專題11.語法選擇解題技巧中考英語題型過關(guān)（原卷版）

語法選擇解題技巧考點分布“語法選擇”的主要考點分布:冠詞、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、代詞、連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞、同根詞、定語從句、狀語從句和賓語從句等。一、語法選擇常考語法點1.考冠詞：a/an：第一次提到；泛指；單詞讀音第一個音為元音時（an）,輔音時（a）；固搭；the：第二次提到；特指；固定搭配；playthe+西洋樂器，the+序數(shù)詞；/（不填）：固定搭配；play+球類2.考數(shù)詞：①sevenyearold;twometerlong;（數(shù)詞做形容詞用法）②fivehundred/thousand/million/billion（具體數(shù)值后面不需要+s）hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof/billionsof(表示概數(shù)時用of結(jié)構(gòu))3.考名詞：①主謂一致（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與后面的動詞的形式（三單，原形）保持一致）②可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別，修飾語等twocupsofcoffee/tea4.考代詞：①many+n復(fù)數(shù)much+不可數(shù)名詞②anumberof+n復(fù)數(shù)agreatamountof/agreatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞③little/alittle/few/afew否定意義：little+不可數(shù)名詞few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)肯定意義：alittle+不可數(shù)名詞afew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)④Other/another/theother/others/theothers1）other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)another+名詞單數(shù)（表三者或者三者以上另一個）2）others后面不能加名詞others=other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)3）one….Theother….一個….另一個…..(兩者之間)some….Others….一些…..另一些……4）other（無范圍）與theother（有范圍）others（無范圍）與theothers（有范圍）⑤不定代詞something、everything、anything、nothing+形容詞⑥人稱代詞1）主語用主格2）動詞/介詞后用賓格；3）空格后有名詞，用形容詞性物主代詞，沒有名詞則用名詞性物主代詞；名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+具體的名詞4）反身代詞?？糴njoyoneself/helpyourself/dressoneself/teachoneself；5.考形容詞/副詞①ed是修飾人，ing是修飾事物②形容詞修飾名詞，副詞（一般以ly結(jié)尾）修飾動詞，副詞修飾形容詞③出現(xiàn)than,用比較級④出現(xiàn)as….as結(jié)構(gòu)，用形容詞/副詞原級⑤oneof+adj最高級+n復(fù)數(shù)①時間介詞at:用于具體時刻、節(jié)日前，例如：at8:00，atChristmas.固定搭配：atnoon,atnightin:用于世紀、年、季節(jié)、月份等不具體的時間前，例如：in2011固定搭配：inthemorning/afternoon/eveningon:用于具體的某一天，或具體的早上、下午、晚上;星期。ontheafternoonofMay5thonacoldday，onMonday/Tuesday…for/since:后面+一段時間，現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志②其它介詞with:與...一起，和...；帶著...，有...的；以(手段、材料)，用(工具)without:沒有。by+交通工具③介詞+doingafter/beforedoing;indoing;fordoing…7.考連詞but/however：表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；(but后無逗號；however,后須有逗號)so/therefore/thus：表示因果關(guān)系；or：或者、否則之意。and：表示并列關(guān)系；though/although：表示雖然……但是，不能與but連用。all：表示全部都，用于三者以上；none:表示沒有人，用于三者或三者以上（側(cè)重指人，表否定）both...and：表示兩者都；either...or：表示兩者之一（選擇）；neither...nor：表示兩者中沒有一個；either:用于句末，表示兩者的否定too:用于句末，表示兩者的肯定also:用于句中，表示也8.考動詞：一看：有無時態(tài)標(biāo)志；單復(fù)數(shù)標(biāo)志；二看：空格前有無情態(tài)動詞（情態(tài)動詞+do）、介詞（介詞+Ving）三看：并列結(jié)構(gòu)；有無and/or（如有則觀察and/or前或后的動詞形式，答案選項的形式要與其保持一致）四看：固定搭配，如make/letsbdosth,seesbdo/doingsth等9.考被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)：be(is/are/am/was/were)+done（過去分詞）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：should/must/can/could/may/might……bedone10.考定語從句：跟在名詞/代詞后面，修飾名詞/代詞修飾人：who修飾物：which11.考賓語從句：跟在謂語后面三要素：①引導(dǎo)詞②時態(tài)當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時時，從句可以為任何時態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為一般過去時時，從句必須用過去時態(tài)；當(dāng)從句為表示客觀事實，真理時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時；③語序：陳序語序12.考詞性tion一般為名詞后綴separation,selection,ness一般為名詞后綴calmnessly一般為副詞后綴luckily,fortunately,ful一般為形容詞后綴careful,ing/ed一般為形容詞后綴ing形容的是物；ed形容的是人13.固定搭配pickup撿起waitfor等待dealwith處理thinkof思考lookahead向前看，預(yù)測未來lookout小心lookon冷眼旁觀lookup仰望；查閱；拜訪bepleasedwith對….滿意beworriedabout擔(dān)憂/心besatisfiedwith對….滿意beamazedat對….驚訝clearaway清除sendaway發(fā)送，派遣turnaway拒絕giveaway贈送，泄露throwaway扔掉lookfor尋找lookup仰望；查閱；尊敬；拜訪lookback回顧；回頭看lookout注意；小心；面朝；照料lookdown俯視；向下看lookdownupon看不起lookafter照顧lookat看bemadeof...由……制成（看得見的材料）bemadefrom...由……制成（看不見的材料）bemadein...產(chǎn)于/制于某地makeup構(gòu)成，化妝makeupone’smindtodosth下定決心做某事解題方法方法一:上下文推斷法根據(jù)上下文的提示或暗示,體驗語境和作者的情感態(tài)度,結(jié)合語法知識,選出符合場景的最佳選項。例1(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Judie’sclasswasstudyingChineseculture.Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroom31somekites.

31.A.to 例2(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Hetoldthemthatkites32inChinamorethan2,000yearsago.Attheendoftheclass,hesaid,“TheChinesemakekitesthatmeansomethingimportanttothem...”

C.areinvented D.wereinvented例3(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Youwillhavea34understandingofkitesthanbefore.

D.thebest例4(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)“Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyouseeakite?”herdadasked.Judiethoughtforamomentand36,“Butterflies.”

C.willanswer D.hasanswered例5(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Judie’sdadagreedthatitwouldbeagoodideatomakeabutterflykite.Theymadeacrosswithsomewoodsticks,37thenJudiepaintedabutterflyonapieceofwhitepaper.Nexttheystuckthepaperonthecross.Finallytheytiedalongtailtothebottom.

例6(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Judie’sdadagreedthatitwouldbeagoodideatomakeabutterflykite…Nexttheystuckthepaperonthecross.Finallytheytiedalongtailtothebottom.Thenextmorning,theytook38kitetotheparkandtestedit.

D.\例7(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)“Judie,canyoutellme40youlikebutterflies?”askedherdad.

Judiereplied,“Tome,butterfliesmeanbeautyandfreedom!”方法二:句子成分分析法分析句子的各個成分,結(jié)合語法知識,補充句子所缺的成分。語法選擇中?？嫉木渥映煞?謂語(表示做動作的詞)、賓語(動作的承受者)、定語(修飾性質(zhì)的詞)、狀語(時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件等)。例1(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwas35firsttimetomakeakite.

“Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyouseeakite?”herdadasked.例2(2020年廣州卷節(jié)選)Thechildrenholdtheirbookscloseastheysaygoodbyeandrunhome12.Davidandhisdonkeysheadback,overandaroundthehills,andintothesunset.

D.morecheerful方法三:固定搭配結(jié)合上下文并利用動詞短語、介詞短語、常用句型的固定搭配來直接選擇答案。例1(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Attheendoftheclass,hesaid,“TheChinesemakekitesthatmeansomethingimportanttothem.Iexpecteachofyou33akitethatmeanssomethingimportanttoyou…

B.tomake 例2(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)“Wow!”shecriedproudly.“39highmybutterflyflies!”

39.A.What B.Whata C.Whatan 易錯點1如何判斷形容詞或副詞的比較等級(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Youwillhavea34understandingofkitesthanbefore.

A.good B.better C.best D.thebest易錯點2如何區(qū)分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞(2020年廣東省卷節(jié)選)Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwas35firsttimetomakeakite.

A.her B.herself C.hers 四、復(fù)習(xí)方法1.復(fù)習(xí)《義務(wù)教育英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(2011年版)中的各個語法點并能掌握和熟練運用各語法點的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和基本規(guī)則。2.平時多積累,多閱讀文章和對話,領(lǐng)悟文章、對話中句子與句子之間的關(guān)系,把握段落之間的關(guān)系,并理解整篇文章、對話的大致內(nèi)容以及上下文邏輯關(guān)系,不斷形成英語的語感,這樣做起題目來會更加得心應(yīng)手。3.加強練習(xí),從中發(fā)現(xiàn)并掌握該類題目的規(guī)律,對自己不熟悉的、容易錯的語法知識抓緊時間查漏補缺。訓(xùn)練自己的邏輯思維,并提高做題的準(zhǔn)確性。一閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項Everyoneuseshisorherownspecialwords1hisorherideasandfeelings.Someoftheseexpressionsare2usedformanyyears.3arepopularforjustashorttime.SuchanAmericanexpressionis“Whereisthebeef?”It4whensomethingisnotasgoodasitissaidtobe.5,“Whereisthebeef?”wasoneof6expressionsintheUnitedStates.It7asifeveryonewasusingitatthattime.Weallknow“McDonald’s”wasfamousforahamburgermade8beef.Whensomebusinessmensawit,theyopenedtheirownhamburgerrestaurants.Onepany9“Wendy”saiditshamburgerswerebiggerthan10soldbyMcDonald’soranyoneelse’s.Thepanybegantousetheexpression“Whereisthebeef?”tomakepeople11thatWendy’shamburgerswerethebiggest.Thetelevisionshowedthreeoldwomeneatinghamburgers.Thebread12coveredthemeatwasverybig,butinsidetherewasonly13meat.Oneofthewomensaidshewouldnoteatahamburgerwithsuchalittlepieceofbeef.“Whereisthebeef?”Sheshouted14afunnyway.TheideaforWendy’shamburgerrestaurantwasa15.Aswesaid,itseemedeveryonebeganusingtheexpression“Whereisthebeef?”()1.A.shows B.toshow C.showingD.show()2.A.mon B.monlyC.inmonD.mons()3.A.Other B.Theother C.OthersD.Another()4.A.using B.used C.isusedD.uses()5.A.Intheearly1980s B.Inearly1980sC.Intheearly1980 D.Atearly1980s()6.A.popular B.morepopular C.mostpopularD.themostpopular()7.A.seemed B.seems C.isseemedD.seem()8.A.of B.from C.byD.in()9.A.calls B.calling C.calledD.call()10.A.this B.that C.theseD.those()11.A.know B.knows C.knowingD.knew()12.A.who B.whose C.whichD.what()13.A.afew B.much C.alotofD.abitof()14.A.with B.atC.inD.by()15.A.succeed B.successC.successfulD.successfully二語法選擇閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從115小題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出一個最佳選項Many,manyyearsagomostpeopledidnothavebeautifulbooks.Somefamiliesdidnothavebooksatall.Thepeople____1_____didhavebookshadonlyafew.Insteadof____2_____books,peopletoldstories.Theywouldrememberthings____3_____happenedtothemandwouldretellthesetalestofriends.Somestoriesyoureadinbookstoday____4_____tochildrenmanyyearsagobytheirfathersandmothers.____5_____thosegirlsandboysgrewup,they,inturn,toldtheirchildrenthesametales.Sometimesthestorieschangedasonemantold____6_____.Thatiswhytodaytherearedifferentbeginningsanddifferentendingstothesamefolktales.You____7_____differentnamesforallkindsofcharactersinthedifferentversions(版本)ofthetales.Inthiswaythestoriesalmostseem____8_____differentonesandnotyourfavoritetalesatall.Somepeople_____9____stories.Theywouldsuppose____10_____thingswhichhadhappenedcouldnotreallyhavehappened.Suchpeoplebecame____11_____asstorytellers.Inmanyofthetales,animalsdidthetalking.Inothers,goodmencametohelpbadmen.Strange,excitingthings____12_____.Thedifferentideasmadeinterestingstories.Someoftheearlytales,___13______themMotherGooseversesweretoldinrhyme.Thepoemswerelearnedbyboysandgirlsathomeandatschool.WhatMotherGooserhymesdoyouknowandremember?Doyouthinktherewas_____14____aMotherGoose?MotherGoosestoriesandrhymesare____15_____goodonesthatwereadandenjoythemtoday,yearsaftertheywerefirsttold.1.A.which B.whom C.who D.when2.A.read B.toread C.reads D.reading3.A.who B.that C.what D.where4.A.tell B.told C.wastold D.weretold5.A.When B.Though C.While D.Which6.A.other B.another C.theother D.theothers7.A.evenfind B.evenfound C.willevenfind D.wouldevenfind8.A.is B.are C.willbe D.tobe9.A.madein B.madeup C.madeof D.madefrom10.A.that B.what C.when D.where11.A.know B.knew C.known D.toknow12.A.happen B.happened C.arehappened D.werehappened13.A.in B.of C.among D.between14.A.real B.really C.tobereal D.tobereally15.A.such B.so C.sucha D.somany三語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Thetraditionofbirthdaypartiesstartedalongtimeago.Therearesometraditions1youcanfindalmostanywhere,anytime,such2sendingbirthdaycards,3outthecandlesonabirthdaycakeandsingingthe‘HappyBirthday’song.Othersareonly4forcertainagesandincertaincountries.InChina,5achild’ssecondbirthday,familymembersputmanythingsontheflooraroundthechild.AccordingtoChinesetradition,thefirstthingthatthechildpicksup6youwhatprofessionthechildwillchooselaterin7.ForJapanesechildren,8third,fifthandseventhbirthdaysare9important.Atthisage,thereisaspecialcelebrationShichiGoSan(seven,five,threeinJapanese)whenchildrengotothetemplewearinganewkimono(和服).Thepriest(僧侶)givesthemspecialsweets,andtheparentsusuallyorganizeapartyfortheirfriendsintheirhome.InArgentina,Mexicoandseveral10LatinAmericancountries,girlshaveaspecialbirthdaycelebration11theyreachtheageoffifteen.Afteraspecialceremony(儀式),thegirlsdanceawaltzwiththeirfatherandotherboys.Eighteenisthetraditional‘ingofage’—theagewhen(inmanycountries)youhavetherighttovote(選舉),jointhearmyand(inBritain)drinkalcohol12buyahouse.InmanyEnglishspeakingcountries,a13birthdaycakeoftenhasakeyontop,orthecakeitselfissometimesintheshapeofakey.Thekeymeansthattheyoungperson14now15toleaveandenterthefamilyhomeatanytimetheywantto!1.A.where B.what C.that D.when2.A.for B.like C.so D.as3.A.blow B.blowing C.toblow 4.A.find B.finds C.found D.finding5.A.on B.in C.at D.to6.A.telling B.told C.willtell D.tells7.A.life B.lives 8.A.a B.an C.the D./9.A.especial C.moreespecial D.mostespecial10.A.theother B.another C.others D.other[來源:Z&xx&k.]11.A.when C.since D.because12.A.and B.but C.or D.so13.A.twentyone B.twentyfirst C.twentiethone D.twentiethfirst14.A.has B.was C.have D.is15.A.oldenough B.youngenough C.enoughold D.enoughyoung四語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法行和上下文連貫的要求，從115各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Thebackdooroftheambulancewassuddenlyshut.Thedriverrantothefront,jumpedintohisseatand____1____theengine.Insideweretheworriedparents,Mr.andMrs.Green.Themotherwasholding____2____babydaughter,Ellen.Thelittlegirlhad____3____foodstuckinherthroatand____4____hardlybreathe. Thedriver,Mr.White,turned____5____hissiren(警笛)andflashinglight,andstartedspeedingtowardsthe____6____hospital.Thecarsaheadofhimpulledoutofthewayashedrovethroughthebusytraffic.Fromthebackoftheambulance,theparentswereshouting____7____himtohurry,sinceEllenhadalmoststoppedbreathing.Mr.Whiteknewhehadnotimetolose,____8____hedrovestraightpastthetrafficlights. ingtowardshimfromhisrightwasataxi.Thedriver____9____waslisteningtohisradiodidnotheartheambulance.Thelightsweregreen,andhedrovestraightonintothepathoftheambulance. Mr.Whitetried____10____hisambulance,butitwastoolate.Ithit____11____taxi.Everyonewasshaken,____12____noonewashurt.Mr.Whitelookedbacktosee____13____littleEllenwas. “Look!”criedMrs.Green.“She____14____again.” “Itmusthavebeenthecrash,”saidherhusband____15____.“Itknockedthefoodoutofherthroat.Theaccidentturnedouttobeablessing.”1.A.start B.started C.hasstarted D.starts2.A.their B.theirs C.they D.them3.A.any B.no C.some D.each4.A.would B.might C.should D.could5.A.on B.off C.out D.into6.A.near B.nearly C.nearer D.nearest7.A.with B.by C.at D.for8.A.because B.although C.so D.after9.A.which B.why C.while D.who10.A.stop B.tostop C.stops D.stopped11.A.the B.a C.an D./12.A.and B.or C.but D.before13.A.where B.how C.when D.what14.A.isbreathing B.breathed C.wasbreathing D.willbreathe15.A.happy B.happily C.unhappy D.happiness五語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1～15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．Ihadnevernoticedher．Shewasnotthekindofgirlwhocoulddrawattention．Shewasnottall（1）lookedordinary．Inclass，shelikedsittingattheback，readingorwritingnotes．OnedayIaskedher（2）aloudthetext．WhenIheardherstandard（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）AmericanEnglish，Ilookedatherwithneweyes．AndIrememberedhername﹣Kelly．Lateron，theNationalCollegeSpeechpetitionwouldbeheld．Onestudentinourschool（3）toattend．Ithoughtitoverandfilledinhername．Kellypractised（4）forthepetition．However，Iwasalittleworried（5）shewasalwaystooquiet．Couldshereally（6）wellinthepetition？（7）thenightofthepetition，Isatinthefrontrowofthehallveryearly．Itoldhertotakeiteasy．Herfaceturnedredandshesaidnothing．（8）seemedthatshewasreallynervous．Ifeltupset，butIjustpattedheron（9）shoulderandlethergotodrawlots（抽簽）．Asaresult，shedrewNo.9whileNo.8wasaboywhowasverygoodatgivingspeeches．Sureenough，No.8wasvery（10）．Thewholeaudiencemadeawarmapplause．Whilethey（11）abouthisspeechwithexcitement，Kellyappearedonthestage．Iwithnocouragetolookather．Itwasher（12）timetogoupthestage，soIcouldn'tbeangrywithherforanysmallmistakes．Butatthatmoment，Ifound（13）Iwassoafraidofherfailure（失?。甌hestrongspotlightandlargehallmade（14）sosmallthatnobodyseemedtonoticeshehadbeenonthestage．Ifelthopeless．Butthemomentthatsurprisedmecame．Iclearlyheardavoice，averyloudvoice，"Now，pleasefocusonme．"Threetimesinall，louderandlouder．Thewholeaudiencefellsilent．Icouldhardlybelievethatloudvoicecamefromthegirl，whowasusuallysoft﹣voicedanddidn'tcatchattentionatall．Shegaveaperfectspeech．IthinkIwillneverforgetthistouchinglesson（15）mystudenttaughtme﹣neverunderestimate（低估）thepowerofthesilentpeople．1．A．orB．butC．a(chǎn)swellD．a(chǎn)nd2．A．readB．readingC．toreadD．toreading3．A．a(chǎn)llowB．a(chǎn)llowedC．wasallowedD．a(chǎn)llows4．A．hardB．hardlyC．harderD．hardest5．A．thoughB．becauseC．whenD．if6．A．didB．bedoneC．doD．doing7．A．InB．AtC．ByD．on8．A．ThatB．ThisC．It'sD．It9．A．a(chǎn)nB．a(chǎn)C．不填D．the10．A．successB．successfulC．succeedD．successfully11．A．talkedB．wouldtalkC．a(chǎn)swellD．weretalking12．A．oneB．theoneC．firstD．thefirst13．A．whenB．thatC．whyD．what14．A．sheB．herC．herselfD．hers15．A．whichB．whoseC．whatD．who．六語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。XianXinghaiwasaveryfamousmusicianinChina.Hewroteoneofthegreatestpiecesofmusicofthe20thcentury.Inhisshortlifehewrote1300songsandanopera.Xianwasb