浙江省鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題

鎮(zhèn)海中學(xué)2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試高二年級(jí)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考試號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡指定位置.2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并收回.第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和Ｄ四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案.AIfyou’vereachedtheendoftheyearfeelingasthoughyoudidn’treadenough,we’vegotyou.Herearesomeofthebestbooksoftheyearaccordingtonotableartists,image-makersandotherculturaltastemakers.EmilyRatajkowski,model:GhostLover’“ThiscollectionofnineshortstoriesprobesintomanyofthesamethemesinLisaTaddeo’sbeloved‘ThreeWomen’,butdiscussestheminasharper,moredisagreeableway.Sheruthlesslyexploresjealousyrelationshipsbetweenwomen,aging,revengeand,ofcourse,desire.Taddeoneverletsyoucomeupforair--makingyoulaughwhilesimultaneouslyhorrifyingyouallwhenyouleastexpectit.”HansUIrichObrist,artisticdirector:‘IAlwaysKnew’“ThisisaportraitofartistandwriterBarbaraChase-Riboud,throughthelettersshewrotetohermother,VivianMae,between1957and1991.Inthisremarkabletitle,BarbaraChase-Riboudtellshermotheraboutherdevelopmentasanartist,herlovestories,andhertripsaroundtheglobe,fromAfricatoChina.Inthesememoirs(回憶錄),Chase-Riboudfranklyandpassionatelydescribesheraspirations,herambitionsandcreativeinspiration，whilealsoshowcasingloveandtendernesstohermother.”AvanJogia,actoranddirector:‘WhoisWellnessFor?’“‘WhoisWellnessFor?’isabookthatworksaspartsocialobservationandpartmemoir.ItexploresthecommercializationofhealingandritualandasksquestionsabouttheindustryofwellnessIfoundthereadinsightful,thoughtful,andunafraid.Wellnessisn’tforanyoneifit’snotforeveryone.”1.Whatsets“GhostLover”apartfrom“ThreeWomen”?A.Thefocusonthemes. B.Thesettingofstories.C.Thestructureofbooks. D.Thetoneofnarration.2.Whoisthewriterof“TAlwaysKnew”?A.BarbaraChase-Riboud. B.HansUlrichObristC.VivianMae. D.AvanJogia.3.Whatdotheabove-mentionedbookshaveincommon?A.Theybringlaughtertoreaders. B.TheysharethesamewritingtypeC.Theycenteronthethemeoflove D.Theystandoutasthebestreadsoftheyear.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了三本年度最佳書(shū)籍的具體信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ThiscollectionofnineshortstoriesprobesintomanyofthesamethemesinLisaTaddeo’sbeloved‘ThreeWomen’,butdiscussestheminasharper,moredisagreeableway.”（這本由九篇短篇小說(shuō)組成的合集探討了麗莎·塔迪歐深受喜愛(ài)的《三個(gè)女人》中的許多相同主題，但以一種更尖銳，令人不快的方式討論了他們。）可知，該書(shū)與《三個(gè)女人》的主題相似，但敘事基調(diào)更尖銳。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Inthisremarkabletitle,BarbaraChase-Riboudtellshermotheraboutherdevelopmentasanartist,herlovestories,andhertripsaroundtheglobe,fromAfricatoChina.”（在這本引人注目的書(shū)中，BarbaraChase-Riboud向她的母親講述了她作為一名藝術(shù)家的發(fā)展歷程、她的愛(ài)情故事，以及她從非洲到中國(guó)的全球旅行。）可知，這本書(shū)的作者是BarbaraChase-Riboud。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Herearesomeofthebestbooksoftheyearaccordingtonotableartists,image-makersandotherculturaltastemakers.”（以下是著名藝術(shù)家、形象塑造者和其他文化品味制造者評(píng)選出的年度最佳書(shū)籍。）可知，這三本書(shū)都是一些專家評(píng)選出的最佳年度書(shū)籍。故選D項(xiàng)。BAnimmersiveandslow-pacedCitywalkisbecomingtrendyacrossChina.Incontrasttorushingpastovercrowdedtouristlandmarks,thenewtrendhasemergedasapopularalternativetoexplorebustlingmarkets,ancientstreets,andcharmingalleysataleisurelypace.TheappealofCitywalkcatersparticularlytotheyoungergenerationoftencaughtupindemandingworkschedules.Asevidencedbytheincreasingpopularityofhashtagslike“Citywalkforvacation”onlifestylesharingplatformXiaohongshu,withastaggering465millionviewsandnearly464,600engagements,thetrendistrulycapturingunbelievableattention.Citywalk,ormeanderingthroughtheurbanlandscapes,meanstheactofwalkingfreelyalongcitystreetsunburdenedbyexhaustiveplans.Itofferspeopleanavenuetointimatelyexperienceurbancultureandlocaltraditions.Citywalkisnotmerelyaboutsightseeing.Itcreatesanopportunityforsocialinteractionsanddeepconnectionswiththecities.Citywalkroutesaretailoredtothespecificinterestsofbothout-of-towntouristsandlocals.Fortourists,thefocusisonsharinglocalcustomsandtraditions,whileforlocals,discussionsrevolvearoundthecity’spast,present,andfuture.ThegrowingtrendofCitywalkreflectsachangingattitudetowardslife,embracingawarmer,morerelaxed,andslower-pacedlifestyle.AsCitywalkexpandsbeyondfirst-tiercitieslikeBeijing,Shanghai,andGuangzhou,tosecond-andthird-tiercitiesacrossthecounty,itbringsfreshopportunitiesforthetourismindustry,insuchareasasdining,shopping,andaccommodation.GovernmentsinBeijingandShandonghaverecognizedthepotentialofCitywalk,incorporatingitintotheiractionplanstopromoteculturaltourismandleisureactivities.InShanghai,publicbuslinesspeciallydesignedhavebeenintroducedtoelevatetheoverallCitywalkforparticipants.“Byslowingdownanddelvingintothenarrowalleys,observingthelivesofcityresidents,andimmersingoneselfinthecontextofmuseumsandartgalleries,oneisentitledtoembracethepleasureoflife,”saidLuoJun,aculturaltourismenthusiast.4.What’sthemainreasonforthepopularityofCitywalkamongyoungpeople?A.Itmainlyfocusesonurbansightseeing.B.Socialmediaoffermanytemptingvideos.C.Busyworkschedulelimitsthechoiceofpeople.D.Conventionaltouristlandmarksarelosingcharm.5.What’sthemeaningofunderlinedword“staggering”inthesecondparagraph?A.Astonishing. B.Rewarding. C.Embarrassing. D.Shrinking.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTCitywalk?A.AnimmersiverouteforforeignerstoenjoythealleysinChengdu.BAholidaytraveltohurriedlyvisitcrowdedlandmarksinShanghai.C.AfreewalkincludingvisitingmuseumsandoldtownsinQingdao.D.AleisurelytouralongQiantangRivertoexperiencecitytransformation.7.WhathavesomegovernmentsdonetopromoteCitywalk?A.Facilitiesinthemuseumshavebeenenhanced.B.Cooperationhasbeenstrengthenedamongcities.C.Opportunitieshavebeenofferedtothird-tiercities.D.Specificpublictransportationrouteshavebeenintroduced.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了沉浸式的慢節(jié)奏城市漫步正在中國(guó)成為一種時(shí)尚?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheappealofCitywalkcatersparticularlytotheyoungergenerationoftencaughtupindemandingworkschedules.(城市漫步的吸引力尤其迎合了經(jīng)常被繁忙的工作日程所困的年輕一代。)”可知，城市漫步在年輕人中流行的主要原因是繁忙的工作日程限制了人們的選擇。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句后半部分“thetrendistrulycapturingunbelievableattention(這一趨勢(shì)確實(shí)吸引了令人難以置信的關(guān)注)”說(shuō)明這一趨勢(shì)引起的廣泛關(guān)注令人難以置信，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€部分“Asevidencedbytheincreasingpopularityofhashtagslike‘Citywalkforvacation’onlifestylesharingplatformXiaohongshu,withastaggering465millionviewsandnearly464,600engagements(生活方式分享平臺(tái)小紅書(shū)上的‘城市漫步度假’等標(biāo)簽越來(lái)越受歡迎，閱讀量達(dá)到了staggering4.65億次，參與量接近46.64萬(wàn)次)”其中劃線詞匯意思是“難以置信的，令人驚訝的”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“Animmersiveandslow-pacedCitywalkisbecomingtrendyacrossChina.Incontrasttorushingpastovercrowdedtouristlandmarks,thenewtrendhasemergedasapopularalternativetoexplorebustlingmarkets,ancientstreets,andcharmingalleysataleisurelypace.(沉浸式的慢節(jié)奏城市漫步正在中國(guó)成為一種時(shí)尚。與匆匆走過(guò)擁擠的旅游地標(biāo)不同，這種新趨勢(shì)已經(jīng)成為一種流行的選擇，人們可以悠閑地探索繁華的市場(chǎng)、古老的街道和迷人的小巷。)”可知，城市漫步不包括“匆忙游覽上海擁擠的地標(biāo)的假日旅行”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“InShanghai,publicbuslinesspeciallydesignedhavebeenintroducedtoelevatetheoverallCitywalkforparticipants.(在上海，專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的公交線路為參與者提升了整個(gè)城市漫步。)”可知，一些政府為了促進(jìn)城市漫步引入了特定的公共交通路線。故選D項(xiàng)。CMicrosofthasannouncedthegeneralavailabilityofitsAzureAIContentSafety,anewservicethathelpsusersdetectandfilterharmfulAI—anduser-generatedcontentacrossapplicationsandservices.Theservice,designedtoreducenegativeinformationincommunityenvironments,includestextandimagedetectionandidentifiescontentthatMicrosoftterms“offensive,risky,orundesirable,”includinghate,bias,adultcontent,violenceandself-harm.“Byfocusingoncontentsafety,wecancreateasaferdigitalenvironmentthatpromotesresponsibleuseofAIandsafeguardsthewell-beingofindividualsandsocietyasawhole,”wroteLouiseHan,productmanagerforAzureAnomalyDetector,inablogpostannouncingthelaunch.AzureAIContentSafetyhastheabilitytohandlevariouscontentcategories,languages,andthreatstomoderatebothtextandvisualcontent.ItalsooffersimagefeaturesthatuseAIalgorithmstoscan,analyze,andmoderatevisualcontent,ensuringwhatMicrosoftterms360-degreecomprehensivesafetymeasures.Theserviceisalsoequippedtomoderatecontentacrossmultiplelanguagesanditcanratetheseverityofspecificcontentonascalerangingfrom0to7.Thenitinstructshumandetectorstotakeaction.“Whenitcomestoonlinesafety,itiscrucialtoconsidermorethanjusthuman-generatedcontent,especiallyasAI-generatedcontentbecomesprevalent,”Hanwrote.“TomakesurethatAI-generatedoutputsareaccurate,reliable,orappropriatematerialsisessential.ContentsafetynotonlyprotectsusersfrommisinformationandpotentialharmbutalsoupholdsmoralstandardsandbuildstrustinAItechnologies.”AzureAIContentSafetyhasabetterunderstandingoftextualcontentandculturalcontextandaremorepreciseinprocessingdataandcontentthanotherproductsintheircategory.AzureAIContentSafetyismainlypricedonapay-as-you-gobasis.InteresteduserscancheckoutpricingoptionsontheAzureAIContentSafetypricingpage.8.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.MicrosoftmakesAItechnologiespopular.B.MicrosoftguaranteestrustinAItechnologies.C.MicrosoftlaunchesAIContentSafetyservice.D.MicrosoftputsforwardatermaboutAIContentSafety.9.WhattypeofinformationisthemostlikelytobeidentifiedbyAzureAIContentSafety?A.Hatredspeeches. B.Nurseryrhymes. C.Peacefulprotests. D.Defensivepostures.10.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutAzureAIContentSafetyaccordingtoparagraph4-6?A.Itdealsonlywithvisualinformationtoguaranteeasecuredigitalworld.B.Itisthebestproductcreatedtopreventmisleadinginformationinhistory.C.Itassessestheseriousnessofspecificinformationbyusingdifferentlanguages.D.It’scommittedtoaccuracy,reliabilityandappropriatenessofAI-generatedcontents.11.Thetextisprobablyfollowedbyaparagraphabout.A.theapplicationofAzureAIContentSafetytousers’languagelearning.B.thedetailsofpricechoiceswhenpurchasingAzureAIContentSafety.C.thecomparisonofAzureAIContentSafetyandothersimilarproducts.D.theexamplesofAzureAIContentSafetytosolvetechnicalproblems.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。微軟宣布全面推出AzureAI內(nèi)容安全服務(wù)，這是一項(xiàng)新服務(wù)，可以幫助用戶在應(yīng)用程序和服務(wù)中檢測(cè)和過(guò)濾有害的人工智能和用戶生成的內(nèi)容。文章介紹了這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的一些內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“MicrosofthasannouncedthegeneralavailabilityofitsAzureAIContentSafety,anewservicethathelpsusersdetectandfilterharmfulAI—anduser-generatedcontentacrossapplicationsandservices.(微軟宣布全面推出AzureAI內(nèi)容安全服務(wù)，這是一項(xiàng)新服務(wù)，可以幫助用戶在應(yīng)用程序和服務(wù)中檢測(cè)和過(guò)濾有害的人工智能和用戶生成的內(nèi)容)”結(jié)合文章介紹了這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的一些內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是微軟推出AI內(nèi)容安全服務(wù)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theservice,designedtoreducenegativeinformationincommunityenvironments,includestextandimagedetectionandidentifiescontentthatMicrosoftterms“offensive,risky,orundesirable,”includinghate,bias,adultcontent,violenceandself-harm.(這項(xiàng)服務(wù)旨在減少社區(qū)環(huán)境中的負(fù)面信息，包括文本和圖像檢測(cè)，并識(shí)別微軟所說(shuō)的“冒犯、危險(xiǎn)或不受歡迎”的內(nèi)容，包括仇恨、偏見(jiàn)、成人內(nèi)容、暴力和自殘)”可知，仇恨言論類型的信息最有可能被AzureAI內(nèi)容安全識(shí)別。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“TomakesurethatAI-generatedoutputsareaccurate,reliable,orappropriatematerialsisessential.(為了確保人工智能生成的輸出是準(zhǔn)確、可靠或適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧鲜潜夭豢缮俚?”可知，關(guān)于AzureAI內(nèi)容安全，D選項(xiàng)“致力于AI生成內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確性、可靠性和適當(dāng)性”正確。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AzureAIContentSafetyismainlypricedonapay-as-you-gobasis.InteresteduserscancheckoutpricingoptionsontheAzureAIContentSafetypricingpage.(AzureAIContentSafety的定價(jià)主要基于現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付。感興趣的用戶可以在AzureAI內(nèi)容安全定價(jià)頁(yè)面上查看定價(jià)選項(xiàng))”可推知，文章后面可能有一段關(guān)于購(gòu)買(mǎi)AzureAI內(nèi)容安全時(shí)價(jià)格選擇的詳細(xì)信息。故選B。DThefirstapesevolved20millionyearsagointheforestswheretheywouldgoupatreetogettheirfood,andthencomebackdowntomoveontothenexttree.Gettingoutofatreepresentsallkindsofnewchallenges.Bigapescan’taffordtofallbecauseitcouldkillorbadlyinjurethem.Naturalselectionwouldhavefavoredthosewithbodystructuresthatallowedthemtodescendsafely.DartmouthresearchersreportinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenSciencethatapesprobablyevolvedfree-movingshouldersandflexibleelbowstoslowtheirdescentfromtreesasgravitypulledontheirheavierbodies.Theseflexiblebodypartspassedonfromancestralapeswouldhaveallowedearlyhumanstoclimbtreesatnightforsafetyandcomedowninthedaylightunhurt.Whenearlyhumanstransitionedfromforeststoopensavannas(熱帶稀樹(shù)草原),flexibleshouldersandelbowswerecrucialforgatheringfoodandusingtoolsforhuntinganddefense.Theresearchersusedsportsanalysisandstatisticalsoftwaretostudyhowprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物)likechimpanzeesandsmallmonkeyscalledmangabeysclimbedinthewild.Theyfoundthatchimpsandmangabeysscaled(攀爬)treessimilarly,withshouldersandelbowsmostlybentclosetothebody.Whendescending,however,chimpanzeesextendedtheirarmsabovetheirheadstoholdontobranches,muchlikeapersonusingaladder,tocounteract(抵消)theirheavierweightpullingthemdownward.LukeFannin,theleadauthorofthestudy,emphasizedthattheirfindingshighlighttheimportanceof“downclimbing”intheevolutionofapesandearlyhumans.Heexplained,“Ourresearchintroducestheideathatdownclimbingplayedasignificantroleinshapingthestructuraldifferencesbetweenmonkeysandapes,whicheventuallymanifestedinhumans.”“Ourfieldhasthoughtaboutapesclimbinguptreesforalongtimebutwe’vebeenignoringthesecondhalfofthisbehavior,”saidProfessorJeremyDeSilva,“Thefindingsareamongthefirsttoidentifythesignificanceof“downclimbing”intheevolutionofapesandearlyhumans.12.Accordingtoparagraph1,apeswouldhavebeenfavoredbynaturalselectionif.A.theyhavesufficientfoodresources.B.theycomedownfromtreessecurely.C.theymasterskillsofclimbinguptrees.D.theycurethemselveswhenthey’reinjured.13.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThesimilarityoftwoprimatesintreeclimbingB.Theevolutionoftwoprimates’adaptationtonature.C.Theanalysisofprimates’treescalinganddescendingD.Theapplicationofdifferentresearchmethodsandtools.14.WhichofthefollowingstatementmightDeSilvaagreewith?A.Descendingtreeshasbeenneglectedbyresearchersforalongtime.B.ThestudyisthefirsttorecognizethesignificanceofdownclimbingC.Theevolutionofapesandearlyhumansisaresultofdownclimbing.D.Studiesonclimbingdowntreesaremorelikelytohavenewfindings.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ChimpanzeesandMangabeys:ResearchesinNaturalSettingsB.ApesandHumans:AComparativeStudyofClimbingupTreesC.ShouldersandElbows:EvolvedasBrakesforDownclimbingApesD.Apes’ClimbingStrategies:HowtoUseDifferentBodyPartsFlexibly【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了有關(guān)猿類爬樹(shù)和下樹(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，說(shuō)明了肩膀和肘部在猿類下樹(shù)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮的重要作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)了研究猿類下樹(shù)過(guò)程的重要性?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后三句“Gettingoutofatreepresentsallkindsofnewchallenges.Bigapescan’taffordtofallbecauseitcouldkillorbadlyinjurethem.Naturalselectionwouldhavefavoredthosewithbodystructuresthatallowedthemtodescendsafely.”（從樹(shù)上爬下來(lái)會(huì)帶來(lái)各種各樣的新挑戰(zhàn)。大猿不能摔倒，因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)殺死或嚴(yán)重傷害它們。自然選擇傾向于那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)允許它們安全降落的動(dòng)物。）可知，自然選擇傾向于那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)允許它們安全降落的動(dòng)物，如果大猿能安全的從樹(shù)上爬下來(lái)而不受傷害，也會(huì)受到自然選擇的青睞。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Theyfoundthatchimpsandmangabeysscaled(攀爬)treessimilarly,withshouldersandelbowsmostlybentclosetothebody.Whendescending,however,chimpanzeesextendedtheirarmsabovetheirheadstoholdontobranches,muchlikeapersonusingaladder,tocounteract(抵消)theirheavierweightpullingthemdownward.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑猩猩和白眉猴爬上樹(shù)的方式相似，肩膀和肘部大多彎曲，接近身體。然而，當(dāng)黑猩猩下降時(shí)，它們會(huì)將手臂伸過(guò)頭頂，抓住樹(shù)枝，就像人類使用梯子一樣，以抵消它們較重的體重對(duì)它們的向下拉力。）可知，本段主要分析了靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物爬樹(shù)和下樹(shù)技能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Ourfieldhasthoughtaboutapesclimbinguptreesforalongtime,butwe’vebeenignoringthesecondhalfofthisbehavior”（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我們的研究領(lǐng)域一直在研究猿類爬樹(shù)的行為，但我們一直忽略了這種行為的后半部分。）可知，DeSilva認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，猿類下樹(shù)行為一直被研究人員所忽視。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句句“Theyfoundthatchimpsandmangabeysscaledtreessimilarly,withshouldersandelbowsmostlybentclosetothebody.Whendescending,however,chimpanzeesextendedtheirarmsabovetheirheadstoholdontobranches,muchlikeapersonusingaladder,tocounteracttheirheavierweightpullingthemdownward.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑猩猩和白眉猴爬上樹(shù)的方式相似，肩膀和肘部大多彎曲，接近身體。然而，當(dāng)黑猩猩下樹(shù)時(shí)，它們會(huì)將手臂伸過(guò)頭頂，抓住樹(shù)枝，就像人類使用梯子一樣，以抵消它們較重的體重對(duì)它們的向下拉力。）及第四段第一句“LukeFannin,theleadauthorofthestudy,emphasizedthattheirfindingshighlighttheimportanceof“downclimbing”intheevolutionofapesandearlyhumans.”（該研究的主要作者LukeFannin強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了“向下攀登”在類人猿和早期人類進(jìn)化中的重要性。）并結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了有關(guān)猿類爬樹(shù)和下樹(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，說(shuō)明了肩膀和肘部在猿類下樹(shù)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮的重要作用。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“肩膀和肘部:進(jìn)化為猿下樹(shù)的剎車”故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).NavigatingtheTransitiontoAdulthoodTheteenageyearsareatransformativeperiodoflife,atimewhenyouembarkonthejourneyfromchildhoodtoadulthood.It’saperiodfilledwithself-discovery,challenges,andpersonalgrowth.IdentityExploration:Oneoftheinitialchallengesduringadolescenceiswrestlingwithyouridentity.____16____Theseinquiriesofself-discoverycanleadtochangesinfriendships,interests,andevenyourgoals.AcademicandLifeSkills:Ashighschoolstudents,you’redealingwithacademicpressures,extracurricularactivities,andsocialrelationships.Balancingtheseaspectsoflifecanbechallenging,butit’sanopportunitytodevelopessentiallifeskills.TheRoleofFriendships:Friendshipsplayasignificantroleinyourteenageyears.Theycanoffersupportandsharedexperiences.____17____.Surroundyourselfwithfriendswhoupliftandrespectyou,andbeasupportivefriendinreturn.Decision-MakingChallenges:Decision-makingbecomesmorecrucialduringthisperiodoflife.____18____Don’tbeafraidtoseekguidancefromtrustedadultsormentorswhenfacedwithtoughchoices.Self-CareandMentalHealth:Self-careandmentalhealtharevitalforteenagegrowth.Duringthisperiod,adolescencebringssignificantpressure.____19____.Engaginginhobbies,spendingtimewithlovedones,orsimplyenjoyingaquietmomentcanofferyouamuch-neededescape.Andalwaysremember:it’sokaytoseekhelpifyou’restrugglingwithanxietyorotherchallenges.____20____Embraceeachmoment,savorthejourney,andrecognizethatgrowthoftencomesfromfacingandovercomingchallenges.Asyounavigateyourteenageyears,rememberthatyouhavethestrengthtothriveanddiscoveryouruniqueplaceintheworld.Yourjourneyisjustbeginning,anditholdsincrediblepotential.A.Thepathtoadulthoodiswinding,withbothtriumphsandfailures.B.Maketimeforactivitiesthatbringyoujoyandrelaxation.C.Questionsaboutwhoyouareandwhatyoustandforarecommon.D.Fromacademicchoicestopersonalvalues,yourdecisionsshapeyourfuture.E.Celebrateyouruniquenessanddon’tbeafraidtobeyourself.F.It’sessentialtorecognizethevalueofhealthyrelationships.G.Seizethechancetoexploreyourinterestsandtalents.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.B20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了作為由童年到成年的過(guò)度階段的青春期面臨的一些重要的挑戰(zhàn)和改變?！?6題詳解】上文“Oneoftheinitialchallengesduringadolescenceiswrestlingwithyouridentity.”（青春期最初的挑戰(zhàn)之一是與你的身份作斗爭(zhēng)。）說(shuō)明在青春期，遇到的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是個(gè)人認(rèn)知的問(wèn)題，并結(jié)合下文“Theseinquiriesofself-discoverycanleadtochangesinfriendships,interests,andevenyourgoals.”（這些自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的探索可以改變你的友誼、興趣，甚至你的目標(biāo)。）可知，C項(xiàng)“Questionsaboutwhoyouareandwhatyoustandforarecommon.”（關(guān)于你是誰(shuí)，你代表什么是很常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題。）中“whoyouareandwhatyoustandfor”照應(yīng)上文“youridentity”，“Questions”照應(yīng)下文“Theseinquiries”，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Theycanoffersupportandsharedexperiences.”（他們可以提供支持和分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）說(shuō)明了朋友的重要性，并結(jié)合下文“Surroundyourselfwithfriendswhoupliftandrespectyou,andbeasupportivefriendinreturn.”（和那些能提升你、尊重你的朋友在一起，作為回報(bào)你也要做一個(gè)支持朋友的人。）可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“It’sessentialtorecognizethevalueofhealthyrelationships.”（認(rèn)識(shí)到健康關(guān)系的價(jià)值是很重要的。）中“thevalueofhealthyrelationships”照應(yīng)下文“friendswhoupliftandrespectyouandbeasupportivefriendinreturn”，朋友尊重你，你也要支持朋友，這就是健康的友誼關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Decision-makingbecomesmorecrucialduringthisperiodoflife.”（在這一時(shí)期，決策變得更加重要。）說(shuō)明在青春期，做決定至關(guān)重要。D項(xiàng)“Fromacademicchoicestopersonalvalues,yourdecisionsshapeyourfuture.”（從學(xué)術(shù)選擇到個(gè)人價(jià)值觀，你的決定塑造了你的未來(lái)。）具體說(shuō)明了為什么做決定很重要，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Duringthisperiod,adolescencebringssignificantpressure.”（在這一時(shí)期，青春期帶來(lái)了巨大的壓力。）說(shuō)明，青春期壓力劇增，B項(xiàng)“Maketimeforactivitiesthatbringyoujoyandrelaxation.”（騰出時(shí)間做一些能給你帶來(lái)快樂(lè)和放松的活動(dòng)）給出了具體的舒緩壓力的方法，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“Embraceeachmoment,savorthejourney,andrecognizethatgrowthoftencomesfromfacingandovercomingchallenges.”（擁抱每一刻，享受旅程，并認(rèn)識(shí)到成長(zhǎng)往往來(lái)自于面對(duì)和克服挑戰(zhàn)。）說(shuō)明由童年到成年的過(guò)度階段會(huì)遇到各種事情，我們要做的就是享受每一刻，坦然面對(duì)。A項(xiàng)“Thepathtoadulthoodiswinding,withbothtriumphsandfailures.”（通往成年的道路是曲折的，既有成功也有失敗。）引出下文“Embraceeachmoment”，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選A項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和Ｄ四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JodiandChase’sfamilylikedtokayak(劃皮艇)outtoasmallcabindowntheriver.Eachsummer,theparentsalways_____21_____themofthedangerousbrownbearsnearby.Today,JodiandChasewereallowedto_____22_____aheadalone.Theyputonlifevestsandstartedtheiradventure.Afterawhile,Joditookabreakandlaidherpaddle_____23_____herkayak,takingouttheirsandwiches:smokedsalmonwithpickledonions.Chaseraisedhiseyebrows.“We’llhaveto_____24_____thefishsmellonourhandswhenwe’redone,”hesaid“Wedon’twanttosmelllikeabear’sfavoritesnack.”Jodisquintedathimassheate.“Notfunny.”“Inever_____25_____aboutbears.”Chaseshrugged.Shortly,theyarrivedattheusualstop:acove(小海灣).Steppingoutoftheirkayaks,theydraggeditabovethewaterline,_____26_____theropearoundatreestump(樹(shù)樁),andwashedtheirhandsinthewater.“Yougoahead,”Jodisaid.“Ineedtograbsomeberries.”ThenshegotofftheroadWalkingalone,_____27_____,Jodisensedmovement.Shestoppedandlistened.Therewasrustlingonthefarsideofthestream.Shewantedto_____28_____downthetrailimmediately.Wouldthatbea_____29_____?JustaswhatDadhadtoldher?Then,agiantcreaturecameoutfromtheshadows.Jodiwasfrozentothespot,goingthrougha______30______inhermind:roundears,darkfurandastraightbody...It’sablackbear!Sheexhaledslightly,forthiskindwasless______31______Butstill,shecouldsmellitsstinkybreathfromacrossthestream,______32______ithadeatensomethingrotten(腐爛的).Yet,asquicklyasithadappeared,thebearescaped.Jodibreathedasighof______33______Whenshearrivedatcabin,Mom,Dad,andChasewerealreadythere.“Howdiditgo?”Dadlooked_____34_____Jodigrinned.Shedidhavea______35______forthem!21.A.assured B.explained C.advised D.reminded22.A.paddle B.swim C.walk D.climb23.A.across B.under C.between D.behind24.A.putupwith B.getridof C.keepaneyeon D.stayawayfrom25.A.discuss B.complain C.joke D.talk26.A.invented B.pushed C.secured D.moved27.A.suddenly B.gradually C.quickly D.normally28A.jumpup B.raceback C.wanderaround D.stepforward29.A.dog B.snake C.lion D.bear30.A.imagination B.exam C.conflict D.checklist31.A.friendly B.aggressive C.smart D.adorable32.A.eventhough B.asif C.eversince D.incase33.A.excitement B.annoyance C.relief D.sorrow34.A.curious B.puzzled C.bothered D.indifferent35.A.legend B.message C.lesson D.story【答案】21.D22.A23.A24.B25.C26.C27.A28.B29.D30.D31.B32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了獨(dú)自在河里皮劃艇的喬迪和蔡斯偶遇熊的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每年夏天，父母總是提醒他們附近有危險(xiǎn)的棕熊。A.assured確信；B.explained解釋；C.advised建議；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)后文“ofthedangerousbrownbearsnearby”可知，父母總是提醒他們附近有棕熊。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，喬迪和蔡斯被允許單獨(dú)劃水。A.paddle劃水；B.swim游泳；C.walk走路；D.climb攀爬。根據(jù)前文“JodiandChase’sfamilylikedtokayakout”可知，今天他倆被允許單獨(dú)劃皮劃艇。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，喬迪休息了一下，把槳放在皮艇上，拿出他們的三明治：熏鮭魚(yú)和腌洋蔥。A.across橫過(guò)；B.under在下面；C.between兩者之間；D.behind在后面。根據(jù)后文“takingouttheirsandwiches”可知，喬迪把船槳橫在皮劃艇上，拿出食物去吃。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：吃完后我們得把手上的魚(yú)腥味去掉。A.putupwith容忍；B.getridof擺脫；C.keepaneyeon密切關(guān)注；D.stayawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離。根據(jù)后文“Wedon’twanttosmelllikeabear’sfavoritesnack”可知，吃完飯后他們需要去掉手上的魚(yú)腥味，以免引來(lái)棕熊。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我從不拿熊開(kāi)玩笑?！辈趟孤柭柤?。A.discuss討論；B.complain抱怨；C.joke開(kāi)玩笑；D.talk談?wù)摗８鶕?jù)前文“Notfunny”可知，喬迪以為蔡斯在開(kāi)玩笑，但蔡斯是認(rèn)真的，從來(lái)不拿遭遇熊這件事開(kāi)玩笑。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們走出皮劃艇，把它拖到水線以上，把繩子系在一個(gè)樹(shù)樁上，然后在水里洗手。A.invented發(fā)明；B.pushed推動(dòng)；C.secured將某物固定；D.moved移動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文“Steppingoutoftheirkayaks,theydraggeditabovethewaterline”及“theropearoundatreestump”可知，他們走到淺水處，需要把皮劃艇固定好，以免被水沖走。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：獨(dú)自行走時(shí)，喬迪突然感覺(jué)到有動(dòng)靜。A.suddenly突然；B.gradually逐漸地；C.quickly迅速地；D.normally通常。根據(jù)后文“Therewasrustling”可知，喬迪突然感覺(jué)有異響。故選A項(xiàng)。28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她想立刻沿著小路跑回去。A.jumpup跳起來(lái)；B.raceback匆忙返回；C.wanderaround閑逛；D.stepforward前進(jìn)。根據(jù)前文“Therewasrustlingonthefarsideofthestream”可知，由于害怕，她想立刻返回。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是一只熊嗎？A.dog狗；B.snake蛇；C.lion獅子；D.bear熊。根據(jù)前文“theparentsalways_____1_____themofthedangerousbrownbearsnearby”可知，她想起了父母的告誡，以為可能是熊。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，一個(gè)巨大的生物從陰影中走了出來(lái)。喬迪僵在原地不動(dòng)，腦子里一遍又一遍地回憶著：圓耳朵、深色皮毛、筆直的身體……這是一只黑熊!A.imagination想象；B.exam考試；C.conflict沖突；D.checklist清單。根據(jù)后文“roundears,darkfurandastraightbody”可知，喬迪在腦海里過(guò)了一遍清單，想象著熊的各種體貌特征。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她輕輕地呼了一口氣，因?yàn)檫@種熊不那么有攻擊性，但她仍然能聞到河對(duì)岸的臭氣，好像它吃了什么腐爛的東西A.friendly友好的；B.aggressive好斗的；C.smart聰明的；D.adorable可愛(ài)的。根據(jù)前文“It’sablackbear!Sheexhaledslightly”可知，由于黑熊不那么具有攻擊性，所以喬迪松了一口氣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查連詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但她仍然能從河對(duì)岸聞到它的臭味，好像它吃了什么腐爛的東西。A.eventhough即使；B.asif似乎；C.eversince自從；D.incase以防。根據(jù)前文“shecouldsmellitsstinkybreath”可知，熊的口氣很臭，似乎吃了腐爛的東西一樣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，就像它出現(xiàn)的那樣快，熊逃走了。喬迪松了一口氣。A.excitement激動(dòng)；B.annoyance惱怒；C.relief放松；D.sorrow悲傷。根據(jù)前文“thebearescaped”可知，熊離開(kāi)了，喬迪松了一口氣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“怎么樣?”爸爸看起來(lái)很好奇，喬迪咧嘴一笑。她確實(shí)有故事要講給他們聽(tīng)!A.curious好奇的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.bothered煩惱的；D.indifferent冷淡的。根據(jù)前文““Howdiditgo?””可知，父親很好奇喬迪做了什么。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“怎么樣?”爸爸看起來(lái)很好奇，喬迪咧嘴一笑。她確實(shí)有故事要講給他們聽(tīng)!A.legend傳說(shuō)；B.message信息；C.lesson教訓(xùn)；D.story故事。根據(jù)前文“theparentsalways_____1_____themofthedangerousbrownbearsnearby”及“It’sablackbear!”可知，喬迪從沒(méi)把父母的話放在心上，但這次真的遇見(jiàn)了熊，她要把這個(gè)故事好好講給家人聽(tīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)