高考英語閱讀理解講義

閱讀理解考試大綱解讀能讀懂書、報、雜志中難度中等的一般性話題的簡短文段以及信函、技術說明書、合同等簡短的實用文字材料。對所讀材料能夠（1）理解主旨要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；（4）做出判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結構；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度；（7）快速查找相關信息。考試題型解讀一、細節(jié)理解題（1）常見提問方式：Accordingtothepassage,where/when/why/how/who/what/which...？Wecanseethatchildrenunder17intheUK...ThestudyatZhejiangUniversityfoundthat...Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?Accordingtoparagraphone,whichstatementisnottrue?分類：直接細節(jié)題：①5w+1h、是非題②原因結果類Theauthorarguesthat...because_______.Why...?標志詞：because(of),why,because,thanksto,contributeto,leadto,cause,resultin,accountfor,sothat,so...③數(shù)字計算提問：when,inwhichyear,howmuch/many間接細節(jié)題：同義替換：近義詞復現(xiàn)正話反說同源詞替換簡化復雜表達詞匯猜測題提問方式：Theword“...”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“...”inParagraph1mean?Thesentence“...”（Para.3）canbereplacedby“”Theunderlinedword“...”mostprobablymeans______.Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto______.分類：定義法標志詞：mean,referto,beconsideredas/tobe,represent近義復述法方法：根據(jù)上下文復述中獲取某一單詞、短語或句子相關信息對比轉折法標志詞：whether...or...,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,though,insteadof,ratherthan,onthecontrary,otherwise舉例法：標志詞：forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,thatistosay,namely,e.g.并列猜詞：標志詞：and，or，aswellas,togetherwith指代對應：常見：it,that,he,itself,these,those,they,them推理判斷題提問方式：Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat______.Whatdoestheimagethattheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?Thestatementsuggeststhat______.Itcanbeinferred/concludedthat...Wecanlearn/knowfromthepassagethat...Whatmightbediscussedfollowingthepassage?方式：忠于原文，只推一步干擾項特征：①原文重述②出現(xiàn)絕對詞：only,never,all,absolutely相對保守詞：often,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably③常識判斷正確觀點態(tài)度題提問方式：Whatisthetone/moodofthepassage?Theauthor’sattitudetowards...mightbesummarizedas/seemstobe______.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards...?Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?分類：主觀或客觀、肯定或否定、積極或消極常見詞匯：贊成：supportive贊成的favorable喜歡的positive積極的optimistic樂觀的hopeful有希望的appreciative欣賞的confident自信的sympathetic同情的respective尊重的cooperative合作的中性：（必錯詞匯）ambiguous模棱兩可的uncertain不確定的cautious小心的indifferent莫不關心的，冷漠的uncaring不在乎的objective客觀的neutral中立的反對：doubtful懷疑的disapproving不贊同的skeptical懷疑的critical批判的negative消極的（必錯詞匯）puzzled困惑的subjective主觀的biased有偏見的主旨大意題提問方式：Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassageis.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？Thebesttitleofthepassagewouldbe.如何尋找主題句?？既N結構：總——分：主題句在段首分——總：主題句在段尾分——總——分：主題句在中間高頻詞：圍繞某個主題展開的反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞反復強調的是重點，重點是考點技巧：段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，轉折詞后的句子很可能是主題句。首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關鍵詞。表示總結或結論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞語。段落發(fā)展題（1）提問方式：Thesecondparagraph/Paragraph2isdevelopedby...Thesecondparagraph/Paragraph2isdeveloped...（2）解題方法：觀察定位段是否出現(xiàn)了提示詞。舉例。常見提示語有forexample,forinstance等提供數(shù)據(jù)或研究結果。常見提示語有accordingto...,statistics,research,study等按照時間順序。除了明確地表示時間的單詞和短語外，常見提示語還有l(wèi)ater,then,afterwards,atthattime等按照空間順序。常見提示語有inthedistance,fromthetop,ontheleft/right等按照邏輯順序。常見提示語有because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等對比。常見提示語有l(wèi)ike,unlike,but,however,inparison,bycontrast,...while...等閱讀理解課后練習練習1：GreeceIfyouareofferedacakeonNewYear’sDayinGreece,youmayneedtoughteeth,becauseyoumaygetthepiecewithacoin.AsJanuary1stisalsoSaintBasil’sDayinGreece,youwillhaveafullluckyyear.WhatmightGreeksfindinSt.Basil’sCakeonNewYear’sDay?A.AgrapeB.AringC.AcoinD.Atooth練習2：SpainPeopleinSpainhaveauniquewaytocelebrateNewYear'sDay.Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightonNewYear'sEve,intheingyear.Ifyouareabletogetallofthemintoyourmouth,allofyourwisheswilletrue!EatinggrapesonNewYear'sEveisacustomin______.練習3：Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.Inthetraditionalmarriage,thewomanseldomworkedawayfromthehouse.Shestayedathometocareforthechildrenandherhusband.Shecookedmeals,cleanedthehouse,washedtheclothes,anddidotherhousework.Herjobathomewasveryimportant.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?A.MenworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamilyB.ThewomanmademostofthedecisionsC.ThewomanstayedathometocareforthechildrenD.Themanpaidthebills練習4：Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.(Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarefortableforthem.Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______marryortostaysingleB.workorstayathomeC.leavetheirjobjustbecausetheyhavechildrenD.havetheirrolesthatarefortableforthem練習5：Wideheeledshoesfeelfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels(細高跟),butjustashadforyourknees.”...Weknowthatwomenchoosewideheelsbecause_____.A.theywanttowalkfortablyB.wideheeledshoesarecheaperthanstilettoheelsC.wideheelsdolessharmtokneesD.wideheelsarenotpainfulatall練習6：TherobotBuddycanprotectthehomeandcallaperson’sphoneifthereisafire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerassoyouknowthatsomeoneisslidingintoyourhome.Duetoitsconvenienceandsafety,Buddywillbeusedinmanyhousesinthefuture.Whatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?A.Buddygointodifferentfamilies.B.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.C.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.D.Buddyhasanadvantageoversmartproducts.練習7：Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostmonsymptoms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.練習8：ScientistshavedevelopedDNAtestingtohelptokeeptrackofanimalsthatarehardtospot,includingendangeredanimals.WhatcouldthenewmethodhelpscientistsaccordingtoParagraph1？

A.Torecordanimaltypes.B.Toidentifyrareanimalspecies.C.Tocountanimalnumbers.D.Totracethehardtospotanimals.練習9：Almosteverysocietynowhasamoneyeconomybasedoncoinsandbillsofonekindoranother.However,thishasnotalwaysbeentrue.Inprimitivesocietiesasystemofbarterwasused.Barterwasasystemofdirectexchangeofgoods.Barterheremeans________.A．exchanginggoodsformoneyB．exchangingasheepforanythinginthemarketC．exchanginggoodsforgoodsD．exchangingmoneyforgoods練習10：Youmaynothaveheardthewords"freshmanfifteen"before,buttheyareveryimportantforstudentswhoareenteringuniversity.Afreshmanisafirstyearcollegestudent."Fifteen"referstofifteenpounds—thefifteenpoundsaddedtoastudent'sweightinhisorherfirstyear.The"freshmanfifteen"is______.A.weightthathighschoolstudentsgainB.weightthatfirstyearuniversitystudentsmaygainC.fifteenpoundsoffoodthatfirstyearstudentseatD.fifteenstudentswhoeatunhealthyfood練習11：Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.“Florist”heremeans________.A.apersonsellingflowersB.apersonkeepingtheshopC.apersonbuyingflowersD.apersontalkingaboutflowers練習12：Manypeoplemaythinkachild’sbirthdaypartyishassle;however,itcanbeaveryinterestingevent,accordingtoBethAnacleria,amotheroftwochildren,aged4yearsoldand18monthsoldrespectively.“Havingapartyathimeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparentsandoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAaclerio.Theunderlinedword“hassle”mostlikelymeans“”A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests練習13：Drivingacarorusingelectricityisnotwrong.Wejusthavetobesmartaboutit.Somepeopleuselessenergybycarpooling.Forexample,fourpeoplecanridetogetherinonecarinsteadofdrivingfourcarstowork.Wheneverweuseelectricity,weputgreenhousegasesintotheair.Byturningofflights,thetelevisionandtheputerwhentheyaren’tneeded,youcanhelpalot.Theunderlinedword“carpooling”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans.A.sharingacarB.pullingacarC.sellingacarD.improvingacar練習14：AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinonesuchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolferstoothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theword“squash“isclosestinmeaningto“”A.tostopsomeonefromcontinuingB.topushsomeoneintoaspaceC.topresssomethingsothatitbeessoftD.agamefortwoplayerstoplayinacourtsurroundedbyfourwalls練習15：Sheila,aged59,says,"Ijoinedtoseewhatmygrandchildrenaredoing,asmydaughterpostsvideosandphotosofthem.It'samuchbetterwaytoseewhatthey'redoingthanwaitingforlettersandphotosinthepost.That'showwediditwhenIwasachild,butIthinkI'mluckyIgettoseesomuchmoreoftheirlivesthanmygrandparentsdid."Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”referto?A.Beingluckytovisitgrandparents.B.Postingvideosandphotos.C.Waitingforlettersandphotosinthepast.D.Hearingfromtheirgrandparents.練習16：ButCatherineWinter,managingdirectoroffinancialcapabilityatTheLondonInstituteofBankingandFinance,warnsthatwhiledigitaltoolscanhelp,thereneedstobeamorestructuredapproachtofinancialeducation.Theareashould'haveregularclassroomtimeandshouldbetaughtasaseparatesubject,”shesays.WhatdoesCatherineWintersuggestregardingfinancialeducation?A.Itshouldbewellorganized.B.Itshouldbedoneincyberspace.C.Itshouldbeprovidedbyparents.D.Itshouldbeaselftaughtsubject.練習17：Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark……Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults…Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark…Thegovernmentspent…Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone....TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.練習18：Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes…It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour…However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,DrNorbergsays…Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.練習19：Imaginewalkingthroughsomeone'sapartment.Theroomsarealmostempty,andtheonlypieceoffurnitureisasimpletableandfoldedsofa.Therearenodecorativeobjectslyingaround—justtheessentials.Youopentheclosettofindyoucancountthenumberofclothingitemsinsideononehand.Thespaceseemsmorelikeaprisoncellthanahomeandyoumaythinktheresidentcannotaffordtobuymorethingstofilltheapartmentwith.Itturnsoutthattheapartment'sownerisaminimalistwhochoosestolimithisnumberofbelongings.Minimalismgoesagainstconsumersocietybydramaticallyreducingpossessions.Minimalistsfollowthisphilosophytovaryingdegrees,buttheygenerallyclaimthatcuttingbackonexcessstuffleadstoamorefulfillinglife.Theparagraphmainlydiscussesthat.A.minimalistslovedecorativeobjectsB.minimalistscannotaffordthe