Unit+4+Natural+Disasters知識點練習(xí) 高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

Unit4單詞詞組解析：damage,v,損害，破壞，n,損壞，損失dodamageto......對....造成損害rescue,v,n,營救，救援，rescue.....from....把某人、某物從.....中營救出來Thepolicemanrescuedtheboyfromdrowning.短語意思：_____________destroy,vt,摧毀，毀滅（指徹底摧毀，以至于不能或很快被修復(fù)）Theearthquakedestroyedalmosttheentirecity.意思：___________Survive,vt,幸存，survivor,幸存者，Surviveon...靠.....維持生活affect,vt,影響，深深打動，affection,n,喜愛，慈愛affectsth=haveaneffectonsth對某事有影響DoesTVaffect/haveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?短語意思：_____________shelter,n,庇護(hù)所，vt,保護(hù)，掩蔽Thespecialelementsheltersyourclothesfromacidrain.短語意思：_____________inruins嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.短語意思：____________Shock,n,震驚，休克，vt,震驚，shocked,adj,吃驚的，震驚的，shocking,adj,令人震驚的Inshock,震驚，吃驚beshockedtodosth對做某事感到震驚beshockedat/by...被..震驚Theywereshockedtohearthatthehospitalwasclosingdown.短語意思：__________betrappedin.....陷入.....被困住Afewpeopleweretrappedinafreezingcoldroom.短語意思：______________bury,vt,埋葬，安葬beburiedin(doing)sth專心致志做某事Beburiedinthoughts沉思Buriedinthenewspaper,Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappening.breathe,vt,呼吸，n,呼吸的空氣Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.effort,n,努力，艱難的嘗試，盡力makeanefforttodosth努力/竭盡全力做某事Sparenoefforttodosth不遺余力做某事Weshouldsparenoefforttoprotectourenvironment,becauseitissharedbyallthecreatures.詞組意思：______________Suffer,vt,遭受，經(jīng)受，忍受，vi,受苦Sufferfrom,遭受......之苦，患.....病Hewassufferingfromseriousheartdisease.詞組意思：_______________supply,n,供應(yīng)量，vt,供應(yīng)，供給Supplysbwithsth=supplysthtosb向某人提供某物calm,adj,鎮(zhèn)靜的，平靜的，vt,使平靜，calmdown平靜下來Itisnoteasytocalmtheexcitedmandown.詞組意思：____________________aid,n,幫助，援助，vt,幫助Withtheaidof........在.....的幫助下aidsbtodosth幫助某人做某事aidsbindoingsth幫助某人做某事Weaidedhiminraisingthemoney.句型意思：_________________onhand現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.詞組意思：_____________Strike,vi,vt,(struck,struck,/stricken)侵襲，突擊，擊打，碰撞①vi,罷工，strikeforsth為了某事而罷工②vt,突然想起，一下子想起，（不用于進(jìn)行時）Itstrikessbthat.......某人突然想起......=itoccurstosbthat.....③vt,敲，鳴，報時④vt,vi,擦，劃，（火柴）⑤n,罷工，罷課，goonstrike舉行罷工deliver,vt,遞送，傳遞，vt,發(fā)表deliver.....to.....把......交給......deliveraspeech發(fā)表演說deliver,v,接生，助產(chǎn)effect,n,影響，結(jié)果，效果，作用,effective,adj,有效的haveaneffecton/upon....對.......有影響takeeffect開始起作用Comeintoeffect生效，開始實施Therainhashadaverybadeffectonthecrops.詞組意思：___________sweepaway消滅，徹底消除佳句鑒賞：Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.解析：_______________________________________________________________________itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.解析：_______________________________________________________________________Everytheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.解析：______________________________________________________________________Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.解析：______________________________________________________________________Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.解析：_______________________________________________________________________However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.解析：_____________________________________________________________________語法；關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定從1.基本概念：①在復(fù)合句中，對名詞，代詞，名詞性短語，句子進(jìn)行修飾，限定的句子叫定語從句。②被定從修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。③結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系代詞+從句④關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as⑤關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞，在定從中作主語，賓語或定語等成分，在限制性定語中作賓語時可以省略。A;that既可指人也可指物，在定從中作主語或賓語，在限制性定從中作賓語可以省。B:which指物，在非限制性定從中可以代替整個句子，在定從中作主語或賓語。C：who指人，在定從中作主語或賓語。D:whom指人，在限制性定從中作賓語，可以省。E:whose的先行詞既可指人也可指物，在定從中作定語，相當(dāng)于ofwhich,ofwhomF:as用于限制性定語中，such....as.....,thesame......as....3.關(guān)系代詞只能用that.①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,something,everything,none,theone等或被這些不定代詞修飾時。IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,butIstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.②先行詞前有形容詞做高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。ThemostimportantthingthatweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingthatIhavesaid.③先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast等修飾時。ThisistheverybookthatourEnglishteachermentionedinclass.④先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthingsthatimpressedhermostdeeplyduringhervisitthere.⑤當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句。Whoistheboythatlivesovertheroad?⑥定語從句中又包含定語從句時，若其中一個已經(jīng)用了關(guān)系代詞which，另一個宜用that.Theybuiltafactory,whichproducednewdrugsthatcouldmakehugeprofits.4.關(guān)系代詞只用which.①引導(dǎo)非限制性定從Thanksforyourletter,whichtookafornighttoarrive.②當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時。30thSeptemberisthewaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.文章。（一）THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeep

cracks

thatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygascomingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a.m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayin

ruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75

percent

ofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings，90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone.

Bricks

coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesof

metal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewere

inshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water，food，and

electricity

werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trapped

andto

bury

thedead.Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybeganto

breathe

again.Tangshanstartedto

revive

itselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless

efforts

ofthecity’speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemust

unify

andshowthe

wisdom

tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.（二）ByRobertWoodhouse

Monday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00a.m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia’s