新教材適用2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit2HealthyLifestyleSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage語(yǔ)法探究：完成下列教材中的句子并體會(huì)其語(yǔ)法特征1．However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoform(form)hadhabits.2．Toprevent(prevent)harmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager'slifeisessential.3．Tochange(change)badhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.4．Afterall,itisnoteasytobreak(break)badhabits.歸納總結(jié)1．所有設(shè)空部分都是作什么成分：主語(yǔ)。2．句1、4中設(shè)空部分為句子的真正主語(yǔ)，句中的it為形式主語(yǔ)。3．句2、3中設(shè)空部分直接用不定式短語(yǔ)作句子的主語(yǔ)。Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1．composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫(xiě)→composern．作曲家；作曲者2．surgeonn．外科醫(yī)生→surgeryn．外科手術(shù)；外科學(xué)3．liberationn．解放；擺脫→liberatevt.解放；放出；釋放4．shavevi.，vt.&n．剃(須發(fā))；刮臉→shavern．理發(fā)師；電動(dòng)剃刀5．disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱→disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的6．specialistn．專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生；專(zhuān)家→specializev．專(zhuān)門(mén)從事；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明；特化→specialadj.特別的7．consultantn．顧問(wèn)；高級(jí)顧問(wèn)醫(yī)師→consultv．查閱；商量；向……請(qǐng)教Ⅱ.高頻短語(yǔ)1．becomposedof由……組成(或構(gòu)成)2．shaveoff剃掉；刮去3．beincontrolof...控制……4．cutout切去；省略；停止(做某事)5．takeup拿起；開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間，地方)6．stickto堅(jiān)持7．makeupone'smind下定決心8．giveup放棄9．goonadiet節(jié)食，減肥10．loseweight減肥重點(diǎn)單詞1．composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫(xiě)D典型例句Ourclassiscomposedofeighteenboysandtwelvegirls.我們班由18個(gè)男生和12個(gè)女生組成。Shebegantocomposesongsatanearlyage.她還很年輕時(shí)就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作歌曲。Hewascomposingatthepianoattheageofseven.他7歲時(shí)就會(huì)用鋼琴作曲。S思維拓展becomposedof由……組成(或構(gòu)成)composern．作曲家；作家compositionn．成分；作品J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thehousesinmyhometownwerechieflycomposedofwood.②Accordingtoareport，thecommitteeiscomposed(compose)of12members.③Fivedoctorsandtennurses,composing(compose)therescueteam,weresenttotheearthquake-hitareathismorning.④Tomdelayedhiscomposition,forthefirstsentencewassohardtocompose(compose)．2．shavevi.，vt.&n．剃(須發(fā))；刮臉D典型例句Ilatheredmyfaceandstartedtoshave.我往臉上涂了皂沫，然后開(kāi)始刮胡子。Fathershavedhisbeard.父親剃了胡須。Hehadashaveandabath.他刮了臉，又洗了澡。S思維拓展shaveoff剃掉；刮去shaveup剃光shavern．理發(fā)師；電動(dòng)剃刀J即學(xué)即練完成句子①Doyoushaveyourfaceeveryday?你每天都刮臉嗎？②Thebarbergavehimashaveandahaircut.理發(fā)師給他修面理發(fā)。3.disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱D典型例句Theytookthephoneoffthehooksonocallswoulddisturbthem.他們摘下電話聽(tīng)筒，以免電話打擾他們。Shehasdisturbedhisplansforgoingabroad.她打亂了他出國(guó)的全部計(jì)劃。Itdisturbsmeprofoundlythatyousomisuseyourtalents.你如此濫用自己的才能，使我深感不安。S思維拓展disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的disturbedadj.心神不安的；擔(dān)心的disturbancen．打擾；擾亂；騷動(dòng)Itisverydisturbingthatwehaven'tseenhimforalongtime.好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他，這令我們深感不安。I'mverydisturbedabouthim.我很擔(dān)心他。Q巧學(xué)助記Theywerealldisturbedbythedisturbingnews;thatis,thenewsdisturbedallofthem.這條令人不安的消息使他們都深感不安。也就是說(shuō)，這條消息使他們都感到不安。J即學(xué)即練用disturb的適當(dāng)形式填空①Don'tdisturbthesleepingchild.②Thedisturbingnewshasmadeeveryonepresentupset.③Thedrunkenmancausedadisturbanceinthestreet.4．consultantn．顧問(wèn)；高級(jí)顧問(wèn)醫(yī)師D典型例句Heisaconsultantonlaboraffairstothemayor.他是市長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)勞工顧問(wèn)。There'remanyconsultantsinhospital.醫(yī)院里有很多會(huì)診醫(yī)生。S思維拓展consultantservice咨詢服務(wù)consultv．查閱；商量；向……請(qǐng)教consultthedictionary查字典consultabout...就……請(qǐng)教consultsb.on/aboutsth.請(qǐng)教某人某事；就某事向某人請(qǐng)教consultwith...與……商量consultwithsb.aboutaproblem與某人就一個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行磋商J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Haveyouconsultedadoctoraboutyourfever?②Beforeweacceptthemanagement'sofferwemustconsultwiththeworkersagain.③Hewasappointedasaconsultant(consult)toasoftwarefirm.完成句子④Ofalltheconsultants,onlyMr.Wanggaveussomeproposalsinpoint.所有的顧問(wèn)當(dāng)中，只有王先生提了一些中肯的建議。⑤Ineedtoconsultwithmycolleaguesontheproposals.我需要和我的同事商討這些建議。5．skipvt.跳過(guò)；不參加；悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳繩n．蹦跳D典型例句Heskippedthedullpartsofthebook.他把書(shū)的枯燥部分跳過(guò)去不讀。Brooksskippedschoolthreedaysinarow.布魯克斯連續(xù)三天逃學(xué)。Youmayskipandreadonlythosepassageswhichconcernyou.你可以跳讀，只選那些與你有關(guān)的段落讀一下即可。S思維拓展skipaside跳向一邊skipoff溜走，匆匆離開(kāi)skipforjoy歡跳skipoutofsb.'sway閃開(kāi)給某人讓路skipover跳過(guò)，忽略，略過(guò)skipthrough跳讀，瀏覽J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theysawthemanwithalittlegirlskipping(skip)alongbehindhim.②Iskippedthroughthefirstpartofthebook,eagertogettotheexcitingbits.③Sheskippedoffwithoutpayingherbill.完成句子④Hegaveaskipofjoyasheheardthenews.得知這個(gè)消息，他高興地跳了起來(lái)。⑤Sheskippedtheboringpartsofthetextandjustlookedatthepicture.她跳過(guò)了課文中那些枯燥無(wú)味的部分，只看那些插圖。6．specialistn．專(zhuān)家adj.專(zhuān)業(yè)的D典型例句(2022·浙江卷)Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.近十年來(lái)，Merebeth一直是一名自營(yíng)寵物運(yùn)輸專(zhuān)家。(2021·天津卷)Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.即使你是一個(gè)專(zhuān)家，成為一個(gè)多面手也是值得考慮的。Ishouldrefertosomespecialistmagazinestodealwiththeproblem.我應(yīng)該參考一些專(zhuān)業(yè)雜志來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。S思維拓展aspecialistinsth....……方面的一個(gè)專(zhuān)家specializev．專(zhuān)門(mén)研究；專(zhuān)門(mén)從事；專(zhuān)攻Heisaspecialistininternationallaw.他是國(guó)際法專(zhuān)家。Themechanicspecializesinrepairingimportedcars.這位機(jī)械師專(zhuān)門(mén)修理進(jìn)口車(chē)。G構(gòu)詞法J即學(xué)即練用specialize的適當(dāng)形式填空①Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsspecializing(specialize)inhelpingthewearytraveler.②Youneedtohavespecialist(specialize)teacherswhoimpartwhattheyknow.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．giveup放棄；讓出；戒除D典型例句Coastguardshadgivenupallhopeoffindingthetwodiversalive.海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)對(duì)兩位潛水員生還已完全不抱希望。Oneofthemenwithhimgaveuphisplaceonthebench.他的一個(gè)同伴將長(zhǎng)椅上的位子讓了出來(lái)。S思維拓展givein讓步；屈服；投降giveintosb./sth.向某人/某事讓步，屈服于某人/某事giveaway贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)；泄露(機(jī)密等)giveoff發(fā)出，放出(氣味、熱、光等)giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)giveout分發(fā)；公布；耗盡；發(fā)出J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Yououghttogiveupsmokingbecauseitisharmfultoyourhealth.②Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep,hisactionswillgivehimawayduringtheday.③AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.④Thewoodgaveoffasweetsmellasitburned.⑤Whenquarrelsbreakoutbetweenthem,healwaysgivesintohiswife.2．makeupone'smind下定決心D典型例句Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkbeforedark.我們決心在天黑前完成工作。S思維拓展makeupone'smindtodosth.下定決心做某事changeone'smind改變主意keep/bear/have...inmind記住；牢記在心頭speakone'smind直言不諱readone'smind看出某人的心思M名師點(diǎn)津在短語(yǔ)makeupone'smind中，mind的單復(fù)數(shù)要隨其前one's的單復(fù)數(shù)而變化。Ifyouthinkitover,maybeyouwillchangeyourmind.如果你仔細(xì)考慮一下的話，你可能就會(huì)改變主意了。Eventhoughthelittleprincessisonly4yearsold,sometimesshecanreadothers'mind.雖然這個(gè)小公主僅有4歲，但是有時(shí)她能看出別人的心思。J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyhavemadeuptheirmindstotakepart.②Youmustkeepitinmindthattheseexamswillaffectyourfinalresult.③Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowin(win)willneversay“impossible”．3．cutout切去；省略；停止(做某事)D典型例句You'dbetternotcutouttheimportantdetails.你最好不要把重要細(xì)節(jié)刪掉。Thedoctoradvisedmetocutoutsmokinganddrinking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙戒酒。S思維拓展cutoff中斷；切掉；使……與外界隔絕cutin(馬達(dá)或發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))發(fā)動(dòng)；插話；超車(chē)搶道cutdown(onsth.)削減，縮小(尺寸、數(shù)量或數(shù)目)cutup切碎；使悲傷cutthrough開(kāi)辟(出路或通道)I'dfeelverycutoffifIdidn'tknowwhatwashappeningintheworld.如果我不知道世界上正在發(fā)生什么，我會(huì)感到與世隔絕。Hiswifetoldhimtocutdownonhisdrinking.他妻子勸他少喝酒。Hewasprettycutupabouttheirleaving.他們這一走使他傷心極了。J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thetailorcarefullyexaminedtheclothbeforestartingtocutoutthegarment.②Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem,theseoldpeoplefeltcutofffromtheworld.③—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—Ihavebeencuttingupchiliesforthelastfiveminutes.4．takeup拿起；開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)(時(shí)間，地方)D典型例句Shetookupthereceiverandbegantodialthenumber.她拿起聽(tīng)筒開(kāi)始撥電話號(hào)碼。Hedidnotparticularlywanttotakeupacompetitivesport.他并不特別想從事競(jìng)技體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。Theytakeuptoomuchspace.它們占了太多空間。S思維拓展takedown取下；記下；拆卸takeon雇用；呈現(xiàn)；受歡迎takeback收回；使回想起takeoff脫下；起飛；開(kāi)始成功takein包括；欺騙；吞入(體內(nèi))take...as...把……理解為/當(dāng)作takeover接管；接任take...out...帶……出去takeapart拆開(kāi)J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theirflighthasbeendelayedduetothebadweather.Theywouldliketoknowwhentheflightwilltakeoff.②(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.③Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.④Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)圖語(yǔ)法精析一、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)的基本用法動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。Tohesitatemeansfailure.猶豫不決就意味著失敗。Forhimtoadmithismistakesisnoteasy.要他承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤是不容易的。(帶邏輯主語(yǔ))Tobeworkingalldaylongisabore.整天干活使人厭倦。(不定式進(jìn)行式)Tohaveknownyouisaprivilege.認(rèn)識(shí)了你真是榮幸。(不定式完成式)二、it代替不定式作形式主語(yǔ)的情況若不定式太長(zhǎng)，則往往用it代替不定式作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式移至謂語(yǔ)之后，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。常見(jiàn)句型有以下4種：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1((1)It＋be＋形容詞＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.,(2)It＋be＋名詞＋todosth.,(3)Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.,(4)Itmadesb.＋adj.＋todosth.))Itisveryinterestingtoplayinthesnowinwinter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。It'sapitytoknowyoucan'tattendourparty.知道你不能參加我們的派對(duì)，真遺憾。Ittakestenyearstogrowatreeandahundredyearstoeducatepeople.[諺]十年樹(shù)木，百年樹(shù)人。ItmademerelaxedtoknowthatIpassedtheexam.了解到我通過(guò)了考試，我感到很輕松。三、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致原則1．單個(gè)不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.出去吃飯也是一種社交活動(dòng)，可以增進(jìn)我和朋友們的關(guān)系。2．兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，若語(yǔ)意一致或基本一致或不定式作為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toloveandtobelovedissweettous.愛(ài)和被愛(ài)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)都是甜蜜的。3．兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，若語(yǔ)意不一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Toimprovepeople'squalityoflifeandtospeedupsocialconstructionaretwoimportanttasks.提高人們的生活質(zhì)量和加快社會(huì)建設(shè)是兩項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。四、“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))”作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))可與疑問(wèn)詞when,where,how,what,which,who等組合，在句中作主語(yǔ)。Wheretoholdthemeetingisstillunknown.會(huì)議地點(diǎn)還未知。Howtosolvetheproblemhasnotbeendecidedyet.如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題還未決定。五、動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別1．表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用動(dòng)名詞；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用不定式。Swimmingisfuninsummer.夏天游泳是有趣的事。Toswiminthisriverisagreatpleasure.在這條河里游泳是件非?？鞓?lè)的事。注：有時(shí)這種區(qū)別并不很?chē)?yán)格。但要注意：主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)要用同一種形式；平行結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式。Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Fishingishisfavoritehobby,andcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.釣魚(yú)是他的愛(ài)好，收集硬幣也給他帶來(lái)極大的樂(lè)趣。2．下列句子中通常要用動(dòng)名詞：It'snogood/usetalkingtohim.找他談是沒(méi)有用的/好處的。It'suselessdiscussingthematter.討論此事無(wú)益。Thereisnostoppinghim.無(wú)法阻止他。Noparking!禁止停車(chē)！3．下列句子中通常要用不定式：Ittookustwohourstogetthere.去那里我們花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.我們有必要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。4．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)并不是表示某動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的行為；不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)作主語(yǔ)才表示具體的某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。比較：It'snicehavingfriendstochatto.有朋友聊聊天是很愜意的。(經(jīng)常性、一般性或習(xí)慣性的行為)It'snicetobetalkingwithyouhere.在這里跟你交談是非常愉快的。(一次具體的正在進(jìn)行的行為)J即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)ttookyearsofworktoreduce(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.②Walking(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.③Todothisis(be)tocutthefeettofittheshoes.④Itisdifficultforhimtoadmithismistakes.⑤Itwasselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Travelling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.2．Itisnecessaryforoceanstobeprotected(protect)frompollution.3．Itisanhonorformetobeinvited(invite)toattendthemeeting.4．ItissurprisingforTomtofinishsuchadifficulttaskinsuchashorttime.5．It'sveryimportantforthenewcomerstostudysomerules.6．Ithinkitisstupidofthemtoquarrelaboutwhichfootballteamisthebest.7．(2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)So,it'sbeenusefultoknow(know)howtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.8．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷改編)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it'sconsideredveryrudetoeat(eat