2022高考全國乙卷英語試題解析

2022年全國乙卷高考英語試題解析

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,

itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.

TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburnsEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtistsTraininginthe

RaeburnsPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,upto

andincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburnsEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.

Thurs.13Nov.

2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12.D.￡16.

3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

【答案】LB2.B3.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利?雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行

的展覽的相關(guān)情況。

【1題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn^EnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.（10

月30日星期四）”可知,在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn'sEnglishContemporarieso

故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分,￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultare

admiltedfree.（4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場。）”可知，一對夫婦應(yīng)付

4+4=8英鎊，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后——段uAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswith

teachers.（所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)

體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費(fèi)。）”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，

可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruff

andRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachina

one-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Sofor

themtomovetoElkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring

wasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducation

ofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothy

Woodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,they

realizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,

andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamond

andDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichof

courseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingof

therailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.The

bookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthe

peoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,

lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

6.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiary

entry.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對其進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。

【4題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,

N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRocky

Mountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女

孩----DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood-----來到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間

只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。）”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。

故選A項(xiàng)。

【5題解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,had

littleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他

們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ィ锷患乙黄鸢徇M(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上

醒來時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。）"以及"Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春

天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選

D項(xiàng)。

【6題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段uAhair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,

whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段

與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作

品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【7題解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturnto

Auburn.（這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisavery

goodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautiful

writing/Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美

麗的作品。）”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對其進(jìn)行了評價(jià)，所以文

本是一篇書評。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthe

sametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureof

applyingtoday's"eyesinthesky95technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail

tracksandinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchas

thecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,

themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecut

andoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearon

maintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfor

railways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.To

performthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingon

anewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,and

programmedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravelling

aheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathigh

altitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones7reliableperformancein

remoteareas.

9.Whatdoes“maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

AToprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

DHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼'’的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠

的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

【8題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tension

electricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervital

aspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.（無

人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置）”可知使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人

機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。

【9題解析】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20

billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspect

andrepairtherailinfrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200

億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）”可知花在

maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)

設(shè)施"，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsicmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionof

railwaypersonnelsafetyv是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C

項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair（檢修）含義相近。故選C。

【10題解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段aEngineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildrones

ofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorun

autonomously（工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個(gè)新概念:未來的鐵路無人機(jī)。它們將在列車前方的

軌道上運(yùn)行，并被設(shè)定為自動運(yùn)行）”可知鐵路無人機(jī)有望讓火車自動運(yùn)行。故選B。

[11題解析】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones（無人機(jī)）guaranteethe

safetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuros

eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky“technologytomaking

surethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafe

fortrainsona24/7basis.（一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每

年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公

里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。）”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機(jī)檢查電力

線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好

地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更

高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項(xiàng)“無人機(jī)將如何

改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷耄m合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

D

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirst

predicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gof

sugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（月巴胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.

SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugary

drinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandare

refusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts9sugar

content.

14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.Classic

Coke.

15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及

青少年的健康問題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

【12題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhood

obesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫

助減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項(xiàng)。

【13題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehad

theirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低

了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）“可知，一些飲料公司通過降低

了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項(xiàng)。

【14題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,have

acceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,

milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompanies

manufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接

受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精

飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。）“可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可

口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)。

【15題解析】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,show

thepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesand

healthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，

它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功

的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保

持）long-distancefriendships.

?Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）and

sharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

16.

,Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantsto

becontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.17.Therearealternativestoconstant

writtencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

,Practiseempathy（共情）

18.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemands

placedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothe

factthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

?19

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Although

technologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecial

days.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends,birthdaysandotherimportantdateswill

makesurenothingslipsbyyou.

?Don'trelyontechnologyalone

20.butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconscious

efforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-face

timetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。

【16題解析】

上文aWithbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.n（平日繁忙，很難抽

出時(shí)間打電話。）講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對方打電話，D項(xiàng)“盡量找個(gè)雙方都

有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去”給出了解決沒時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問題的方法，符合題意。

故選D項(xiàng)。

【17題解析】

上文aMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyou

wantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通

過，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。）提到異地朋友之

間要商量溝通方式，B項(xiàng)“可以通過寫信補(bǔ)償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫信，下文

**Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesor

havingagroupchat/（（除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語音或者組建群聊。）

補(bǔ)充了發(fā)語音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)的

**writingletters”。故選B項(xiàng)。

【18題解析】

下文"Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下來的朋友）和<lTheoneinthenewenvironment

（在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)）提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也

可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriend

wholeftw和utheonewhowasleftbehind"分別對應(yīng)下文"Theoneinthenewenvironment”

和"Thefriendwhoisremaining”,所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。

【19題解析】

分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文

“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships."（周年名己念

日和生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對

于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得

重要的日子”，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。

【20題解析】

設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句"butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones—mayrequiremore

consciousefforttosustain.n（但是異地友誼甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼可能需要更加自

覺地去維系。）講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設(shè)空處形

成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項(xiàng)”朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過社交媒體

這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句"requiremoreconsciouseffortiosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)

折，而且其中的"socialmedia”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題Don'trelyontechnologyalonev（不

要僅僅依賴技術(shù)）中的“technology”。故選F項(xiàng)。

語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入

空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there's

somethinghighlyexcitingabout21someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe

seen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably22athiding.They

oftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies23.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas24asevidencethatchildrenare

hopelessly"egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour25researchresultsinchild

developmentalpsychology26thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

27satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor28.Wethenaskedthechild

ifshecould29orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame

30happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:31childrensaidthatthey

couldn't32toher.

Anumberof33ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.

Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects34thequestionsandknew35whatwas

askedofthem.Their36tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue37that“Icanseeyou

onlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply38mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our

39suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultof

egocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod40whenothersuseit.

21.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.

directing

22.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

23.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.

imbalanced

24.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.

interpreted

25.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

26.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

27.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

28.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

29.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

30.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

31.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

32.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

33.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.

assumptions

34.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

35.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

36.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.

sensitivity

37.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

38.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

39.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

40.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A

30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.239.

D40.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時(shí)，只遮住自己的眼睛并不

是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。

[21題解析】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對他們來說，避開別人的目光，讓自己無法被別人看到，這是一

件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following跟隨；B.taking取走；C.escaping避開;D.directing

指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“YoungchildrenacrossIheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，

兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項(xiàng)。

[22題解析】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever聰明

的；B.bad不擅長的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheir

eyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodiesw可知,兒童不擅長隱藏,bebadatsth.表

示“不擅長某事”。故選B項(xiàng)。

【23題解析】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A.exposed

無遮蔽的；B.examined已檢查過的；C.untouched未受影響的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)

上文**Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtheresloftheirbodies”可知,

兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項(xiàng)。

【24題解析】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：長期以來，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“自

我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported支持：B.guaranteed保證；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted

解釋。根據(jù)下文"asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly"egocentric"creatures."可知，此處

表示這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)。

[25題解析】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)

相矛盾。A.disappointing令人失望的;B.mixed混合的；C.surprising令人驚訝的；D.desired

渴望的。根據(jù)下文aresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.w可知，

研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【26題解析】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相

矛盾。A.explained解釋；B.confirmed證實(shí)；C.contradicted相矛盾;D.tested測試。根據(jù)下

文“Ourl9suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultof

egocenlrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.“可知，研究結(jié)果與

之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C項(xiàng)。

[27題解析】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳

朵。A.parent父母親；B.child兒童;C.researcher研究員；D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“Webrought

youngchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC."可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此

處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)。

[28題解析】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳

朵。A.feet腳；B.nose鼻子;C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。根據(jù)下文"orheartheadult”可知，

實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故

選D項(xiàng)。

[29題解析】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A.see看見；

B.help幫助；C.reach至1]達(dá)：D.fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文"anadultwhocoveredherowneyes"可

知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。故