高二英語期末復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)航

PAGE2012學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二英語期末復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)航第一部分：詞匯復(fù)習(xí)天地詞匯是學(xué)習(xí)英語的根本，是提高聽、說、讀、寫能力的基礎(chǔ)。有人甚至把詞匯積累和語感培養(yǎng)并稱為語言學(xué)習(xí)的靈魂，可見詞匯在英語學(xué)習(xí)中是多么重要。詞匯復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)以教材為綱，以高考詞匯表為依據(jù)，以拼寫意義為基礎(chǔ)，掌握詞匯的詞根、前綴和后綴。注意熟詞生義，查缺補(bǔ)漏。聯(lián)系生活，不斷積累閱讀詞匯。同時(shí)，要在具體的語境中根據(jù)上下文去理解詞匯的意義。總之，詞匯學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)不斷積累的過程，遺忘和混淆是正常的，詞匯復(fù)習(xí)也并非是一件死記硬背的事，它需要注入聽、說、讀、寫的血液，給詞匯賦予生命，真正成為語言學(xué)習(xí)的重要部分。(一)、重點(diǎn)單詞提煉1.She______intotheroomtotellusthenews.A.rushed B.flew C.floated D.carried2.Thatcatwill______youwithitsclaws.A.scratch B.feel C.link D.become3.Theauthorfrequently______Shakespeare.A.quoted B.wrote C.bought D.liked4.Ithinkit'sfrightening______thanexciting.A.very B.rather C.other D.pretty5.TherainiscomingintomyhouseandIam______.A.hopeless B.helpless C.needless D.priceless6.Peoplewho______falsenewsaretobeblamed.A.turn B.go C.circulate D.show7.Herheadwas______overherbook.A.bent B.knelt C.felt D.filled8.Weshould______rulesandregulationsmorestrictly.A.enforce B.slow C.endanger D.make9.We'vehad______nofineweatherthismonth.A.deeply B.practically C.highly D.hurriedly10.Theyleftthebabyathome______allevening.A.decided B.needed C.piled D.unattended11.Shewon'tdowhatIask-she'svery______.A.stubborn B.solid C.firm D.foolish12.Youridea______agoodone.A.sounds B.likes C.finds D.smells13.Weoughttofacetheworldandbravethe______.A.wind B.rain C.fog D.storm14.Thesepotatoesdon't______easily.A.feel B.peel C.deal D.fall15.Exercise______theflowofblood.A.interests B.stimulates C.aims D.inspires16.Theapartment______at$2000amonth.A.rents B.hires C.fires D.lets17.Shewasthe______ofaroadaccident.A.student B.killer C.victim D.leader18.Thenewcouplespentsomemoneyforthe______ofthefurniturenecessaryfortheirnewhouse.A.like B.purchase C.delight D.interest19.Theriver______thevalley.A.flooded B.rained C.snowed D.watered20.______achildcanunderstandthebook.A.Even B.If C.Still D.Yet21.Smokingis______intheconcerthall. A.allowed B.forbidden C.advised D.suggested22.Thisisthe______ofthepeoplewhowillcometoourparty.A.list B.groupC.teamD.gang23.Ourfootball______trainstheteam. A.teacherB.playerC.workerD.coach24.Youarea______mannow;youarenolongeraboy.A.youngB.childishC.matureD.foolish25.Hehasa______carbecausehecannotwalk.A.specialB.strangeC.beautifulD.strong26.Willyougotothe______meetinginsteadofme?A.usefulB.busyC.carefulD.routine27.Theygive10%_______forcashpayment.A.priceB.discountC.moneyD.reward28.Ihaveno______onme.MayIpaybycheck?A.cashB.cardC.noteD.pay29.Whenyouhavepaidforsomething,a_______isgiventoyou.A.checkB.paperC.receiptD.bill30.Footballistheboys'usual_______afterschool.A.playB.recreationC.recitationD.payment（二）重點(diǎn)詞組與短語掃描becrazyabout:I'msureyou'llbecrazyabouttheMexicanfood.headfor:Isawaflightofgeeseheadedsouthforthewinter.settledown:UncleGeorgedidn'tsettledownuntilhewasnearlyfifty.inone'sprime:Hewastakenoffbycancerinhisprime.atwill:Hetoldusthatwecouldwanderaroundatwill.awiderangeof:ThisstoresellsawiderangeofTVsets.godown:Thepriceofeggshasgoneeacross:Haveyoucomeacrossthisproblem?showoff:Shelikestoshowoffhernicefigurebywearingtightdresses.pileup:Youmaypileupthebookshere.breakout:Whenthewarbrokeout,thetwocountriesbrokeofftheirdiplomaticrelations.relateto:Washerelatedtoanyoneofimportance?huntfor:Johnsetoutthatdaytohuntforwork.haveeffecton:Hisspeechhadanelectriceffectontheaudience.cutdown:Cutdownthearticlesoastomakeitfitthespaceavailableonthepaper.caterto:Thosenewspaperscatertothelowesttastes.outofcuriosity:Outofcuriosity,thelittlegirlworeherfather'sshoes.marvelat:Imarvelathistremendousachievements.becomposedof:Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.takeadvantageof:Takeadvantageofalleducationalopportunities.ringtrue:Thestorydidn'tringoconsideration:Youshouldtakequalityintoconsideration.toone'sname:There'snoonehereansweringtothatname.liveupto:Didthefilmliveuptoyourexpectations?bymeansof:Theysucceededbymeansofperseverance.toagreatextent:Whetherthisfactorywillsurvivedependtoagreatextentonitsproductionofsteel.makeuseof:Weshouldmakeuseofthechance.berelatedto:Thethemeofthedialogueshouldberelatedtothethemeofthereadingpassage.thanksto:Itwasthankstoyourtimelyhelpthatweaccomplishedthetaskontime.shutoff:Theyshutoffthegasandelectricityintheirhousebeforeleavingonholiday.(三)、練習(xí):用方框中所給詞組的正確形式填空，每個(gè)詞組限用一次：(1)headfor,settledown,atwill,becrazyabout,pileup,takeup,breakout,infact,makeup,takecareofHe______hismindnevertotouchadropofdrink.Please______thebabyformeforawhile,willyou?UncleGeorgedidn't______untilhewasnearlyfifty.Hetoldusthatwecouldwanderaround______.I______Maladona.Carsoften______hereintherushhours.I'mafraidthecompany______asmash.Thetable______alotofspace.Ihadkeptupacorrespondencewithhimuntilthewar______.Thatrumorhasnofoundation______.(2)caterto,checkout,marvelat,aslongas,takeadvantageof,makeuseof,backup,shutoff,thanksto,takeoverHe______myignorance.Wewill______ourtimetostudy.Hewouldhavelosthispositionifyouhadn't______.I______allthefiguresandfoundthemtobecorrect.I______hertremendousachievements.You'llgetonwell______thebosssmilesonyou.They______thegasandelectricityintheirhousebeforeleavingonholiday.Itwas______yourtimelyhelpthatweaccomplishedthetaskontime.Heknewthefilescouldbeofhelptowhoever______thejob.Ournewspaperstryto______allopinions.(3)alongwith,setup,ourofcuriosity,fallill,bynomeans,takeup,asusual,dozensof,addto,rushthrough______willthisprocessbesatisfactory.Hedecidedto______journalism.Hewenttothebackyard______.Whyshe______suddenlyisamystery.Thesnowstorm______ourdifficulties.Theyweretryingto______theautumnploughingbeforethefrost.______,shehadbreadandeggforbreakfast.______universitieshaveestablishedsafety-engineeringdepartments.Howishegetting______hisstudies?Itisnowouraimto______afactory.第二部分：句型掃描與精練（一）重點(diǎn)句型掃描Itseemedthat…意為“表示“(在某人)看來好像；似乎”①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起來好像…②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear)③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look)Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看來似乎是這樣。Itseemedthathisopinionwasmorepractical.看起來他的意見更實(shí)際一些。musthavedone意為“想必一定……”，表示對(duì)過去的推測。Sosomewhereinmyyouthorchildhood,Imusthavedonesomethinggood.所以在我的童年或是少年時(shí)，我一定是做了好事。couldhavedone意為“本可以……”，表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。Hecouldhavedonetheexercise.他本來是能做這練習(xí)的。makesurethat…意為“務(wù)必，確?！眒akesure后面接賓語從句，當(dāng)從句中表示的是將來的事情時(shí)，通常采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表示。例如：Hemadesurethattheropewastight.他看清楚繩子是否拉緊了。Whatimpressedmewasthat…意為“讓我印象最深刻的是……”可以用whatstruckme來代替。例如：WhatimpressedhimmostwaswhathehadseeninChina.在中國見到的一切給他留下了深刻的印象。Itiswidelyrecognizedthat…意為“普遍認(rèn)為”ItiswidelyrecognizedthatheisoneofthemostpopularnovelistsinChina.眾人公認(rèn)他是中國最受歡迎的小說家之一。Nomatterwhat…意為“無論什么”，是讓步狀語從句。nomatterwhat只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（例如主語從句，賓語從句）而whatever既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，他用的范圍比較廣，所以當(dāng)whatever和nomatterwhat一起出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，考點(diǎn)肯定是考“nomatterwhat不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句”，所以考題出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候就選whatever而不選nomatterwhat。He'llgoonwithhisprojectnomatterwhatdifficultiestheremaybe.不管有什么困難,他都要繼續(xù)推行他的計(jì)劃。suchas意為“比如這樣的”。such．．．a(chǎn)s．．．的意思是“像……那樣……”。as是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，as不可以用其它關(guān)系詞來代替。such．．．that．．．的意思是“如此……以至于……”，that是連詞，引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。such后可直接跟名詞，也可以跟形容詞＋名詞。Iliketobuysuchbooksasyouboughtyesterday.我想買你昨天買的書。Idohopethat…意為“我真的希望”Idohopeyouwillacceptourapologies.我真希望您能接受我們的歉意。thanksto意為“多虧了，由于”。thanksto為習(xí)語介詞，thanks不可以改為thankyou，to后也不接動(dòng)詞原形，這個(gè)短語表示原因，意為“由于”、“多虧”，to表示感謝的對(duì)象。Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishedtheworkintime.多虧了你幫忙，我即使完成了工作。(二)、練習(xí):根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給句型提示翻譯下列句子。哪怕只有一線希望我也不會(huì)放棄。(evenif)當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?itseemsasif)多數(shù)人相信,罷工至少會(huì)延續(xù)一個(gè)星期。(itisbelievedthat)雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不同意。(though)這個(gè)結(jié)系得那麼緊，根本解不開。(insuchawaythat)我們把作業(yè)做完才能出去。(not…until)我們將改在花園喝茶，而不在屋里喝。(insteadof)他一定會(huì)認(rèn)真考慮我的話的，因?yàn)樗瓿闪宋医ㄗh的每一件事。(musthavedone)他本該算得慢些、細(xì)心些。(shouldhavedone)你必須把時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)弄清楚。(makesure)眾人皆知他是中國最受歡迎的小說家之一。(Itiswidelyknownthat…)他是那么會(huì)暈船,所以他總搭飛機(jī)。(such…that)幸虧你及時(shí)幫忙,我們才按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。(thanksto)在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年，他非常熟悉這個(gè)校園。（Havingdone,…）碰巧一九八八年的收成很糟。(Ithappenedthat…)第三部分：語法大看臺(tái)現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞還可以作非限制性定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面?，F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞(即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)。如：Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!對(duì)我們所有的人來說，這真是個(gè)令人疲乏不堪的一天！Moreandmoredevelopingcountriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries.越來越多的發(fā)展中國家與發(fā)達(dá)國家建立戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。TheyoungsittingbetweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack.坐在我姐姐和哥哥中間的年青人是我的表弟杰克。1.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.

A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose2.Thebell______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.

A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted3.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt4.Willthose______thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching5.Thepicture______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.

A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung二．現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語：

1.分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。如：Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們高興得跳了起來。Usingwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法，你能猜測新詞的意思。Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.學(xué)生們走出教室，又說又笑。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)可以在分詞前加while，when,once,although,until,if等連詞。Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.離開機(jī)場時(shí)，她不斷跟我們揮手。Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork.等火車時(shí)，我和我妹妹就她的工作談了很久。Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.盡管學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他還是沒能通過考試。1.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,______A.studiedB.studyingC.tohavestudiedD.tobe2.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not______,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved3.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,______inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.tolet B.letting C.letD.havinglet4.thatshedidn’tdoagoodjob,Idon’tthinkIamablerthanher.A.Tohavesaid B.Havingsaid C.Tosay D.Saying5.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow______hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.A．said B．says C．saying D．tosay三．現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語：

現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補(bǔ)語。這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞可看成是主語補(bǔ)語。如：Onthetopofthehill,wecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneysinthevillage.在山頂上，我們能看到煙從村子里的煙囪里升起來。Weshouldnotleavehimwonderingwhatheshoulddo.我們不應(yīng)該讓他思考他該做什么。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.很抱歉，讓你等了這么長的時(shí)間。1.Ismellsomething______inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burning B.burntC.beingburnt D.tobeburnt2.Theboyswereseen______onthesportsground.A.play B.played C.playingD.tobeplaying3．Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.A.calling B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall4.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filled B.filling C.tofill D.beingfilled5．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught不定式一、不定式作賓語：1.在及物動(dòng)詞begin,cease,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,help,hope,intend,like,love,manage,mean,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse,remember,try,want,wish等后邊常用不定式作賓語。例如：WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish?你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語的？注意：當(dāng)不定式作直接賓語，它后面還有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，需用it作形式賓語代替不定式，而把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語之后。例如：Doyouconsideritwisetoignorehim?你認(rèn)為不理睬他是明智的嗎？2．動(dòng)詞不定式也可作介詞but,except,save（除以外）的賓語，但在詞組cannotbut（不由得，只好）,cannothelpbut（不得不）,donothingbut（別無它法只有）后面，接不帶to的不定式。在except,save后可帶to也可不帶to。例如：Shedoesnothingbutcryallday.她整天就是哭。Wecannotbutbelieveintheyoungman.我們?nèi)滩蛔?huì)相信這個(gè)年輕人的話。1．I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects2．ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwith C.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit3．Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake．A．toclean B．cleaning C．cleanedD．beingcleaned4．Heagreed______herebutsofarhehasn’tturnedupyet．A．havingmet B．meeting C．tomeet D．tohavemet5．Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret______that．A.todo B．tobedone C．tohavedone D．havingdone二、不定式作補(bǔ)語：1．作賓語補(bǔ)足語有些動(dòng)詞如allow,advise,ask,beg,believe,can’tbear,call,choose,cause,command,determine,enable,expect,fail,feel,find,force,get,have,hear,help,know,invite,lead,let,like,make,notice,order,prove,request,set,see,teach,tell,think,want,warn,watch,wish等后面常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。注意：在make（使）,let（讓）,have（使，叫）等使役動(dòng)詞后；在see（看）,watch（觀看）,lookat（看）,behold（看）,observe（觀察，看見）,perceive（看見）,feel（感覺）,hear（聽）,listento（聽...）,notice（發(fā)現(xiàn)，注意）等表示感官的動(dòng)詞后及在know（了解）,please（請(qǐng)）等后面省去動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”。在動(dòng)詞find與help之后的“to”可省也不可省。例如：Iaskedhimtotellmetheresultsofthescientificresearch.我讓他告訴你科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果。Canyouhelpme(to)cleanthewindows?你能幫我擦窗嗎？2．作主語補(bǔ)足語如果把動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的句中的謂語由主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。要注意作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)在某些動(dòng)詞后省去的不定式符號(hào)to,此時(shí)一般不能省去。例如：Watercanbemadetoproduceelectricity.水可以被用來發(fā)電。Thelaboringpeopleoftheworldarecalledontounite.號(hào)召全世界的勞動(dòng)人民團(tuán)結(jié)起來。1.Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?Justaminute.I’llhaveBob______youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing2.Myparentshavealwaysmademe______aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwell B.feelinggoodC.feelwell D.feelgood3．Themotherfeltherself____coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.A.growB.grownC.togrow D.tohavegrown4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventing C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented5．Pauldoesn’thavetobemade______．Healwaysworkshard．A．learn B．tolearn C．learned D．learning三、不定式作狀語：1．用to+原形動(dòng)詞，inorderto+原形動(dòng)詞或soasto+原形動(dòng)詞引起不定式短語表示目的，結(jié)果，原因。例如：Tomeettheneedsofourindustry,wemustproducemorecoal.為了滿足我國工業(yè)的需要，我們必須生產(chǎn)更多的煤碳。（表目的）Thetemperatureissohighastochangewaterintosteam.溫度高到可使水變成蒸汽。（表結(jié)果）Theyweregladtohearfromyou.收到你的信他們很高興。（表原因）2．用在easy,difficult,hard,heavy,good等形容詞作表語的系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞后，是存在謂語所表示的情況，不定式要用主動(dòng)式。例如：Thisquestionishardtoanswer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。3．在“too...to”句型中，不定式含有否定意義，表示“結(jié)果”。Hewastoobusytohelpmeatthemoment.此刻他太激動(dòng)了以至于說不出話來。1．Heletmerepeathisinstruction______surethatIunderstandwhatwas______afterhewentaway．A．tomake;tobedoneB．making;doingC．tomake;todoD．making;todo2．______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm．A．TosleepB．SleepingC．Sleep D．Havingslept3.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry______youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.A.beingpersuadedB.persuading C.tobepersuaded D.topersuade4.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere______foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained5.______thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.A．ToensureB．EnsuringC.HavingensuredD.Tohaveensured四、不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的考點(diǎn)集中在動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞語的邏輯關(guān)系的判斷上：主謂關(guān)系：不定式的被修飾語是該不定式的邏輯主語。如：Sheisnotapersontobowbeforedifficulty．她可不是個(gè)困難面前低頭的人。2．動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：不定式的被修飾語是該不定式的邏輯賓語。如：Ihavealotofletterstowrite．我有許多信要回。1.Thelastone______paysthemeal.Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving2.Thecompanywasthefirst______portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced3.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything______?A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought4.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-pldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone______.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed5.Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled過去分詞一、過去分詞做定語：單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了大樓。Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.外國專家提出來的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。如：Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個(gè)學(xué)生出席了。1.Therehavebeenseveralnewevents____totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.add B.toadd C.adding D.added2.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completed D.beingcompleted3.“Things_________nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost4.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recording C.toberecorded D.havingrecorded5.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpenses______vacationtoChina.A.paying B.paid C.tobepaid D.beingpaid二、過去分詞做狀語：過去分詞和-ing分詞作狀語一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨.1.表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。如：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.從山頂上看，這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。2.表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了，停止了爭吵。3.表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用if等詞。如：Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。4.表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。如：Exhaustedbytherunning,theywentonrunningaftertherobber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。5.表方式或伴隨情況。如：Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.那個(gè)老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。注意：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩被問到為何來這里時(shí)，他沉默不語。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。1.______andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.A.SurprisingB.Surprised C.Beingsurprised D.Tobesurprising2.______automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.A.Mailedout B.Mailingout C.Tobemailedout D.Havingmailedout3.______byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.Driven B.Beingdriven C.Todrive D.Havingdriven4.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,______.A.exhausting B.exhausted C.beingexhausted D.havingexhausted5.______thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven三、過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,find,get,have,feel,make,leave,keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，用作賓語補(bǔ)語。當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，過去分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語。如：Whenwillyougotothehospitalandhaveyourtoothexamined?你什么時(shí)候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒？Theyshouldbekeptinformedofthesituationthere.應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢。1.Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfying2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished B.finishing C.havingfinished D.wasfinished3.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish______inashortperiod.A.improved B.improving C.toimprove D.improve4.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem______inhislectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interest D.tointerest5.Shewantsherpaintings______inthegallery,butwedontthinktheywouldbeverypopular.A．displayB．todisplay C．displaying D．displayed第四部分：．完型與閱讀解題思路(一)、完型填空解題思路與訓(xùn)練1、做完型填空的時(shí)候要通讀全文，在沒看選項(xiàng)之前要把文章看一遍，知道文章大致講什么。完型填空第一句話是不設(shè)空的，往往非常重要，他會(huì)告訴你這篇文章主旨是什么，所以應(yīng)特別注意這個(gè)句子。2、通讀文章，理解文章到底講的是什么。該選擇的答案在上下文中應(yīng)該是有線索的，在往下看的時(shí)候也許就能找到提示性的答案。3、完型填空是綜合性的測試，不僅學(xué)考生的閱讀理解，還要考對(duì)詞語的準(zhǔn)確掌握，所以經(jīng)?？家恍┐钆?。要仔細(xì)考慮語境和語意，選用合適的詞。4、要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)，同時(shí)還要根據(jù)生活常識(shí)和相關(guān)知識(shí)來確定選項(xiàng)。5、全部選定之后，通篇閱讀，注意全文的整體性。細(xì)心檢查，避免疏漏。（1）Somepeoplearejustsuretobefailures.That’showsomeadultslookattroublesomekids.Maybeyou’veheardthesaying,“Abirdwithabrokenwingwill__51__flyashigh.”I’msurethatT.J.Ware,whowascaught__2__ayearago,wasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayatschool.Athighschool,Warewasalwaysmaking__3__.Hedidn’tanswerquestions,gotintolotsoffightsandwas__4__fromschoolattimes.Teachersdidn’twanttohavehimagainthefollowingyear.ImetWareforthefirsttimeatameeting.Allthestudentsatschoolhadbeeninvitedto__5__foraprogramdesignedtohavestudentsbecomemoreactiveintheircommunities.Theprogram__6__groupdiscussionandvoluntaryworkintheirneighborhoods.Inthebeginning,Warejuststoodby,notreadytojointhediscussiongroups.Butslowly,theinteractivegames__7__himin…Attheendofthemeeting,hejoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewmuchabout__8__,hungerandhelplessness.TheotherstudentsontheteamhadneverseenWaremakingsuchalong,movingspeech.Theywere__9__withhispassionateconcernandideas,sotheyelectedWaretobechairmanoftheteamwitha__10__vote.Twoweekslater,Wareledagroupof70studentstocollect__11__.Theycollectedaschool__12__:2,854cansoffoodinjusttwohours.Itwasenoughtofeedneedyfamiliesintheareafor75days.Thelocalnewspaper__13__theeventwithfullarticlethenextday.Afterthat,Warestartedshowingupatschooleverydayandansweringquestionsfromteachers.Ware’schange__14__usthatabirdwithabrokenwingonlyneedsmending.Onceithas__15__,itcanflyhigherthantherest.1.A.sometimesB.alwaysC.neverD.still2.A.coldB.stealingC.lyingD.spitting3.A.knownB.mistakeC.funD.trouble4.A.absentB.differentC.presentD.free5.A.takeupB.makeupC.signupD.putup6.A.containedB.includedC.concludedD.increased7.A.tookB.caughtC.pulledD.drew8.A.povertyB.fightingC.robberyD.courage9.A.disappointedB.surprisedC.impressedD.bored10.A.quantityB.majorityC.minimumD.quality11.A.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.furniture12A.ruleB.markC.foundationD.record13.A.spreadB.coveredC.printedD.wrote14.A.requestsB.decidesC.remindsD.requires15A.repairedB.realizedC.protectedD.healed（二）“閱讀理解”解題思路與能力訓(xùn)練1、尋找主題句，抓住細(xì)節(jié)，把握全文。大多數(shù)閱讀材料均有主題句，用以說明文章的主旨，其他文字一般是圍繞主題句展開說明的。有的主題句在文章的開頭，有的在文章的結(jié)尾，還有的主題句在文章的中間出現(xiàn)。不是所有的文章或段落都有主題句，文章的主題思想不是所通過主題句明確表述的而是通過對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述或概括各段的主題思想，含蓄地表達(dá)出來。因此，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先記住作者所提供的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、和事件，在大腦中形成初步印象，然后根據(jù)作者提供的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)和事件，綜合歸納成一般性的概念。2、要培養(yǎng)詞義推斷能力。閱讀中難免會(huì)遇到生詞，如果每次遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞都去查字典，則會(huì)影響閱讀速度和理解效果。因此，在閱讀中要善于根據(jù)上下文，推斷某些單詞和短語的意義。1.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來推斷詞義。2.根據(jù)上下文的對(duì)比關(guān)系來推斷詞義。3.根據(jù)文中解釋推斷詞義。4.根據(jù)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞義。3、要把握好長難句，做出正確判斷。所謂長難句，是指結(jié)構(gòu)稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的句子，只要善于分析理清結(jié)構(gòu)，困難就會(huì)迎刃而解。在閱讀過程中，“判斷”是進(jìn)一步理解文章內(nèi)容與深層含義的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，是一種主要的閱讀理解技巧?！芭袛唷笔且晕恼滤峁┦聦?shí)為依據(jù)，經(jīng)過分析思考，作出唯一的、合理的決定。（2）Justbeforemidnight,sixUniversityofCincinnatiFurious,thestudentschaseddownandtackledoneoftheburglars--theonewiththegun.Inthestruggle,itwentoff,andabulletgrazedastudent'sleg.Hisfriendspiledonthegunmanandheldhimuntilpoliceshowedup.Bythenextday,theinjuredyoungmanwasbackinhisapartment,andthesuspectwasinjail,chargedwithburglary,feloniousassaultandreceivingstolenproperty.Buthowdidthemenmanagetostormintoanon-campusresidencethatNovembernightinthefirstplace?Simple:Studentstoldpolicethebuilding'smaindoorshadn'tlatchedproperlyfordays.Asparentsconfrontballooningcollegecostsandshrinkingacceptancerates,theyarefindingthemselveswithanevenbigger,morebasicproblem:Whichcampusesaresafe?Collegesseemlikeidyllicandsecureplaces,andforthemostpart,theyare.Butivy-coveredwallscan'tkeepouteverybadelement.Thiscountry's6,000collegesanduniversitiesreportsome40,000burglaries,3,700forciblesexoffenses,7,000aggravatedassaultsand48murdersayear.Otherhazards--fires,binge-drinking,mental-healthproblems--arealsoontherise.Ofcourse,that'snotwhatparentsandstudentsseeonAmerica'sserenecampuses.There'safalsesenseofsecurity,saysHarryNolan,asafetyconsultantinNewYorkCity."Studentsseeguardspatrollingatnightoravideocamera