2023年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件句子成分和五大基本句型

英語句子成分和五大基本句型2023年11月11日1.今天有好多事情要做。Haveatry1.今天有好多事情要做。Todayhasalotofthingstodo.

Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.

英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義

“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是法治的，中國語言是人治的?！?-王力思考：英語句子是詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分。包括：主語/謂語/表語/賓語/賓語補(bǔ)足語/定語/狀語主語謂語賓語狀語定語補(bǔ)語表語句子的成分學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.了解英語主要句子成分和五大基本句型。2.分析句子成分并能辨別五大基本句型，會簡單的英漢互譯。表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主語

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.

-名詞-代詞-數(shù)詞-動名詞-不定式-主語從句主語在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.說明主語“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語通常是動詞。主謂要一致謂語

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.謂語在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.表示動作,行為的對象說明主語“做什么”賓語

CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞后賓語Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.雙賓語人是間接賓語，物是直接賓語

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.A

B

C

D賓語在哪里說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動詞之后表語Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.找出表語Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修飾名詞或代詞定語She’sagood

basketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定語Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

overthere

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D區(qū)分表語和定語Sheisoutgoing.Sheisanoutgoinggirl.

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說明時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、頻率、伴隨、目的等。狀語ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.找出狀語He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況

賓語補(bǔ)足語WecalledhimBob.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

I

saw

Mr.Wang

gettingonthebus.A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出賓補(bǔ)Summary句子成分2謂語“做什么”或“怎么樣”，描述主語的動作或狀態(tài)3賓語動作行為的對象，一般位于動詞或介詞后面主語“什么人”或“什么事”說明謂語所表示的狀態(tài)或動作的執(zhí)行者1表語“是什么”,”怎么樣”，和前面的系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語45定語用來修飾名詞或代詞6狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或句子。表示時間地點(diǎn)方式原因目的結(jié)果等。7賓補(bǔ)用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況練習(xí)分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)Everybody

laughed

looks

fine.

lent

me

hercar.

make

him

theirmonitor

stayed

inahotel.

IrecognizedhimjustashegotoffthebusHesaidthatlearningaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.ThemanwhomwevisitedlastSundayisafamouswriter.4.Insummer,myparentsoftenaskmyyoungerbrother,Jack,nottoswim.5.Theboyinterestedinpopmusicwassittingtherejustnow.五大基本句型1.主+謂Classbegins.2.主+系+表Thisisabook.3.主+謂+賓IlikeEnglish.4.主+謂+間賓+直賓Hegavemeapicture.5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Wekeeptheclassroomclean.1.鳥會飛。Birdscanfly.2.他昨晚讀了一本有趣的書。Hereadaninterestingbooklastnight.3.那聽起來有趣。Thatsoundsinteresting/fun.4.我給我父母買了一些特別的東西。Iboughtmyparentssomethingspecial.5.她總讓我開心。Shealwaysmakesmehappy.translate指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbushappily.主語定語2.Iboughtanicepresentformysister.

賓語3.HisjobistoteachthestudentsChinese.

表語

4.IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.

條件狀語5.Theboyhasfinishedhishomework.

謂語判斷下列句子類型Thingschanged.

2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.

5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主謂S+V主系表S+V+P主謂賓S+V+O主謂賓S+V+IO+DO主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+OC1.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plant