動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二（六種時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理）中考一輪總復(fù)習(xí)全寶典（原卷版）

攻略02動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)二（六種時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理）·模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense·模塊二過(guò)去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense·模塊三過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)PastFutureTense·模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊五過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PastPerfectProgressiveTense（了解即可）·模塊六將來(lái)完成時(shí)FuturePerfectTense（了解即可）·模塊七用實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)真知模塊一模塊一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)PresentPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：sb.have/hasdone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,just,sofar,never,ever,since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+一段時(shí)間,inthepast/lastfewyears現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的簡(jiǎn)單定義：1）過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定的影響；2）過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。比較：Ihad10hamburgerstoday.（今天“吃”的行為已結(jié)束，10為最終結(jié)果。）Ihavehad10hamburgerstoday.（今天到目前為止吃了10個(gè)，可能很飽，也可能還不盡興。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有兩個(gè)主要用法：用法含義標(biāo)志詞例句已完成動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但后果或影響至今仍然存在.justalready，yetYourletterhasjustbeenreceived.未完成動(dòng)作開(kāi)始在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在for…,since…Theyhavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.*Hanged,hanged絞死Hung,hung懸掛Lie躺lay,lain，lying；說(shuō)謊lied,liedLay放置，下蛋l(fā)aid,laid(雷的，雷的）?Attention?你還能列出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)嗎？recently,lately,總次數(shù)……（XXtimes）since用法結(jié)構(gòu)公式：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過(guò)去式/過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I’veknownmybestfriendsincewewereinhighschool.瞬間動(dòng)詞不能直接和for,since的完成時(shí)連用瞬間動(dòng)詞變成延續(xù)動(dòng)詞borrow_____keep______________buy_______have______________catchacold_haveacold_________die_________bedead___________fallasleep___beasleep___________fallill______beill______________join_______bein______________leave_______beaway____________marry______bemarried_________start_______beon______________end_______beover___________havebeenVShavegone總結(jié)：havebeento___去過(guò)_（去了已經(jīng)回來(lái)）havegoneto表示_去了（去了還沒(méi)回來(lái)）havebeenin(始終呆在一個(gè)地方)特別句型It/This+is+序數(shù)詞＋n+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ItisthefirsttimethatI’veseensuchawonderfulperformance.這是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。It/thisis+最高級(jí)/thebest/theworst/themostinteresting/theonly+n.+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)‘Getaway!’istheonlywordsthatshehaseversaidtome.女神對(duì)我說(shuō)的唯一一句話是“滾開(kāi)”?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)區(qū)別總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，不與具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)說(shuō)的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)結(jié)束了的動(dòng)作，它和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，即使事實(shí)上和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，說(shuō)話時(shí)也不強(qiáng)調(diào)這種關(guān)系，而只是指出那個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間。到目前為止總次數(shù)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一次動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?Attention?Yet，sofar常置于句末，already,just,ever,never等一般置于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過(guò)去分詞之前。★真題試煉★1．Aftergraduation,hiscousinwasemployedbyaninternationalpanyand_______thereeversince.A．worked B．hasworked C．hadworked D．wasworking2．ThisisthethirdtimethatI_______Beijingbutmymother_______herefortwoyears.A．visited;hasleft B．havevisited;hasbeenawayfromC．visited;hasbeenleaving D．havevisited;wasawayfrom3．—It’sselfless________thegreatmantoworkonenergyprojectsabroadundertheBeltandRoadInitiative.—That’strue.He________forPOWERCHINAsincehegraduatedfromcollegein2014.A．for;worked B．of;hasworked C．for;hasworked D．of;isworking4．Internationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquakes.China________an82memberChinaSearchandRescueTeam.A．sends B．wassent C．hassent D．hasbeensent5．—Whywon’tyougotothemovieswiththemthisSunday?—BecauseI________thefilmtwice.A．watched B．havewatched C．willwatch D．waswatching6．—Emily,haveyoueverheardofQuanHongchan?—Yes,I________herpetition.SheandChenYuxiwonthefirstplaceinCanada.A．see B．willsee C．haveseen D．wasseeing7．—Greatchanges________inLiangshaninthepasttwoyears.—I’msoproudofmycountry!Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshakeoffpoverty(貧困).A．weretakenplace B．havebeentakenplace C．hadtakenplace D．havetakenplace8．Sinceweenteredourschoolthreeyearsago,we________notonlyknowledgebutalsohowtobearesponsiblecitizen.A．willlearn B．a(chǎn)relearning C．havelearned D．hadlearned9．Pleaseentertheroomquietly.Thebaby________asleep.A．falls B．fell C．hasfallen D．wasfalling10．ThedocumentaryHexiCorridorisverygreat.I________ittwicesofar.A．havewatched B．watch C．willwatch D．watched模塊模塊二過(guò)去完成時(shí)PastPerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：haddone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by+過(guò)去時(shí)間ThefamilyofDashwoodhadlongbeensettledinSussex.Theirestatewaslarge,andtheirresidencewasatNorlandPark,inthecentreoftheirproperty,where,formanygenerations,theyhadlivedinsorespectableamannerastoengagethegeneralgoodopinionoftheirsurroundingacquaintance.達(dá)什伍德家在蘇塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一個(gè)偌大的田莊，府第就設(shè)在田莊中心的諾蘭莊園。祖祖輩輩以來(lái)，一家人一直過(guò)著體面日子，贏得了四近鄉(xiāng)鄰的交口稱譽(yù)。SenseandSensibility過(guò)去完成時(shí)用以表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作已完成或延續(xù)到某一過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為by+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hismotherhadgonetoworkbythetimehearrivedhome.如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去有明顯的先后順序，最先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。HeaskedifMrGilbert'soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.★真題試煉★11．BythetimeIrushedintothetheater,theshow________forhalfanhour.A．hadbegun B．began C．wason D．hadbeenon12．—Howlong________you________TVbythetimeIcalledyou?—Forabouttwohours.A．had;watched B．have;watched C．did;watch13．—DidyouseeJackattheparty?—No,he________bythetimeI________there.A．wasleaving;got B．left;hadgot C．hadleft;got14．BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie________fortenminutes.Itwashardtofindmyseat.A．hasbeenon B．hadbegun C．hadbeenon15．—Lilywaslateagainthismorning.Mr.Wangwasveryangrywithher.—Yes.Bythetimeshehurriedintotheclassroom,thebell________.A．haverang B．hadrung C．rung16．We________fourimportantexamsonEnglishbytheendoflastmonth.A．hadhad B．willhave C．havehad17．Bythetimetherescue（營(yíng)救）mencametohelp,Jack________togetoutoftheburninghouse.A．managed B．hasmanaged C．hadmanaged18．It’sbadlucktoday!BythetimeIgottothetrainstation,thetrain________fortenminutes.A．hasbeenaway B．willbeaway C．hadbeenaway19．ChristoldStaciethathe_________whathewasdoingduringthevacation.A．wasjustasked B．wasjustasking C．justasked D．hadjustbeenasked20．—Youlookunhappy,whathappened?—Badluck.IplannedtogotoShenzhen,buttheplane________whenI________attheairport.A．hasleft;arrived B．hadleft;arrived C．left;arrives模塊模塊三過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)PastFutureTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式一：woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)公式二：was/weregoingtodo時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：soon,thenextday,thenextmonth,thenextyear等表示過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“站在過(guò)去說(shuō)將來(lái)”?！镎骖}試煉★21．Theradiosaidthatit________cloudythenextday.A．willbe B．was C．wouldbe D．a(chǎn)re22．Alicehasgonetotheclassroomandshedidn’tsay________.A．whendidsheeback B．whenwouldshebebackC．whenshecameback D．whenshewouldbeback23．ZhongNanshanoncesaidinhisspeechthatathirdvaccine(疫苗)________theCOVID19moreeffectively(有效地).A．hasprevented B．willprevent C．prevents D．wouldprevent24．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．willget D．hasgot25．—It’snearlythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmymothershownup?—Shecalledjustnowandpromisedshe________atthree.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．hasarrived D．hadarrived26．—Sophia,thisisasmallgiftforyou.

—Howniceofyou!Ineverthoughtyou__________meagift.A．got B．wouldget C．wouldgive D．gave27．—HasSandyhandedinherreport?—Notsure.Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckitagainandshe________itinsoon.A．willhand B．handed C．wouldhand D．hashanded28．—Whenwillourdaughtereback?—Shetoldmeonthephonelastnightthatshe________inlateApril.Shemustbepackingthesedays.A．willarrive B．wouldarrive C．isarriving D．a(chǎn)rrives29．—It’salreadythreeo’clock.Whyhasn’tmyfathershownup?—Hecalledjustnowandpromisedhe__________atthree.Heshouldbehereinanyminute.A．willarrive B．hasarrived C．wouldarrive D．hadarrived30．—Whywereyoulateforthespeech?—Iwhenmyfrienddroppedby.A．left B．wasabouttoleave C．haveleft D．hadleft模塊模塊四現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PresentPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：have/hasbeendoing時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：sofar,since+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,for+一段時(shí)間,allmorning等InmyyoungerandmorevulnerableyearsmyfathergavemesomeadvicethatI’vebeenturningover（仔細(xì)考慮）inmymindeversince.“Wheneveryoufeellikecriticizinganyone,”hetoldme,“justrememberthatallthepeopleinthisworldhaven’thadtheadvantagesthatyou’vehad.”TheGreatGatsby現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合，既有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，也有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)。主要表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)；表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事；表示感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，因此有“未完成”的含義。試比較：Ihavereadthisbook.（我讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。）Ihavebeenreadingthisbook.（我一直在讀這本書(shū)）?Attention?有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在這兒工作多久了？自1988年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒。Ihavelivedhere/havebeenlivingheresince1988.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))__I'vewaitedfor2hours__我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得望穿秋水)_____Ihavebeenwaitingfor2hours.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天。__Ihavejustknownherfortwodays.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替。這房子已漆了一個(gè)月。_這個(gè)問(wèn)題已被研究了五天。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedfor5days.//Wehavebeenstudyingthisproblemfor5days.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)&現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)異同現(xiàn)完現(xiàn)完進(jìn)已完成√×未完成√+for/since…√（+for/since…）情感×√被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)√×適用動(dòng)詞（有since/for：不能用瞬間V）除不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)的V（心理V；情感V；結(jié)果V；瞬間V……）模塊模塊五過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)PastPerfectProgressiveTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：hadbeendoing時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by+過(guò)去時(shí)間，before+過(guò)去時(shí)間表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另外一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)30年。Hequit/gaveupsmokinglastyear.Hehadbeensmokingfor30years.模塊模塊六將來(lái)完成時(shí)FuturePerfectTense結(jié)構(gòu)公式：willhavedone時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before+將來(lái)時(shí)間；by+將來(lái)時(shí)間，時(shí)間點(diǎn)若是從句，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Iamsurehewillhavefinishedhisworkbythetimeyouarethere.時(shí)態(tài)Summary一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在work(s)is/am/areworkinghave/hasworkedhave/hasbeenworking過(guò)去workedwas/wereworkinghadworkedhadbeenworking將來(lái)will/shallworkis/am/aregoingtowork…willbeworkingwillhaveworkedwillhavebeenworking過(guò)去將來(lái)wouldworkwas/weregoingtowork…wouldbeworkingwouldhaveworkedwouldhavebeenworking根據(jù)“標(biāo)志詞”確定時(shí)態(tài)短語(yǔ)所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)短語(yǔ)所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)now一般現(xiàn)、現(xiàn)進(jìn)howoften一般現(xiàn)、一般過(guò)atthistimeyesterday過(guò)去進(jìn)行howlong現(xiàn)完、現(xiàn)完進(jìn)lastyear/month一般過(guò)sincewhen現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+過(guò)去時(shí)間過(guò)完inthepastthreeyears現(xiàn)完bytheend/timeof+將來(lái)時(shí)間講完Watchout！現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定時(shí)態(tài)—Excuseme,sir.Smokingisnotallowedhere.—Oh,sorryI_____B_____.A.don’tknow B.didn’tknow C.haven’tknown D.can’tknow—Yourphonenumberagain?I____A____quitecatchit.—It’s7226109.A.didn’t B.won't C.don’t D.can’t—Alice.whydidn’tyoueyesterday?—I__C_______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.had B.would C.wasgoingto D.didMom,4plus4is9,right?Honey,I____C_____you_________wrong.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//areDarling,Iamsorry.I_B__you________ingtomorrowmorning,soIdidn'tpreparedinnerforyou.A.think//were B.thought//were C.think//are D.thought//are

在英語(yǔ)里有些動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如:see(看見(jiàn))，hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn))，find(找到)結(jié)果類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)work表示機(jī)器不能正常運(yùn)行、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)常用do/doesn’twork；open,close,lock表示門(mén)、窗等不能正常關(guān)、開(kāi)、鎖的意思時(shí)常用won’topen/close/lock等，這時(shí)它們是以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?！狢anIhelpyou,sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_D____. A.didn’twork B.won’twork C.can’twork D.doesn’twork窗戶打不開(kāi)了，得找個(gè)人來(lái)修。Thewindowwon'topen.Ineedtofindsomeonetorepairit.//Ineedtohaveitrepaired.(havesthdone讓別人來(lái)做，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰(shuí))綜合檢測(cè)綜合檢測(cè)用實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)真知用所給單詞的正確形式填空31．IthinkCreationofGodsIisoneofthebestmoviesI(see)thissummer.32．I(use)thispenforalongtimebutit’sstillgood.33．—That’sanicemobilephone.—Itis.I(have)itfortwomonths.34．ScientistsaretryingtofindlifeonMarsbuttheyanythingyet.(notfind)35．Well(begin)ishalfdone.36．—Haveyouever(ride)