初中定語從句用法與練習(xí)

初中定語從句講解練習(xí)概念什么是定語從句：

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。其作用是修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞，修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

e.g.Doyouknowtheman

（whocametoseeXiaowangthismorning?）Iknowthegirl.Sheiscrying.Iknowthegirl

who/thatiscrying.先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thegirl,在從句里作主語，不可省略。Thegirlismybestfriend.Shespokeatthemeeting先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thegirl,在從句里作主語，不可省略。Thegirl

whospokeatthemeetingismybestfriend.Youarelookingforagirl.Thisisthegirl.Thisisthegirl

(who/that)youarelookingfor.做賓語先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thegirl,在從句里作賓語,可省略。Yesterdaywevisitedaman.Heisafamousactor.做主語Yesterdaywevisitedaman

who/thatisafamousactor.先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代aman,在從句里作主語,不可省略。Ilovesingers.Theywritetheirownmusic.做主語Ilovesingers

who

writetheirownmusic.先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代singers,在從句里作主語,不可省略。ThepersonisMrLi.Youjusttalkedto

him.做賓語Thepersonto(whom)youjusttalkedisMrLi.先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代theperson,在從句里作賓語,可省略。Whoistheman?Heisreadingthebookoverthere.做主語Whoistheman

who/that

isreadingthebookoverthere?先行詞，被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代theman,在從句里作主語,不可省略。連接句子1.ThepersonisfromJapan.SheteachesusEnglish.2.Whoistheman?Hesingswell.3.Isthistheperson?Youarelookingforhim.4.Italkedwiththeman.HeismyChineseteacher.連接句子5.Isthistheboy?Youspoketohimjustnow.6.Ihaveafriend.Helikestodance.7.Whoistheman?Hesingswell.8.Iknowtheman.Heboughtmeabook連接句子1.ThepersonisfromJapan.SheteachesusEnglish.

Theperson

whoteachesusEnglishisfromJapan2.Whoistheman?Hesingswell.

Whoistheman

thatsingswell?連接句子3.Isthistheperson?Youarelookingforhim.4.Italkedwiththeman.HeismyChineseteacher.

Isthistheperson

whoyouarelookingfor?

Italkedwiththeman

whoismyChineseteacher連接句子5.Isthistheboy?Youspoketohimjustnow.6.Ihaveafriend.Helikestodance.

Isthistheboytowhomyouspokejustnow.

Ihaveafriend

wholikestodance.連接句子7.Whoistheman?Hesingswell.8.Iknowtheman.Heboughtmeabook

Whoistheman

thatsingswell.

Iknowtheman

whoboughtmeabook.翻譯1.我們昨天看見的那位女孩是Tom的姐姐。2.這就是住在我隔壁的那個(gè)人。3.我喜歡留長頭發(fā)的女孩4.我們昨天拜訪的那個(gè)外國人來自美國。5.與你昨天談話的那個(gè)人是李偉的姐姐。翻譯1.我們昨天看見的那位女孩是Tom的姐姐。2.這就是住在我隔壁的那個(gè)人。3.我喜歡留長頭發(fā)的女孩Thisisthemanwholivesnexttome.Thegirl

whowesawyesterdayisTom’ssister.Ilikethegirlwhohaslonghair.翻譯4.我們昨天拜訪的那個(gè)外國人來自美國。5.與你昨天談話的那個(gè)人是李偉的姐姐。Theforeigner

whowevisitedyesterdayisfromAmerica.Theperson

whoyoutalkedtoisLiWei’ssister.6.這里有人要和你說話。Thereissomebodywhowantstotalkwithyou.1.Doyouknowtheyounglady

withwhomyourmotheristalking?2.Ihatethepeople

whodon’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.你認(rèn)識(shí)與你母親正在談話的那位年輕的女士嗎？我討厭那些在困難中不幫助他人的人.3.Themanwhowevisitedyesterdayisafamouswriter.我們昨天拜訪那個(gè)人是一位著名的作家.4.IthinkMrsSmithistherightpersontowhomyoushouldwrite.我認(rèn)為MrsSmith就是那位你應(yīng)該寫信給他的人5.LucywasanEnglishteacherwholovedclimbing.6.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolisfromCanada.Lucy就是那位喜歡爬山的英語老師.參觀我們學(xué)校的那位外國人來自加拿大.7.StephenHawking

whoregardshismanyphysicalproblemasunimportantisaverycleverscientist.8.Thisisthethief

whostolemybike這就是偷我自行車的那個(gè)賊。

那位把身體問題看得不重要的Stephenhawking是一位聰明的科學(xué)家。9.Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？11.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人這就是你要找的那個(gè)人正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）10.Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor定語從句放在先行詞之后，先行詞由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在它們中間。關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,that,which,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,whye.g.1.Heisaman

whomweshouldalllearnfrom.

他是一個(gè)我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)的人

2.Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametoschool

要點(diǎn)：注意：用法：1.定語從句修飾人，用who\that，（who和that一般可互換，有時(shí)可省去）如人后有介詞，則必須用whom.e.g.

Thepeople(who\that)youweretalkingtowereJapanese.Isshethegirlthatsellsflowers?Heisamanthatyoucansafelydependon.他是一個(gè)你能依靠的人。ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.=Thegirlwho/whomIspoketoismycousin.Thegirlwho\thatspoketomeismycousin.區(qū)別相似關(guān)系詞由who，whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

who在從句中作主語，whom在從句中作賓語，whose在從句中作定語。e.g.1.Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike.

這就是偷我自行車的那個(gè)賊。

2.Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.

他就是你想要找的那個(gè)男孩。

1.Thegirl

whose

motherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.

媽媽是個(gè)醫(yī)生的那個(gè)女孩在外面等你。

先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代Thegirl’s,在從句里作定語,不可省略。2.Heistheman

whosecarwasstolen.

先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代theman,在從句里作定語,不可省略。3.Thisisthehouse

whose

windowswerebroken.

先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thehouse,在從句里作定語,不可省略。5.Thebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.

先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thebook,在從句里作bought的賓語,可省略。6.Thedog(which/that)

waslosthasbeenfound.

先行詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代thedog,在從句里作waslost的主語,不可省略。6.Isthereanything

that

youwanted?

先行詞是不定代詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代anything,在從句里作wanted的賓語,可省略。7.All

that

canbedonemustbedone.

先行詞是不定代詞,被修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞，指代all,在從句里作canbedone的主語,不可省略。8.Thefirstthing

thatweshoulddoistotakeexercise.

先行詞是被序數(shù)詞所修飾。關(guān)系代詞，指代thefirstthing,在從句里作shoulddo的賓語,可省略。8.Thisisthebestdictionary

that

I’veeverused.

先行詞是最高級。關(guān)系代詞，指代thebestdictionary,在從句里作haveused的賓語,可省略。9.Westillremembertheschoolandthestudents(that)wevisited.先行詞指人和物，關(guān)系代詞只能用that關(guān)系代詞，在從句里作visited的賓語,可省略。10.Thequestion

which

iswrittenontheblackboardisdifficult.先行詞關(guān)系代詞，在從句里作iswritten的主語,不可省略。1.Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.2.Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.

瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的.一.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。3.Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.4.Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。二：which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省

5.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.

6.Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔铀幼〉某鞘蟹浅＿h(yuǎn)。

三：當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)7.ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.

經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人8.Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？

四：who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略五：關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.9.Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.10.Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么東西要買？

c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.11.ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。12.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures

thatIsawintheroom.d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。13.Thiswasthetime

whenhearrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。14.Thisistheplace

whereheworks.Ithastobeaplace______wecandoalotofoutdooractivities.A.whichB.whereC.thatBThisistheplace

____________hewouldliketolivein.Thisistheplace

____________hewouldliketolive.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.whichthat/whichwhere/inwhichThisisthehouse

____________heislookingfor.Thisisthehouse

____________heusedtolive.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.which(that/which)where/inwhich（3）why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。

15.Nobodyknowsthereason

whyheisoftenlateforschool.

沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

連接句子1.Doyouknowtheman?Heistalkingwithyourfather.Doyouknowtheman

whoistalkingwithyourfather？2.Isthistheriver

?Icanswimthere.IsthistheriverwhereIcanswim？連接句子3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity.Iknowit.

ThisisthebesthotelinthecitythatIknow.4.Canyoulendmethedictionary.Youboughtittheotherday？

Canyoulendmethedictionarythat/whichyouboughttheotherday？

連接句子3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity.Iknowit.

ThisisthebesthotelinthecitythatIknow.4.Canyoulendmethedictionary.Youboughtittheotherday？

Canyoulendmethedictionarythat/whichyouboughttheotherday？

連接句子5.Mywatchismissing.It

isnottheonlything

Mywatchisnottheonlythingthatismissing.6.Theman’scoatisblack.Heiswaitingatthegate.Themanwhosecoatisblackiswaitingatthegate連接句子7.Iloveplaces.Thepeoplearereallyfriendlythere.Iloveplaceswherethepeoplearereallyfriendly.8.Thefirstthingistohaveameal.Youmustdoit.Thefirstthingthatyoumustdoistohaveameal.翻譯April1stisthedaythatiscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.1.四月一號(hào)就是在西方被叫做愚人節(jié)的那一天Thehousewhereweliveinisveryold.2.我們曾經(jīng)住過的房子非常舊.翻譯ThesongsthatSongZuyingsangareverypopular.3.宋主英唱的歌非常流行Thisisthehousewhereheusedtolive.4.這就是他曾經(jīng)居住過的房子翻譯AnotherthingthatIfounddifficultwasEnglishgrammar.5.我覺得困難的另一件事是學(xué)習(xí)英語語法Doyoustillrememberthedaysthatwespentinthesea?6.你還記得我們一起在海邊度過的日子嗎？翻譯ThisisthereasonwhyIamalwayslateforschool.7.這就是我上學(xué)總是遲到的理由Ionlyeatthefoodthattastesdelicious.8.我只吃那些嘗起來是美味的食物。1.Thegirl

whose

motherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.

媽媽是個(gè)醫(yī)生的那個(gè)女孩在外面等你。

2.Heistheman

whosecarwasstolen.

他就是那個(gè)車子被偷的人3.Thisisthehouse

whose

windowswerebroken.

這就是那座窗子被打壞的房子1.Ineverforgetthedays____________wespenttogether.

2.Ineverforgetthedays_________weusedtolivetogether.(which/that)when

2.修飾物用which\that.e.g.Thetrain

which\that

hasjustleftisforxi’an.

Thepenthat\whichyougavemeisverynice.Thisisthequestion

thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.Thisisthequestion

aboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion

用法：3.when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.4.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.5.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞重點(diǎn)關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語）。判斷改錯(cuò)：Thisisthemountainvillagewhere

Ivisitedlastyear.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）

Ivisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.FTFT鞏固練習(xí)1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theoneDA解釋：1:thismuseum作主語，theone代替主語作先行詞，且作賓語，省去which.2:themuseum作狀語。判斷改錯(cuò)（用橫線表示出錯(cuò)誤并改正。）

1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereI

visitedlastyear.

2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenI

spentinthecity.改1：where改成which，因?yàn)閠hemountainvillage作賓語。2：when改成which，因?yàn)閠hedays作賓語。介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.注意

(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(3)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況A)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。B)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用whichC)先行詞有theonly,thesame,thevery,all,any,no,much等修飾時(shí)，只用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)：D)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用thatE)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。F)當(dāng)主句以who、which開頭時(shí)，用that避免重復(fù)。

All_____glittersisnotgold.Irealizethatthereisverylittle____Icanofferhim.Theonlything____mattersistofindourwayhome.Thisistheverygoodfilm____Ihaveseen.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey____arecorssingthebridge.Whoisthestudent___youoftensay.

thatthatthatthatthatthat不用that的情況a)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

改正：that改為which.

b)介詞后不能用。例如：

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

我們依賴土地獲得食物。做到精益求精Wedependonthelan