2019年6月份四級（第二套）試題

12019年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題（第二套）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampuswriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A）Heavyfloods.C）Badeconomy.B）Safetyconcerns.D）Workers’strikes.2.A）Itiscompetitivewithitsnumeroustouristdestinations.B）ItprovidesmanyjobopportunitiesforFrenchpeople.C）ItisthebiggestconcernoftheFrenchgovernment.D）Itplaysanimportantroleinthenation’seconomy.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A）Tocarryoutascientificsurvey.C）TorescuetwosickAmericanworkers.B）Toestablishanewresearchstation.D）Todeliverurgentmedicalsupplies.4.A）Thedarknessandcold.C）Thebitingwinds.B）Theheavysnowandfog.D）Theiceallaround.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A）Bytyingittoadoorhandle.C）Witharemotecontrolcraft.B）Byshakingitbackandforth.D）Withafull-sizedhelicopter.6.A）HehaslotsoffansonFacebook.C）Heoftensuffersfromtoothaches.B）Hehasrichexperienceinflying.D）Hehaslearnedtopullteethfromavideo.7.A）Spendmoretimetogether.C）Dosomethingfunandcreative.B）Tellthemadventurestories.D）Playwiththeminasafeplace.SectionB2Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),BC)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.8.A)Toconfirmanurgentappointment.C)Toaskthewomantosignadocument.B)Tocollectapackagefromthewoman.D)Toarrangethedeliveryofapackage.9.A）Sheisdoingshopping.C）Sheisnotathome.B）Sheisvisitingafriend.D）Sheisnotfeelingwell.10.A）Hewillbeoffdutythewholeday.C）Hewillhavetohavehiscarrepaired.B）Hewillbeworkingsomewhereelse.D）Hewillbetoobusytospareandtime.11.A）Signhername.C）Payasmallfee.B）Confirmonline.D）Showupinperson.Questions12to15arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.12.A）VacationinItaly.C）Throwafarewellparty.B）Studyabroad.D）GotoafashionshowinMilan.13.A）Quitesleepy.C）Ratherdepressed.B）Veryexcited.D）Nearlyexhausted.14.A）Hehastoattendaparty.C）Hehastomakeapresentation.B）Hehastomeetafriend.D）Hehastofinishanassignment.15.A）Saygoodbyetothewomanattheairport.C）DrivetheWomantotheairport.B）MeetthewomanattheBlackCatCafe.D）Havelunchwiththewoman.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Ithaskeptgrowingoverthecenturies.B)Itstopishiddenincloudsofvolcanicsmoke.C)Itsheightchangeswitheachvolcaniceruption.D)Ithasarecordedhistoryof1500years.17.A)Theyarenowatouristdestination.B)Theyattractalotofmigratingbirds.C)Theyprovideshelterforthefarmers.D)Theymakegoodfieldsforfarming.318.A)Theynestonthevolcano’sslopes.B)Theyfeedoncertainsmallmammals.C)Theycompetewitheachotherforfood.D)Theymatchlargemammalsinstrength.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heisself-employed.C)Hestudiestalent.B)Heisacareeradvisor.D)Heownsamagazine.20.A)Doingwhattheylikebest.C)Makingnoexcusesforfailures.B)Lovingtheworktheydo.D)Followingtheirnaturalinstinct.21.A)Itdoesnotcometoanythingwithouthardwork.B)Itmayprovetobequitedifferentfromhardwork.C)Itisanaturalgiftonlysomespecialpeoplecanpossess.D)Itdoesnotcometoyouuntilsomethingspecialhappens.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itisabitdifficulttolearn.C)Itisatraditionaltypeofballet.B)ItwaspopularinNewZealand.D)Itevolvedinthemid-1970s.23.A)Shewantedhertobeaballetdancer.C)Shehatedtoseeheridlingabout.B)Sheusedtobeaballetdancerherself.D)Shewastoobusytolookafterher.24.A)AftershestartedteachingEnglish.C)WhenshemovedtoNewYorkcity.B)BeforesheleftforNewZealand.D)Onceshebegantoliveonherown.25.A)Ithasrenewedherpassionforlife.C)Ithashelpedhermakenewfriends.B)Ithasmadeherhappyandenergetic.D)Ithasenabledhertostartanewcareer.PartIIISectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justbecausetheycan’tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn’tmeanthatanimalsdon’thaveculture.There’snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales.Asoneofthemost__26__predators（食肉動物killerwhalesmaynotfitthe27ofaculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly__28__behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.Theword“culture”comesfromtheLatin“colere,”which29means“tocultivate.”In4otherwords,itreferstoanythingthatis__30__orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.Forinstance,havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic31thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthemto__32__intheircoldclimate.Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent__33__acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat34frompoletopole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey（獵物）.This,inturn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo35thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals’geneticdevelopment.A)acquiredI)imageB)adaptationsJ)litereallyC)brutalK)refinedD)deliberatelyL)revolvesE)expressedM)speculateF)extendsN)structureG)habitatsO)thriveH)humbleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerLivingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-olds[A]Broaddemographic(人口的)shiftsismaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsintheU.S.areliving,andanewPewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirlives—wheretheycallhome.In2014,forthefirsttimeinmorethan130years,adultsages18to34wereslightlymorelikelytobelivingintheirparents’homethantheyweretobelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.[B]ThisturnofeventsisfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35.Datingbackto1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.Thistypeofarrangementpeakedaround1960,when62%ofthenation’s18-to34-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.[C]By2014,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)(32.1%).Some14%ofyoung5adultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparent,in-laworsibling(兄弟姐妹)),anon-relative,oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.[D]It’sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout35%ofthenation’s18-to34-year-oldslivedwithmomand/ordad(comparedwith32%in2014).Whathaschanged,instead,istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood,withthedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.[E]Amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender.Formenages18to34,livingathomewithmomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseofpartnerintheirownhome,while35%werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s).Youngwomen,however,arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseofromanticpartner(35%)thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent(s)(29%).[F]In2014,moreyoungwomen(16%)thanyoungmen(13%)wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner.Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesingleparentslivingwiththeirchildren.Fortheirpart,youngmen(25%)aremorelikelythanyoungwomen(19%)tobelivinginthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.[G]Avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseintheshareofyoung.Adultslivingwiththeparents.Thefirstinthepostponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.Theaverageageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshareofyoungadultmaybeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousPewResearchCenteranalysisprojectedthatasmanyasone-in-fouroftoday’syoungadultmaynevermarry.Whilecohabitation（同居）hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivingwithanunmarriedpartnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.[H]Inaddition,trendsinbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s),andthisisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungmenaremuchlesslikelytoliveathomethanyoungmenwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyoungmenhasfallensignificantlyinrecentdecades.Theshareofyoungmenwithjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to-34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlywithearnings,youngmen’swages(afteradjustingforinflation)havebeenonadownwardtrajectory(軌跡)since1970andfellsignificantlyform2000to2010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)hasrisen.[I]Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome.Generally,youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabetoaffordtoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Forwomen,delayedmarriage—whichisrelated,inpart,tolabormarketoutcomesformen—mayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.[J]TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery)hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultstoweatherthe6economicstorm.[K]Beyondgender,youngadult’slivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducation—whichistiedtofinancialmeans.Foryoungadultswithoutabachelor’sdegree,asof2008livingathomewiththeirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitharomanticpartner.By2014,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor’sdegreewerelivingwiththeirparent(s)while27%werelivingwithaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,in201446%weremarriedorlivingwithapartner,andonly19%werelivingwiththeirparent(s).Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.36.Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.37.In2014,thepercentageofmenaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.38.Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.39.Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparents’home.40.Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.41.Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupassingleparentsthanyoungwomen.42.Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.43.Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.44.Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.45.Onereasonforyoungadultstolivewiththeirparentsisthatgetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey’restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnited7States?Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it’snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen’sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen’tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate(選民)andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.46.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?A)Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.B)Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.C)Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.D)Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.47.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?A)Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.B)Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.C)Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.D)Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.48.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?A)Personalitytraits.B)Familyresponsibilities.C)Genderbias.D)Lackofvacancies.49.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?A)Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.B)Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.C)Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.D)Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.50.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica’spoliticalstage?A)Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.B)Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C)Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.D)Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.8PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining.16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countries1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen.Meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare.“Anindividual’sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,”headded.Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,”hesaid.“Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople.”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinr