarealsoabletolearnreal-lifeskillsthat44responsibility,problem-solving,and

workingaspartofateam.45,studentscanexplorepossiblecareers46servicelearning.

Forexample,ifastudentwonderswhatteachingislike,heorshecanchoosetoworkinan

elementaryschoolclassroomafewafternoonseachmonth.47therearemanybenefits,opponents

（反對(duì)者）48problemswiththenewrequirement.First,they49thatthemainreason

studentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,

studentsspend50timestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentsto

workwithout51goesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayan

individuafsfreedomtochoose.

Inmyview,servicelearningisagreatwayto52tothecommunity,learnnewskills,and

exploredifferentcareers.53Idon'tbelieveyoushouldforcepeopletohelpothers-the54

tohelpmustcomefromtheheart.Ithinkthebest55isonethatgivesstudentschoices:a

studentshouldbeabletochoosesixtyhoursofindependentstudyorsixtyhoursofservice.Choice

encouragesbothfreedomandresponsibility,andasyoungadults,wemustleamtohandleboth

wisely.

36.A.spendB.gainC.completeD.save

37.A.andB.orC.butD.for

38.A.SubjectsB.ideasC.ProceduresD.Examples

39.A.WithB.BeforeC.DuringD.After

40.A.diaryB.reportC.noteD.notice

41.A.coursesB.benefitsC.challengesD.features

42.A.beyondB.aboutC.overD.in

43.A.carefulB.proudC.tiredD.aware

44.A.possessB.applyC.includeD.develop

45.A.GraduallyB.FinallyC.LuckilyD.Hopefully

46.A.throughB.acrossC.ofD.on

47.A.SoB.ThusC.SinceD.While

48.A.dealwithB.lookintoC.pointoutD.takedown

49.A.argueB.doubtC.overlookD.admit

50.A.muchB.fullC.lessD.more

51.A.costB.payC.care.D.praise

52.A.contributeB.appealC.attendD.belong

53.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.However

54.A.courageB.desireC.emotionD.spirit

55.A.decisionB.purposeC.solutionD.result

第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng),

并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

WhenwomensittogethertowatchamovieonTV,theyusuallytalksimultaneously（同時(shí)的）

aboutavarietyofsubjects,includingchildren,men,careersandwhat,shappeningintheirlives.

Whengroupsofmenandwomenwatchamovietogether,themenusuallyenduptellingthewomen

toshutup.Mencaneithertalkorwatchthescreen-theycan'tdoboth-andtheydon*tunderstand

thatwomencan.Besides,womenconsiderthatthepointofallgettingtogetheristohaveagoodtime

anddeveloprelationships-notjusttosittherelikecouchpotatoesstaringatthescreen.

Duringtheadbreaks,amanoftenasksawomantoexplaintheplotandtellhimwherethe

relationshipbetweenthecharactersisgoing.Heisunable,unlikewomen,toreadthesubtlebody

languagesignalsthatrevealhowthecharactersarefeelingemotionally.Sincewomenoriginally

spenttheirdayswiththeotherwomenandchildreninthegroup,theydevelopedtheabilityto

communicatesuccessfullyinordertomaintainrelationships.Forawoman,speechcontinuestohave

suchaclearpurpose:tobuildrelationshipsandmakefriends.Formen,totalkistorelatethefacts.

Menseethetelephoneasacommunicationtoolforsendingfactsandinformationtoother

people,butawomanseesitasameansofbonding.Awomancanspendtwoweeksonvacationwith

hergirlfriendand,whenshereturnshome,telephonethesamegirlfriendandtalkforanothertwo

hours.

Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirls*motherstalked

themmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorof

SocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalkedto

andlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsrespondto

thebrainbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,we

thereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointed

toreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.

56.WhilewatchingTVwithothers,womenUsuallytalkalotbecausethey

A.areafraidofawkwardsilencewiththeirfamiliesandfriends

B.canbothtalkandwatchthescreenattheSametime

C.thinktheycanhaveagoodtimeanddeveloprelationships

D.havetoexplaintheplotandbodylanguagetotheirhusbands

57.Afteravacationwithhergirlfriend,awomanwouldtalktoheragainonthephonefbrhours

inorderto.

A.experiencethehappytimeagainB.keepaclosetiewithher

C.recommendheranewscenicspotD.remindherofsomethingforgotten

58.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?

A.Women*sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunication

B.Womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.

C.Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.

D.Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.

59.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WomenAreSociallyTrainedtoTalkB.TalkingMaintainsRelationships

C.WomenLovetoTalkD.MenTalkDifferentlyfromWomen

B

Itwasthefirstmowofwinter-anexcitingdayfbrevery,childbutnotfbrmosttether.Up

untilnow,1hadbeenabletodressmyselfforrecess（課間休息）,buttodayIwouldneedsomehelp.

MissFinlayson,mykindergartenteacheratPrincessElizabethSchoolnearHamilton,Ontario,had

beenthroughfirstsnowdays,manytimesinherlongcareer,butIthinkstruggledstillrememberthis

one.

Imanagedtogetintomywoolsnowpants.ButIstraggledwithmyjacketbecauseitdidn'tfit

well.Itwasahand-me-downfrommybrother,anditmademewonderwhyIhadtowearhisugly

clothes.Atleastmyhatandmatchingscarfweremine,andtheywerequitepretty.Finallyitwas

timetohaveMissFinlaysonhelpmewithmyboots.Inhercalm,motherlyvoiceshesaid,“Bythe

endofwinter,youwillbeabletoputonownboots."Ididn'trealizeatthetimethatthiswasmorea

statementofhopethanofconfidence.

Ihandedhermybootsandstuckoutmyfoot.Likemostchildren,Iexpectedtheadulttodoan

thework.Aftermushwigglingandpushing,shemanagedtogetfirstoneintoplaceandthen,witha

sigh,workedthesecondoneontoo.

Iannounced,"They'reonthewrongfeet.^Withthegracethatonlyexperiencecanbring,she

struggledtogetthebootsoffandwentthroughthejoylesstaskofputtingthemonagain.ThenI

said,“Thesearen'tmyboots,youknow."Asshepulledtheoffendingbootsfrommyfeet,shestill

managedtolookbothhelpfulandinterested.Oncetheywereoff.Isaid,“Theyaremybrother's

boots.Mymothermakesmewearthem,andIhatethem!”Somehow,fromlongyearsofpractice,

shemanagedtoactasthoughIwasn'tanannoyinglittlegirl.Shepushedandshoved,lessgentlythis

time,andthebootswerereturnedtotheirproperplaceonmyfeet.Withagreatsighofrelief,seeing

theendofherstrugglewithme,sheasked,“Now,whereareyourgloves?

Ilookedintohereyesandsaid."Ididn'twanttolosethem,soIputthemintothetoesofmy

boots.”

60.Accordingtothepassage,thelittlegirlgotfromherbrother.

A.thewoolsnowpantsandthejacketB.thejacketandtheboots

C.thejacketandthehatD.thebootsandthegloves

61.Whatmadeitsohardfortheteachertohelpthelittlegirlputherbootson?

A.Theglovesinthetoesoftheboots.B.Theslownessoftheteacher.

C.Thewrongsizeoftheboots.D.Theunwillingnessofthegirl.

62.Itcanbeinferredthatbeforethelittlegirlfinallywentouttoenjoythefirstsnowofwinter,

theteacherhadtohelpherputonherboots.

A.onceB.twiceC.threetimesD.fourtimes

63.WhichofthefollowingsentencesfromthetextBESTindicatesthattheteacherisvery

considerate?

A.Inhercalm,motherlyvoiceshesaid,“Bytheendofwinter,…”(Paragraph2)

B.Withthegracethatonlyexperiencecanbring,shestruggledto...(Paragraph4)

Cshestillmanagedtolookbothhelpfulandinterested.(Paragraph4)

D.shemanagedtoactasthoughIwasn'tanannoyinglittlegirl.(Paragraph4)

C

TransportGuide

TheBrisbaneCityCouncil(BCC)isresponsible——

forbusandferryserviceswithinthecitylimitsandj?然:一

suburbs.Mostbuseswilleitherarriveatthecityoraninterchangewhereconnectingbusescanbe

caught.BCCbusesoperatefrom5：30amto11：00pmMondaytoThursdayand5：30amtO12：

00amonFridays.OnweekendsandpublicholidaysbusesoperatelessfrequentlyPre—paidbus

ticketscanbepurchasedfromtheQUT(QueenslandUniversityofTechnology)bookshop,the

campusnewsagency,mostothernewsagenciesandgeneralstores,andanyBCCCustomerService

Centre.Short-termstudentsatQUTcannotusetheirIDcardstogainadiscountfareonBCCpublic

transport.Youwillneedtobuyanadulttickettotravel.Busfaresaredependentonthenumberof

zonesyouhavetotravel.Thereareseveraltypesoftickets：

BCost(AV?)

二Zone■■

SingleDailyOff-peakDailyTen-tripSaverWeeklyMonthly

12.504.203.5016.8016.8067.20

22.905.004.1020.0020.0080,00

33.305.804.7023.2023.2092.80

Single：onewaytickettoreachyourdestination,includingtransferswithin2hours.

Daily:unlimitedtravelwithinthezones.

Off-peak'Daily：discountedunlimitedtravelbetween9：00amand3：30pinandafter7：00

pm

MondaytoFriday,andalldayonweekendsandpublicholidays.

Weekly：unlimitedtravelwithinthezonesfbroneweekfromthedateofissue.

Monthly：unlimitedtravelwithinthezonesfbronecalendarmonthfromthedateofissue.

Ten-tripSaver:10tripsatanytimewithinthezonesonbusesandferriesonly.

Transportroutes,timetablesandfareinformationareavailablefrom:

PublicTransportInfbnnationCentre

69AnnStreet(comerofGeorgeSt)

BrisbaneCity

Phone131230(TransportInformationService)

64.Thetransportguideaboveismostlikelyprovidedby.

A.PublicTransportInformationCentre

B.theBrisbaneCityCouncil

C.QueenslandUniversityofTechnology.

D.BCCCustomerServiceCentres

65.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays

B.regularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets

C.Pre一paidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre

D.Ten-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime

66.AnexchangestudentstayingatQUTforfivedayshastotravelbetweenzoneseveryday.

Whattypeofticketwouldheprobablybuy?

A.Single.B.Weekly.C.Off-peakDaily.D.Ten一tripSaver.

D

Haveyouevernoticedthecolourofthewaterinariverorstreamafteraheavyrainfall?What

doyouthinkcausedthischangeincolour?Itissoilthathasbeenwashedintotheriverfromthe

riverbankorfromt}lenearbyfields.

ComponentsofSoil

Soilismadeupofanumberoflayers（層），eachhavingitsowndistinctivecolourandtexture.

Theupperlayerisknownasthelitter.Itactslikeablanket,limitingtemperaturechangesand

reducingwaterloss.Thetopsoillayerismadeupofsmallparticlesofrockmixedwithrottenplant

andanimalmattercalledhumus（腐殖質(zhì)），whichisblackandgivesthetopsoilitsdarkcolour.This

layerisusuallyrichinnutrients,oxygen,andwater.Belowthetopsoilisthesubsoil,alayerthat

containsmorestonesmixedwithonlysmallamountsoforganicmatter.Thislayerislighterincolour

becauseofthelackofhumus.Beneaththesoilliesalayerofbedrock.

Soilformsfromthebottomup.Overtimebedrockisattackedbyrain,wind,frost,andsnow.It

isgraduallybrokendownintosmallerparticlesinaprocesscalledweathering.Plantsbegintogrow,

androttenmaterialsenrichthetopsoil.MostofthesoilinEasternCanada,forexample.Wasformed

fromweatheredrockthatwasexposedwhentheicedisappeared12,000yearsago.

WaterBeneaththeSoil

Surfacewatercollectsandflowsabovethegroundinlakes,ponds,andrivers.Onceinthesoil

orrock,itiscalledgroundwater.Gravitypullsgroundwaterthroughthesoilinaprocesscalled

percolation（滲透）.Eventuallythewaterreachesalayercalledthewatertable.Underthisisbedrock

throughwhichwatercannotpercolate.

Aswaterpercolatesdownward,itdissolvesorganicmatterandmineralsfromthesoiland

carriesthemtodeeperlayers.Thiscausesaseriousproblembecauseplantsrequirethesenutrients

forgrowth.

SoilpH

Soilcanbeacidic,neutral,orbasic.ThepHofthesoilisdeterminedbythenatureoftherock

fromwhichitwasformed,andbythenatureoftheplantsthatgrowandrotinit.

TheacidityofrainandsnowcanlowerthepHofthegroundwaterthatentersthesoil.By

burningfossilfuelssuchascoal,oilandgasoline,humanshavebeencontributingtohigherlevelsof

acidityinmanysoils.Whenfossilfuelsareburned,gasesarereleasedintotheairandthenfallback

toearthasacidrain.Acidsoilincreases出eproblemofcarryingnutrientstolowersoillevels.As

nutrientsareremoved,soilislessfertile.Plantsgrowmoreslowlyinacidicsoil,andalsobecome

easilyattackedbydiseases.

67.Thelayerofsoilthatprovidesnecessarynutrientsforplantgrowthiscalled.

A.litterB.topsoilC.humusD.subsoil

68.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Soilformsfromweatheredrockontheearthsurface.

B.Thedeeperlayerofsoilisdarkerincolourthanthesurfacesoil.

C.Airpollutionispartiallyresponsibleforacidsoil.

D.Groundwatertendstocarryawaynutrientsforplantgrowth.

69.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthewatertablelies.

A.betweenthetopsoillayerandthesubsoillayer

B.inthesubsoillayerabovebedrock

C.betweenthesubsoillayerandbedrock

D.inthebedrocklayerbeneaththesubsoil

70.Theunderlinedword“dissolve“isusedtoexpresstheideathatorganicmatterandminerals

fromsoilare.

A.rushedawayintotheriver

B.cleanedandpurifiedbywater

C.destroyedandcarriedawaybywater

D.mixedwithwaterandbecomepartofit

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。

CommunicationPrinciples

Howyouseeyourselfcanmakeagreatdifferenceinhowyoucommunicate."Everyindividual

existsinacontinuallychangingworldofexperienceofwhichhe(orshe)isthecenter,,.Many

communicationscholarsandsocialscientistsbelievethatpeopleareproductsofhowotherstreat

themandofthemessagesotherssendthem.Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofourselves

incommunication.Astudent,forinstance,maydescribeaconflictwithateacherasunfair

treatment：”Iknowmyteacherdoesn'tlikethefactthatIdon'tagreewithhisopinions,andthafs

whyhegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass.9Theteachermightsaytheopposite.Eachperson

maybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson'sviewiswrong.

Theconceptofserforiginatesincommunication.Throughverbalandnonverbalsymbols,a

childlearnstoacceptrolesinresponsetotheexpectationsofothers.Youestablishself-imageoThe

sortofpersonyoubelieveyouare,byhowothersthinkofyou.Positive,negative,andneutral

messagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindeterminingwhoyouare.Communication

itselfisprobablybestunderstoodasadialogueprocess.Ourunderstandingofcommunicationcomes

fromourinteractionswithotherpeople.Inamoreobviousway.communicationinvolvesothersin

thesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhen

selectingmessagestoshare.So,thecommunicationbeginswiththeself,asdefinedlargelyby

others,andinvolvesothers,asdefinedlargelybytheself.

CommunicationOccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife.Ifyouarenotcommunicatingwith

yourself(thinking,planning,reactingtotheworldaroundyou),youareobservingothersand

drawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior.Eveniftheotherpersondidnotintendamessageforyou.

yougatherobservationsanddrawspecificconclusions.Apersonyawnsandyoubelievethatperson

isboredwithyourmessage.Asecondpersonlooksawayfromyouandyouconcludethatpersonis

notlisteningtoyou.AthirdpersonsmilesCperhapsbecauseofamemoryofajokeheheardrecently)

andyoubelievethatheisattractedtoyou.Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers9

behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathavecommunicativevalueforthem.

Moreoftenthannot,youmayhavehurtsomeoneaccidentallyandyoumayhavetriedto

explainthatyoudidnotmeanthat.Youmayhavetoldtheotherpersonthatyouweresorryforyour

statement.Youmayhavemadeajokeoutofyourrudestatement.Nonetheless,yourcomment

remainsbothinthemindoftheotherpersonandinyourownmind.Youcannotgobackintimeand

eraseyourmessagestoothers.Communicationcannotbereversed(彳到退)，norcanitberepeated.

Whenyoutriedtore—createtheatmosphere,theconversation,andthesettin