高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)用文寫作文章體裁歸納講義

高考英語文章體裁①記敘文（時間記敘）②夾敘夾議文③議論文④說明文1.記敘文（時間記敘）Toddwasworkingathisgasstation（加油站）atnightwhenheheardovertheradiothata1inLongIslandhadbeen2byanarmedmanwhohadkilledthenightguardandgotawaywith$150000．“Onehundredandfiftythousand,”Toddwhistled．Here'safellowwhojust3intoabankandhelpshimself4somuchmoney．Toddthoughtofthe5withwhichhemanagedtogettheamountofmoneyhe6tostarthisgasstation．Somanypapersto7,somuchmoneytopayback．Thenews8twentyminuteslater．Thegunmanhad9acarforaride,andthen10outthedriver．Hewaspossibly11theSouthemStateParkwayinawhiteFord．Licenseplate（車牌）numberLJR1939．The12oftheannouncercontinued：“13outforwhitecars．Don'tpickup14,andallyoufolksingasstationsbetternotdo15toawhiteFordcar．”Toddstoodupand16toseeoutintothecoldnight．ItwasdarkbutTodd17theSouthernStateParkwaywasoutthere．Just18,Toddsawtheheadlightsingathimandacarpulledinfor19．Thereitwas,awhiteFord,hesawthe20,LJR1939．“WhatshouldIdo?”Toddhadtomakeaquick21．“Yes,sir?”Todd22whilemakinguphismindforsure．“23herup,”themansaidsoundinglikeanyother24．Whenthetank（油箱）wasfull,Toddquicklyturnedroundandpointedagunattheman．“Handsup25getout!”難句解析①.Here’safellowwhojustwalksintoabankandhelpshimselftosomuchmoney.有一個家伙，就這樣走進(jìn)一家銀行，擅自拿走這么多錢。簡析：helponeselfto擅自拿走。②.Toddthoughtofthedifficultywithwhichhemanagedtogettheamountofmoneyheneededtostarthisgasstation.托德想起自己的難處，他曾設(shè)法搞一大筆錢，他需要這筆錢來開辦他的加油站。簡析：夾雜兩個定語從句。③.Don’tpickupstrangersandallyourfolksingasstationsbetternotdoservicetoawhiteFordcar.不要搭載陌生人，加油站所有的工作人員最好不要為一輛白色福特牌小汽車服務(wù)。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞folks，加油站的工作人員。④“Fillherup”,themansaidsoundinglikeanyotherdriver.“給車加油”那個男人說，聽起來(這個劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司機(jī)。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞soundlike聽起來像…2.夾敘夾議（人物故事后發(fā)出議論，一般為值得嗎）EllaFantwasamiddleaged6ladywholivedwithheronlysonJohninasmallhouse.She__26__Johnverymuch.Inher__27__hecouldn'tdoanything__28__.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast_29__bedandbringhimthepapers7to__30__.Itisn'treallytruethathewastoo__31__toworkinfacthehadtriedafew__32__.Firstofallhewasawindowcleanerandinhisfirstweekhemanagedto__33__atleastsixwindows.Thenhe__34__abusconductor8andonhissecond__35__apassengerstolehisbagwithallthefares（車費(fèi)）collected.He__36__losthisjobasapostman__37__hesentoffalltheletterswhenheshouldhavetakenthemtopeople'shouses.Itseemedthattherewas__38__suitableworkforhim.Sohe__39__tojointhearmy.wasso__40__aboutthisthatshetoldthe__41__toallherneighbors."MyJohnisgoodtobeasoldier,"shesaid."Heisgoingtobethebestsoldierthere__42__was,Icantellyou!"Thenthegreatdaycame__43__hewastomarchpastthepalaceintheparade（接受檢閱的隊伍）.His__44__mothertravelledtothecityearlyinthemorningtobesureofgettingagood__45__inthecrowd.Theparadewasfullofsoundandcolour.ButwhenJohnandhis__46__cameinsightsomeofthepeoplewatching__47__laughingattheonewhocouldn'tkeeppacewiththeotherastheymarchedalong.ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith__48__,shoutedatthetopofhervoice:"Lookat__49__!They'realloutof__50__exceptmyJohn!Isn'thethebest!"難句解析①Itseemedthattherewasnosuitableworkforhim.看來對他來說沒有合適的工作。簡析：關(guān)鍵詞suitable適合的。②ButwhenJohnandhisfellowsoldiercameinsightsomeofthepeoplewatchingcouldn’thelplaughingattheonewhocouldn’tkeeppacewiththeothersastheymarchalong.但當(dāng)約翰和他的戰(zhàn)友們出現(xiàn)時，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個在行進(jìn)中不能同步的那個人(約翰)。簡析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，關(guān)鍵詞keeppacewith與…步伐一致。③Theynotonlymakeitdifficulttosleepatnight,buttheyaredoingdamagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest.他們不僅使人們在晚上睡覺困難，而且他們損害我們歷史名勝的房子和商店。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)notonly…but(also)…不僅…而且…④Haryalsostudyingbiologysaidtheywantedtomakeasmuchnoiseaspossibletoforcethegovernmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingtostand.也攻讀生物學(xué)的哈利說他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來迫使政府官員們認(rèn)識到大家正不得不忍受的東西。簡析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)as...aspossible盡可能地……議論文（圍繞一個主題而進(jìn)行議論）TheUSInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)recentlyaskedscientists,lawyers,socialscientistsandotherexpertstoconsidersomeoftheseethicaldimension.Togivetwoexamples:onprivacy,asweletmorelisteningdevicesintoourhomes,howdowepreventthedatatheycollectfallingintothewronghandsthroughhacking(黑客)orsimplybeingsoldbetweenpanieswithoutusreceivinganymoney?Anotherexample:mixedreality,includingvirtualreality,willbeepervasiveinthenextfewyears.AswemovefromheadsetstowhattheIEEEmitteedescribesas“moredelicatesensoryenhancements”wewillusetechnologytoliveinanillusoryworldinmanyaspectsofourlives.Howdowebalancetherightsoftheindividual,controloverourvirtualidentity,andtheneedtoliveandinteractonafacetofacebasiswhilebeingempoweredtoliverichlivesinmixedreality?Thereis,ofcourse,alwaysatensionbetweeninnovationandregulation.Butitcanoftenseemthatgiantstepsaretakenintechnologywithminimalpublicdiscussion.Taketheselfdrivingcar:althoughitmaybesaferthanhumandriversandislikelytosavemorethanamillionlivesayearworldwide,itwillalsotakejobsfromdrivers,trafficpolice,signmakers,carrepairpanies,carmakersandmore.Isthisabargainwewanttomake?Intakingthatdecision,havewegiventhoughttoacarthatknowseverywherewego,decidesroutes,perhaps,basedonpaidadvertisementfromshopsalongtheway—andlistensandseeseverythingwedoonboard?Whatwillhappentothatdataandcanitbekeptsafe?Additionally,whilesomeworryabouttheunmon“trolleyproblem”ofwhomthecarshouldchoosetohitinastrangeaccident—anoldladyoramotherandbaby—perhapsthemorefrequentissuewillbehowwefindoutwhatthealgorithm(運(yùn)算程序)wasthinkingatthetimeofanaccident,becauseAIs(ArtificialIntelligence)areselflearninganddevisetheirownstrategies.Similarconcernsareemergingovertheinternetofthings.Robotvacuumcleanersalreadyplotcleaningcyclesusingputeraidedvisionthat,forsomemodels,isrelayedtotheirmanufacturers.Asmorethingsathomebeeconnected,theywillbehackableandthedatatheycollectsaleable.It’stimeforsomemessy,democraticdiscussionsaboutthefutureofAI.說明文（圍繞一個特殊的事物展開說明，語言樸實(shí)）Therearemanyonlinefoodshoppingsites．Thisisverysurprising．ThingslikeCDs,books,andDVDssellwellonline．Butitisquitedifferenttosellfoodonlinebecausepeopleliketoseefoodwiththeirowneyes．Itisveryimportantforpeopletobuyfreshfruitandvegetables．Shoppersliketochoosetheirfoodbyitscolour．Theyalsowanttotouchandsmellit．Butsomepeopleliketogotothesameshoptobuyfood,becausetheythinkthefoodtherehasaverygoodquality．Soifthefoodisalwaysgood,theymayalsofeelfortablebuyingitonline.（主旨）Driedorcanned(罐裝的)foodsarealmostalwaysthesame,butthingslikeapplesarenot．Peoplemaywanttochoosetheirownapplessotheycantaketheonesthatlooknice．Buyingdriedorcannedfoodsonlineiseasier．ApersoncanbuythiskindoffoodontheInternetandthenbuyfruitsandvegetablesatastoreoramarket.Nowpeoplecanalsobuyfoodthroughsupermarketwebsites．Therepeoplecanfindmostofthethingsthatsupermarketsusuallysell．Otherfoodwebsitesselldifferenttypesoffood．SomesellfoodfromonepartoftheworldsuchasAsia．Otherssellfoodthatishardtofindinsupermarkets．Therearealsowebsitesthatsellsweetfoodssuchascakesandcandies.Thefoodisusuallydeliveredbythenextdayorevenonthesameday．Peoplestillneedtobecareful,though．Theymustchecktoseeifthefoodisfreshwhentheygetit．Itisagoodideaforpeopletofindouthowfarawaythefoodisbeingdeliveredfrom．Itisalsoaproblemifthepanydoesnotuserefrigeration(冷藏)whentheydeliverfoodthatshouldbekeptcold．Iftravelinglongdistancestodeliverthegoodsinsummer,thisisimportant.高考英語文體邏輯記敘文→好人好事/項目/職業(yè)介紹（跟說明文邏輯有點(diǎn)像）行文邏輯：起因→經(jīng)過→結(jié)果（評價、啟發(fā)、影響）議論文→標(biāo)注：鮮明的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度（一般全考態(tài)度題）行文邏輯①：提出觀點(diǎn)→論據(jù)→論證（e.g:舉例子、分析數(shù)據(jù)、說明道理....)行文邏輯②：提出觀點(diǎn)→論據(jù)→背景→重申觀點(diǎn)+呼吁說明文分為兩大類：第一為科學(xué)說明文，第二為其他（社會文化、活動項目、節(jié)目書本...)①科學(xué)說明文：行文邏輯①：研究背景（以前的研究或普遍看法）+實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論（首段或者第二段提出）→實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹鷮?shí)驗(yàn)方法（對象、原理）→數(shù)據(jù)分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果→實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論行文邏輯②：研究背景（以前的研究或普遍看法）+實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論（首段或者第二段提出）→實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹鷮?shí)驗(yàn)方法（對象、原理）→數(shù)據(jù)分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果→總結(jié)局限性、應(yīng)用、優(yōu)勢、展望②其他社會文化說明文行文邏輯：背景+簡介→現(xiàn)象（現(xiàn)狀、問題）→原因→評價、措施→展望書本推薦行文邏輯：背景+簡介→作者經(jīng)歷、觀點(diǎn)、情感→內(nèi)容（概述、描繪）→相關(guān)信息（獲獎、受歡迎程度）→評價、觀點(diǎn)（推薦理由）高考英語文章閱讀步驟快速瀏覽文章，明確文章體裁提取關(guān)鍵詞長難句作出標(biāo)記（句子主干），預(yù)判題目（先題后文）看題目，每個選項與原文仔細(xì)對比（一般情況下，四個選項內(nèi)有兩個觀點(diǎn)相反的選項，正確答案就在這兩個之中）原文+技巧=選擇正確選項高考英語文章各體裁解題策略記敘文（注意關(guān)鍵詞為形容詞、名詞、動詞）（1）首段法：首段主旨句；轉(zhuǎn)折詞后；破折號后（2）核心名詞法：核心名詞在文章中高頻出現(xiàn)?？墒恰霸~”或“同義詞”不斷曝光。（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息（4）首位呼應(yīng)法：整合首段和尾端信息2.議論文（注意文章行文邏輯whatwhyhow）①英語議論文常用的論證方式和舉例英語議論文常用的論證方式：歸納法，即通過分析個別事物，尋找共同點(diǎn)，再得出結(jié)論;并列法，即幾個論據(jù)之間是平等的關(guān)系;遞進(jìn)法，即幾個論據(jù)之間是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系;對照法，即把兩種事物加以對比，分析、說明，得出結(jié)論;駁論法，即闡述別人的錯誤觀點(diǎn)，逐條批駁，闡明觀點(diǎn)。以2020年高考英語天津卷（第二次）閱讀理解D篇的第1段為例。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。下面分析中S代表句子。S1代表句子1，S2代表句子2，以此類推。第一部分引入主題。S1：通過背景介紹引入主題;S2：進(jìn)一步闡明主題;S3：承上啟下過渡句，表明作者的基本態(tài)度或提示下文議論的重心。具體如下：Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance：curiosityanddiscontent.（主題句）Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.（S1進(jìn)一步闡述主題句）AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.（S2進(jìn)一步闡述主題句）Thetwobelongtogether.（S3過渡句）隨著閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累，我們還可以總結(jié)出良好的閱讀議論文的經(jīng)驗(yàn)：要想把握文章主旨，一定要理清閱讀的思路和作者展開論據(jù)所用的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。2.立足英語議論文文本，追問what—why—how的閱讀策略不管文本使用的是何種論證方式，我們在閱讀議論文時非常有效的閱讀策略就是追問what—why—how的問題（1）Whatisthetopicoftheargumentativeessayandwhatistheauthorsopinion？（2）Whatisthecounterclaimagainsttheauthorsopinionmentionedintheessay，ifany？（3）Whydoestheauthorthinkhisopinionisright？（4）Howdoestheauthorsupporthisopinion？（5）Whatfacts/statistics/examples/resultsofrelativestudies/citationsarepresentedinsupportofhisopinionandtocounterthecounterclaimmeanwhile？下面以2018年高考英語全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇為例。Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew（提及可能的大眾看法），butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.（提出話題：keepusingolddevices）Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.（亮出作者觀點(diǎn)Usingolddevicesisbadfortheenvironmentandnotenergysaving.）（分析作者觀點(diǎn)背后的原因）Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing，...AndMP3players，smartphones，andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002，beforetabletsandereadersshowedupin2007.（用擺事實(shí)的方式，按照時間順序列舉宏觀的例子支撐觀點(diǎn)）Asweaccumulatedmoredevices，...morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.（進(jìn)一步分析原因，按照空間和時間順序列舉.微觀的例子支撐觀點(diǎn)）Sowhatsthesolution（解決方案）？Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007，buttheresearchersalsoexplored...couldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.（通過引用科學(xué)研究結(jié)果說服大家使用新的電子設(shè)備，得出結(jié)論）3.說明文（注意其行文邏輯以及主題）①增加外刊積累、避免思維定式【典型案例】2019年TheEconomist（《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》）有一篇關(guān)于學(xué)生參加夏令營的文章，標(biāo)題是Mutuallyassureddistraction。如果不了解相關(guān)的文化背景知識，直接翻譯為“相互保證消遣”，就無法體會作者選用該標(biāo)題的精妙之處，無法體會作者選用該標(biāo)題所體現(xiàn)出的夏令營如火如荼開展的背后的競爭氛圍，也無法準(zhǔn)確感受結(jié)尾處和該標(biāo)題的呼應(yīng)。如果我們多閱讀外媒文章、重視對西方文化背景知識的積累，就會了解到文章標(biāo)題Mutuallyassureddistraction來自軍事術(shù)語mutuallyassureddestruction，簡稱M.A.D，中文譯名為：相互保證毀滅。這是一種軍事戰(zhàn)略思想，具體指當(dāng)兩個國家武力相當(dāng)，都能夠毀滅對方時，反而會相互牽制，維持一種緊張但穩(wěn)定的和平局面。此戰(zhàn)略主要應(yīng)用于美蘇冷戰(zhàn)時期，并且被當(dāng)成避免兩大陣營全面直接沖突的助力，但這種軍事戰(zhàn)略也直接導(dǎo)致了軍備競賽，因?yàn)殡p方都要爭取保持平手，才能不被毀滅。正如文章中提到的，學(xué)生們爭相參加夏令營，試圖獲得競爭優(yōu)勢，但最終誰也無法真正超過同齡人，宛如一場軍備競賽。同時，這和結(jié)尾處“Butaswealthierparentssplashoutonevermorespecializedprogrammes，itisgettingharderforthelesswelltodotokeepupinthesummercamparmsrace.”中的armsrace構(gòu)成了首尾呼應(yīng)，非常精彩?！驹囶}鏈接1】Listencarefullytothefootstepsinthefamilyhome，especiallyifithaswoodenfloors，andyoucanprobablyworkoutwhoitisthatiswalkingabout.Thefeaturesmostmonlyusedtoidentifypeoplearefaces，voices，fingerprintsandretinalscans.Buttheir“behaviouralbiometrics”，suchasthewaytheywalk，arealsogiveaways.64.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage？A.ListentoyourfootstepsB.ApplaudpatternrecognitionC.LovethewayyouwalkD.Betterthematsyoustepon在該題的選擇過程中，很多考生都不敢選擇C項。因?yàn)樵谒麄兊男哪恐校f明文的標(biāo)題就是刻板、直接、枯燥的，這與選項中的love風(fēng)格極為不符。仔細(xì)閱讀這一段，其實(shí)很容易感受到作者選用該標(biāo)題的含義?！癓istencarefullytothefootstepsinthefamilyhome，especiallyifithaswoodenfloors，andyoucanprobablyworkoutwhoitisthatiswalkingabout.”此句表示通過分辨腳步聲，你就可以辨別出走路的人是誰。這個人一定是自己的家人，或者是非常熟悉的朋友。因此，在聽到腳步聲的時候應(yīng)當(dāng)是充滿著親切和期待，甚至是開心和激動的。當(dāng)一個人在家的時候，當(dāng)一個人孤獨(dú)的時候，當(dāng)一個人不開心、需要安慰的時候，最喜歡的就是這種熟悉的腳步聲。文章介紹的通過識別人的走路方式來識別身份的墊子，也跟腳步聲有一樣的功效，墊子“喜愛”通過識別人的走路方式發(fā)揮作用，墊子主人也“喜愛”熟悉的、親近的人的到來?！驹囶}鏈接2】InEnglishtheskyisblue，andthegrassisgreen.ButinVietnamesethereisjustonecolorcategoryforbothskyandgrass：xanh.Fordecadescognitive（認(rèn)知）scientistshavepointedtosuchexamplesasevidencethatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor.Butnewresearchwithfourtosixmontholdbabiesindicatesthatlongbeforewelearnlanguage，weseeuptofivebasiccategoriesofcolor—afindingthatsuggestsastrongerbiologicalelementtoperceive（感知）colorthanpreviouslythought.Thestudy，publishedrecentlyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA，testedthecolordiscriminationabilitiesofmorethan170Britishbabies.60.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.RainbowintheBabysWorldB.AJourneytotheWorldofColorsC.ANewChallenge：Languagevs.CultureD.DifferentBabies，DifferentColorPerception本題答案為A。該題同樣也向大家傳遞出了一個信號，說明文的標(biāo)題同樣可以是文藝范的，可以是優(yōu)美的，可以是充滿文學(xué)氣息的?！军c(diǎn)石成金】平時增加國外報紙、雜志等文本的閱讀，熟知其寫作特點(diǎn)和套路。同時，關(guān)注相關(guān)的文化背景知識，體會和感受說明文中獨(dú)特的語言美。②關(guān)注句間銜接，緊扣段落中心英語文章中有大量的詞匯是作者用來聯(lián)系句子的，從而使整篇文章前后貫通、語義明確。標(biāo)志詞（signalwords）就是表明句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，具有詞義、語法結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志作用的詞或詞組。句子間的邏輯關(guān)系和銜接手段不外乎列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、對照、補(bǔ)充、目的、條件等。如表示列舉的詞：forexample，forinstance;表羅列的詞：first，second，third，tobeginwith，toconclude;表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：however，but，whereas;表示原因的詞：because，since，as;表示結(jié)果的詞：so，therefore，thus，consequently，asaresult;表示對照的詞：onthecontrary，bycontrast，inparison;表示目的的詞：sothat，inorderthat等。標(biāo)志詞就像指路牌一樣，指明作者思路發(fā)展的方向和思路之間的邏輯聯(lián)系。標(biāo)志詞前后的信息往往都是命題和答題的主要線索或依據(jù)，因此，識別標(biāo)志詞對考生更快、更好地理解文章具有舉足輕重的作用。【典型案例】例如，在上文提到的summercamp的外刊中，有這樣的段落“InaclassroomatImperialCollegeLondon，studentssithunchedoverlaptops，typinglinesofcode.Justnineyearsold，theyareattendingFiretech，aBritishtechnologysummercampforchildren.CoursesincludeJuniorAugmentedRealityandCreatingforYouTube.Suchprogrammesareproliferatinginmanycountries.Theypandertotwomondemandsfromwelloffparents：toentertainchildrenoverthelongsummerholidaysandtogivethemalegupovertheirpeers.”。該部分為文章首段，通過介紹個例引入話題：特寫學(xué)生在教室敲代碼的場景，引出Firetech夏令營，舉例說明Firetech夏令營的具體項目。后面的Such非常關(guān)鍵，起到承上啟下的作用，由個例轉(zhuǎn)向普遍趨勢，指出父母送孩子進(jìn)入夏令營的兩個目的：娛樂（讓孩子得到快樂）與教育（讓孩子更具競爭力）。這為后文詳細(xì)闡述做鋪墊，其中代詞they實(shí)現(xiàn)句間銜接。通過對這些連接詞的準(zhǔn)確識別和理解，我們可以明確作者的寫作意圖，把握段落的中心（引出夏令營的兩個目的，即toentertainchildrenoverthelongsummerholidaysandtogivethemalegupovertheirpeers）?！驹囶}鏈接3】Anewmoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable，fastgrowingindustry，urgingantitrust（反壟斷的）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago，theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants（巨頭）thatdealindata，theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle，Amazon，F(xiàn)acebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiantssuccesshasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices，manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay，ineffect，byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnewborngiantssuggeststhatnewerscanmakewaves，too.61.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants？A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D.Theydismissedsomenewborngiants.該題的信息源定位到第2段的第一句話“Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.”，顯然，問題的根本原因就是該句的第一個詞Such所代指的內(nèi)容。Such既起到承上啟下的作用，又是對第1段主要信息的概括。因此，需要把握住第1段的中心句，即Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiantsthatdealindata。同時，要想對該句有精準(zhǔn)的把握，還需要對該句中的similarconcerns所指的內(nèi)容有準(zhǔn)確的把握，這又體現(xiàn)了句子之間連接的重要性，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，聯(lián)系緊密。通過對前幾句的理解，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)similarconcerns指的是反壟斷，因此，就是因?yàn)閴艛嗖乓缶揞^解體，答案為A?！驹囶}鏈接4】Butthereiscauseforconcern.TheInternethasmadedataabundant，allpresentandfarmorevaluable，changingthenatureofdataandpetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices：translationandvisualrecognition，tobesoldtootherpanies.Internetpaniescontrolofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“Godseyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.62.Whatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinparagraph3indicate？A.Datagiantstechnologyisveryexpensive.B.Googlesideaispopularamongdatafirms.C.Datacanstrengthengiantscontrollingposition.D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.該題解決的關(guān)鍵仍然是要理清句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。“TheInternethasmadedataabundant，allpresentandfarmorevaluable，changingthenatureofdataandpetition.”為中心句，即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了數(shù)據(jù)和競爭的性質(zhì)。其后，Googleinitiallyused...雖然沒有forexample作為標(biāo)志詞，但是，我們可以判斷出此處作者正在用具體的事例對中心句做具體的舉例論證說明。該句和后面的“Internetpaniescontrolofdatagivesthemenormouspower.”分為兩個方面就互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了數(shù)據(jù)和競爭的性質(zhì)（變成可以出售的服務(wù)和讓企業(yè)擁有“上帝視角”）進(jìn)行了具體說明。把握住它們之間的關(guān)系，該題很容易看出，只有C項才是符合中心句的觀點(diǎn)的（加強(qiáng)了企業(yè)的控制地位，即擁有“上帝視角”）?！军c(diǎn)石成金】在閱讀的過程中，理清句子之間的關(guān)系，可以更加清晰段落中心，有助于精準(zhǔn)把握作者的寫作目的和意圖，輕松選出正確答案。③把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清作者思路說明文主題鮮明、脈絡(luò)清晰，行文結(jié)構(gòu)模式較為固定。弄清文本結(jié)構(gòu)有助于把握文章主旨和閱讀重點(diǎn)。作者在謀篇布局上常使用以下說明方法：描述法（description）（包括舉例子、下定義、列數(shù)據(jù)等）、因果法（causeandeffect）、問題與對策法（problemandsolution）。實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究型文章一般會以實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程、進(jìn)展為線索，多用描述法、問題與對策法等方法，通過列數(shù)據(jù)、做對比等來說明新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)及其產(chǎn)生的影響。介紹說