2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：完形填空議論類、說明類專練（含答案）

專題五完形填空議論類、說明類專練考點01：冠詞考點02：代詞考點03：介詞和介詞短語考點04：名詞考點05：形容詞和副詞考點06：非謂語動詞考點07：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)考點08：定語從句考點09：名詞性從句考點10：并列連詞考點11：狀語從句考點12：完形填空議論文、說明文1.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。What'sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword"culture"?Doyouthinkofdifferentgroupsofpeopleacrosstheworldwithvarious

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andclothing?Whataboutanimals?SamWilliams,executivedirectoroftheMacaw(金剛鸚鵡)RecoveryNetworkinCostaRica,helpsto

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theimpactofthedeclineofmacawpopulationsbytakingbirdsthatwereborn

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andreleasingthemintothewild.Butthisprocessisvery

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."Inacage,youcan't

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themtoknowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites,"WilliamstoldecologistandwriterCarlSafinafortheGuardian.Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant

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.Thistypeofknowledgeisknownasculturalknowledge.Culturalknowledgecanbe

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fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone.Formanyspecies,culturalknowledgeisnecessaryfor

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.Culturehelpsanimalsto

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differenthabitats.Forexample,somecrows(烏鴉)havelearnedtoputnutsinthemiddleoftheroadforcarstodriveover.Andinotherareas,theyhavelearnedtodothisatintersectionssotheycan

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getthefoodwhenthecarsstopatredlights.Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity,usingdifferenttools,takingdifferent

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routesandusingdifferentsocializingmethods.Thesetraditionscanespeciallybeseeninchimpanzeecommunities.CatHobaiter,whostudieschimpanzeesinUganda,said:"It'snotjustthe

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ofpopulationsofchimpsthatworriesme.Ifind

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thepossibilityoflosingeachpopulation'suniqueculture.That'spermanent."Cultureisn'tjustfor

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.Cultureisalsoanimportantpartoflifeinthewildfromusingtoolsto

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.1.A.communities

B.zones

C.traditions

D.divisions

2.A.squeeze

B.reduce

C.wrestle

D.delete

3.A.encaged

B.enlarged

C.encouraged

D.ensured

4.A.tentative

B.slow

C.lame

D.abrupt

5.A.elect

B.swap

C.assess

D.train

6.A.brochure

B.seminar

C.framework

D.information

7.A.passeddown

B.takenup

C.followedup

D.puttogether

8.A.management

B.survival

C.currency

D.cooperation

9.A.caterto

B.pushfor

C.adaptto

D.divein

10.A.safely

B.desperately

C.surprisingly

D.hopefully

11.A.irrigation

B.migration

C.suspension

D.collision

12.A.loss

B.dilemma

C.adjustment

D.prevention

13.A.enterprising

B.flexible

C.artificial

D.terrifying

14.A.animals

B.plants

C.humans

D.nails

15.A.refreshing

B.weeping

C.negotiating

D.socializing2.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Whyliarslie:WhatsciencetellsusaboutdeceptionWealldoitsometimes,eventhoughweknowit'swrong.Buthere'stheproblemwithlying:researchshowsthatthemoreyoulie,theeasieritgets,andthemorelikelyyouaretodoitagain."Thedangerousthingaboutlyingisthatpeopledon'tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,"saidDanAriely,abehavioralpsychologistatDuke.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyasage2.Someexpertsevenconsiderlyinga

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milestone,likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequirescomplexplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelse's

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toeffectivelycontrolthem.Butformostpeople,lyinggets

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aswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.A2010studyonthefrequencyoflyinginAmericafoundthatinagiven24-hourperiod,mostadultsreportednottellinganylies.Almosthalftheliesrecordedinthestudycouldbe

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just5percentofparticipants.Andmostpeople

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lyingwhentheycould,turningtodeceptiononlywhenthetruthwastroublesome.HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesaid,

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,formostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hepresentedstudysubjectswithachancetodeceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRI(核磁共振)machine,which

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bloodflowtoactivepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstinctively.Butothers

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optedtolie,andtheyshowed

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activityintheirfrontalparietal(額頂葉)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplexthinking.Thissuggeststhattheyweredecidingbetweentruthand

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–andultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneuralrewardcentersweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealsomorelikelytobeamongthegroupofliars–suggestingthatlyingmayhavetodowiththe

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toresisttemptation.Scientistsdon'treallyknowwhatpreventsallofusfromlyingallthetime.Somebelievetruth-tellingisasocialnormweinternalize,oraresultofconflictinourbrainsbetweenthethingswewantandthe

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imageofourselveswestrivetomaintain.Butthecuriousthingaboutthis

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mechanismisthatitcomesfromwithin.However,externalconditionsalsomatter

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whenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweareabletojustifyit,whenweare

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andexhausted,orwhenweseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersarewatching.1.A.historical

B.developmental

C.mental

D.psychological

2.A.perspective

B.imagination

C.experience

D.evaluation

3.A.dominated

B.preferred

C.accepted

D.limited

4.A.attributedto

B.appliedto

C.reducedto

D.distributedto

5.A.regretted

B.avoided

C.recognized

D.denied

6.A.anyhow

B.instead

C.indeed

D.likewise

7.A.stimulates

B.maps

C.guides

D.assesses

8.A.reasonably

B.randomly

C.passively

D.deliberately

9.A.restored

B.failed

C.regulated

D.increased

10.A.morality

B.fantasy

C.dishonesty

D.reality

11.A.inability

B.impulse

C.determination

D.possibility

12.A.unique

B.objective

C.positive

D.typical

13.A.preventive

B.persuasive

C.interactive

D.decisive

14.A.regardlessof

B.bymeansof

C.inresponseto

D.intermsof

15.A.delighted

B.motivated

C.encouraged

D.stressed3.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Lastyear,Iattendedaclassanddiscussedthetopicof"paperbooksore-books"withmyclassmates.Thediscussionwaslively,butwasleft

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becauseofseveralprosandcons(利弊)ofbothtypesofbooksandthepersonal

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ofdifferentstudents.

AccordingtoanarticlefromLATimes,astudydiscoveredthat92%of300collegestudentsinAmericaandotherthreecountries

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physicalpaperbooks.Manyparticipantsreportedtheyhadheadachesforlongscreentimeandareeasily

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whenslidingcolorfulpages.

I

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thatthe92percentageistrue,notjustbecauseitistheresultofastudy.Paperbookscan

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anotherperspective(感受)toyourreadingexperiencethroughthe

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smellofthebook,thefeelofthe

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betweenyourfingertipsandthesenseofprogressbeingmadethroughoutyourreading.

However,pleasurecomesata

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.Physicalbooksaren'tcheapand

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muchroom.Asapersonwhomovesoftenandloveswrittenwords,itcanbeabig

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tomovemyminilibraryfromoneplacetoanother,nottomentionthemoneytobuythosebooks.

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,besidestakinguplessspace,e-booksaremore

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thantraditionalbooks.Yetthose

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didn'tkeepmyinterestforlong.Nothing

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thecomfortingfeelingofcurlingup(蜷縮)withahotcupofteaandabook.1.A.unheard

B.untouched

C.unsolved

D.unexplained

2.A.decisions

B.suggestions

C.worries

D.preferences

3.A.refused

B.favoured

C.disliked

D.trusted

4.A.carriedaway

B.takenin

C.wornout

D.fedup

5.A.doubt

B.believe

C.assess

D.confirm

6.A.ruin

B.compare

C.block

D.bring

7.A.unique

B.bad

C.common

D.strange

8.A.stories

B.pages

C.characters

D.bookmarks

9.A.price

B.loss

C.speed

D.time

10.A.occupy

B.create

C.waste

D.make

11.A.relief

B.reward

C.headache

D.mistake

12.A.Inotherwords

B.Asaresult

C.Inaddition

D.Ontheotherhand

13.A.available

B.costly

C.affordable

D.reliable

14.A.disadvantages

B.benefits

C.thoughts

D.challenges

15.A.involves

B.deserves

C.beats

D.expresses4.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。TheLittleBabyFaceFoundation(LBFF)providesfreeplasticsurgery(整容手術(shù))forchildrenbornwithfacialdeformities(畸形).Manyteenagerswhohavebeen1fortheirlooksarenowapplyingtohavetheirproblemareas"fixed"byLBFF.Nadia,one14-year-oldteenager,hadherfacegreatlychangedinJunewhenshewentunderthe2.Herclassmateshadbeenconstantlymakingfunofherappearance."TheysaidIhavethebiggestearsthatthey'veeverseen.Theycalledmeelephantears,"Nadiasaid.Those3hurtheralot.Sheeven4howtoendherownlife.ButNadiatriedto5thebullyingasecretfromhermother,Lynda.Hermotherwasalreadydealingwithmountingmedical6forher9-year-oldson,Josh,whohadaseriousbraindisease.Whenhermotherdidfinally7aboutthebullying,shewasheartbroken.Thenhermother8theLBFF,whichacceptedNadia'sapplication.Thesurgerieswerevery9andittookmonthsforherfacetoheal,butshedid10returntoschoolwithanewface,afaceshewasfinallyproudof.Nadia'ssurgerymayhavehelpedherovercomeheremotionalpain,butshouldteenagersgotothose11justbecausetheyarebeingbullied?Experts12ifthedeformitiesarenotreallyaproblemtothechild,plasticsurgeryisnottheanswer!Infact,whenateendecidestogetplasticsurgerybecauseheorsheisbeingbullied,itcansendthewrong13.Bysurgicallychangingthevictim(受害者)ofabully,itisasifyou14thebullyingandagreethevictimisinfactworthyofallthose15heorshehasbeencalled.1.A.laughedat B.thoughtof C.lookedafter D.watchedover2.A.practice B.light C.knife D.process3.A.opinions B.comments C.thoughts D.ideas4.A.wanted B.needed C.considered D.managed5.A.keep B.protect C.end D.shelter6.A.incomes B.bills C.notes D.accounts7.A.workout B.cutout C.makeup D.findout8.A.turnedin B.askedfor C.relatedto D.turnedto9.A.quick B.relaxed C.pleasant D.painful10.A.manageto B.seekto C.agreeto D.tryto11.A.operations B.extremes C.evaluations D.attitudes12.A.protest B.declare C.push D.warn13.A.answer B.way C.notice D.message14.A.recommend B.remember C.support D.suppose15.A.sufferings B.names C.bullies D.behaviors5.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Seventy-eight-year-oldNoraLangdonspendsmultipledaysaweekatthegym,trainingforliftingcompetitionsthreehoursatatime.Now,shehasbecomea(n)

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topeopleofallages.

Attheageof65,Langdonwas

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toliveahealthierlifestyle.In2007,sheweighedover210poundsandoften

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tocatchherbreathwhilegoingupthestairs.Sheknewitwastimefora

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.

Afterjoiningthegymandwatchinghertrainerprepareforapowerliftingmeet,she

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thecompetitionanddecidedto

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itherself.Shebeganwiththebasics-usingabroom(掃帚)asabarbellbefore

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movingtoweights.Itwasn'tlongbeforeshediscoveredliftingwasher

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.

AlthoughLangdonhaswon20ofherpowerliftingmeetsandhasstate,nationalandworldrecordsunderherbelt,sheshowsnosignsof

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anytimesoon.Hernext

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?Topowerliftatotalofoverathousandpounds.

"She'sreallybeena

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tothegym,andtome,andtothewholepowerliftingfield,"hertrainersaid."Toseesomebodyatthatagedoingwhatshe'sdoingis

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."

Shewantsotherstoknowthatwithmotivationandstrongfaith,anyoneofheragecangetinto

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.Shesaid,"Yourbodywasmadeto

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andyouhavetokeepitmovinginordertostay

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.1.A.opponent

B.model

C.amateur

D.headache

2.A.determined

B.satisfied

C.stressed

D.worried

3.A.attempted

B.refused

C.struggled

D.hesitated

4.A.study

B.change

C.visit

D.break

5.A.reported

B.witnessed

C.organized

D.entered

6.A.test

B.fix

C.try

D.adopt

7.A.eventually

B.naturally

C.directly

D.temporarily

8.A.destination

B.reference

C.task

D.passion

9.A.improving

B.stopping

C.recovering

D.winning

10.A.lifestyle

B.competition

C.goal

D.success

11.A.leader

B.memory

C.coach

D.treasure

12.A.threatening

B.convincing

C.inspiring

D.confusing

13.A.debt

B.shape

C.trouble

D.position

14.A.exercise

B.fight

C.develop

D.suffer

15.A.calm

B.relaxed

C.optimistic

D.healthy6.閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Everyonehasaphoneintheirpocketnowadays,buthowoftendowereallyusethemfortheiroriginalpurpose–tomakeacall?Telephonecultureis

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.Whatbroughtustothismoment,andwhatareits

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?"Noonepicksupthephoneanymore,"wroteAlexC.MadrigalonTheAtlantic."Thereflex(習(xí)慣性動作)of

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–builtsodeeplyintopeoplewhogrewupin20th-centurytelephonicculture–isgone."Theshiftisofcoursedueinlargeparttomore

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options:Textingwithphotos,videos,emojis,linksandevenvoicemessagescanbeamore

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option.Textingislightandfun,notnearlyasdemandingofyourattentionasaphonecall.Itcanalsobedonewith

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peopleatthesametime.Socialmedia,emailandvideocallshavealso

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traditionalphonecalls.Inrecentyears,anotherreasonhascausedpeopleto

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phonecallscompletely:robocalls,Robocallsareautomated(自動化的)messagesfromorganizationsverifying(核實)yourphonenumberortelemarketerstryingto

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something.Americansreceived22.8billionrobocallshalfwaythrough2020,

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anannualrateof45.6billion,accordingtoYouMail,arobocallprotectionserviceandblockingapp.Astelephoneculturedisappears,whatisthelossofasingularfamilyphonedoingtothefamilyunit?Earlylandlinephonesunitefamilymembers,whereasmobilephones

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them."The

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familyphoneservedasananchor(給以安全感的物品)forhome,"saidLukeFernandez,aWeberStateUniversitycomputer-scienceprofessorandco-authorofBored,Lonely,Angry,Stupid:FeelingsAboutTechnology,FromtheTelegraphtoTwitter.Withsmartphones,"wehavegained

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andprivacy.Butthevalueofthehomehasdeclined,ashasits

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toguideandmonitorfamilybehaviorandperhapsbindfamiliesmorecloselytogether,"Fernandezsaid.Ofcourse,astechnologyprogresses,livesalwayschangeforbetterorforworse.Withthelossoftelephoneculture,familieswillneedtofindotherwaysto

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.1.A.displaying

B.disappearing

C.discouraging

D.disturbing

2.A.volumes

B.links

C.versions

D.effects

3.A.answering

B.winding

C.striking

D.wandering

4.A.inspection

B.variation

C.communication

D.expectation

5.A.attractive

B.overall

C.plain

D.realistic

6.A.multiple

B.outstanding

C.ambitious

D.enthusiastic

7.A.calloutfor

B.getdownto

C.eatawayat

D.goinfor

8.A.sweep

B.stimulate

C.transform

D.ignore

9.A.consume

B.sell

C.arrange

D.grab

10.A.guaranteeing

B.equaling

C.combining

D.easing

11.A.negate

B.dominate

C.separate

D.upset

12.A.shared

B.possessed

C.estimated

D.employed

13.A.liberation

B.reputation

C.security

D.mobility

14.A.innovation

B.concept

C.appetite

D.capability

15.A.greet

B.accompany

C.unite

D.rely

答案以及解析1.答案：1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.D;6.D;7.A;8.B;9.C;10.A;11.B;12.A;13.D;14.C;15.D

解析：1.考查名詞及語境理解。A.communities社區(qū)；B.zones空間；C.traditions傳統(tǒng)；D.divisions分支。句意：你認(rèn)為世界上不同的民族有不同的傳統(tǒng)和服裝嗎？根據(jù)前文What'sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword"culture"講到文化可知，此處是講不同的傳統(tǒng)和服裝。故選C。2.考查動詞及語境理解。A.squeeze擠壓；B.reduce減少；C.wrestle纏繞；D.delete刪除。句意：SamWilliams是哥斯達(dá)黎加金剛鸚鵡恢復(fù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的執(zhí)行主任，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響，方法是將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外。根據(jù)下bytakingbirdsthatwereborn3andreleasingthemintothewild."可知，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響。故選B。3.考查動詞及語境理解。A.encaged關(guān)進(jìn)籠子；B.enlarged擴大；C.encouraged鼓勵；D.ensured保證。句意：SamWilliams是哥斯達(dá)黎加金剛鸚鵡恢復(fù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的執(zhí)行主任，他幫助減少金剛鸚鵡數(shù)量減少的影響，方法是將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外。根據(jù)下一段的第一句話inacage,youcant.可知，他是把出生在籠子里的鳥兒放回自然，所以此處選擇encaged。故選A。4.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.tentative實驗性的；B.slow緩慢的；C.lame瘸的；D.abrupt突然的。句意：但這個過程非常緩慢。根據(jù)下文Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant6可知，因為缺乏親生父母的教導(dǎo)，這個過程非常的困難、非常艱辛，所以此處選擇slow。故選B。5.考查動詞及語境理解。A.elect選舉；B.swap交換；C.assess評價；D.train訓(xùn)練。句意：在籠子里，你無法訓(xùn)練它們知道在哪里、何時以及如何找到食物，也無法訓(xùn)練它們找到有好的筑巢地點的樹。根據(jù)空后的"knowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites"可知，將出生在籠子里的鳥放回野外需要訓(xùn)練。故選D。6.考查名詞及語境理解。A.brochure手冊；B.seminar討論會；C.framework框架；D.information信息。句意：在野外，父母會教給孩子這些重要的信息。此處是指前文提到的"在哪里、何時以及如何找到食物"、"有好的筑巢地點的樹"，這些都是信息。故選D。7.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.passeddown傳遞；B.takenup占據(jù)；C.followedup跟隨；D.puttogether組裝。句意：文化知識可以從老一輩傳給下一代。根據(jù)空后的"fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone"可知，此處是講文化知識可以從老一輩傳給下一代。故選A。8.考查名詞及語境理解。A.management管理；B.survivals生存；C.currency貨幣；D.cooperation合作。句意：對于許多物種來說，文化知識是生存所必需的。從上文的食物和筑巢中不難推測出，這些知識至關(guān)重要以至于沒有了它們甚至無法存活的。故選B。9.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.caterto迎合；B.pushfor奮力爭取；C.adaptto適應(yīng)；D.divein潛入。句意：文化幫助動物適應(yīng)不同的棲息地。根據(jù)后文講烏鴉在不同的地區(qū)做出相應(yīng)的行為來適應(yīng)環(huán)境可知，此處是講文化幫助動物適應(yīng)不同的棲息地。故選C。10.考查副詞及語境理解。A.safely安全地；B.desperately不顧一切地；C.surprisingly驚訝地；D.hopefully有希望地。句意：在其他地區(qū)，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)會在十字路口這樣做，這樣當(dāng)汽車紅燈時，他們可以安全地拿到食物。根據(jù)前文提到烏鴉把堅果放在路中間是為了讓車停下可知，這樣就能安全地獲得食物。故選A。11.考查名詞及語境理解。A.irrigation灌溉；B.migration遷徙；C.suspension暫停；D.collision碰撞。句意：文化知識的其他重要部分包括群體認(rèn)同、使用不同的工具、采取不同的遷移路線和使用不同的社交方法。這里講的動物們的習(xí)慣，并且后面有routes，顯然會想到遷移路線migrationroutes。故選B。12.考查名詞及語境理解。A.Ioss損失；B.dilemma窘境；C.adjustment調(diào)整；D.prevention阻止。句意：讓我擔(dān)心的不僅僅是黑猩猩數(shù)量的減少。下一句話中的losingeachpopulation'suniqueculture暗示了上一句話空格處是lossofpopulations。此處需要注意前后文的呼應(yīng)。故選A。13.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.enterprising有事業(yè)心的；B.flexible靈活的；C.artificial人造的；D.terrifying令人恐懼的。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)失去每個民族獨特的文化是可怕的。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)失去每個民族獨特的文化是可怕的。故選D。14.考查名詞及語境理解。A.animals動物；B.plants食物；C.humans，人類；D.nails釘子。句意：文化不僅僅是人類的?？崭窈笠痪湔f，文化也是野生動物的。所以空格前面與之對應(yīng)應(yīng)該選擇humans。故選C。15.考查動詞及語境理解。A.refreshing更新；B.weeping哭泣；C.negotiating協(xié)商；D.socializing社交。句意：從使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要組成部分。根據(jù)前文講烏鴉使用工具和動物的群體認(rèn)同（Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity）可知，此處是講從使用工具到社交。故選D。2.答案：1.B;2.A;3.D;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.D;9.D;10.C;11.A;12.C;13.A;14.D;15.D

解析：1.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.historical歷史的；B.developmental發(fā)展的；C.mental精神的；D.psychological心理的。句意：一些專家甚至認(rèn)為撒謊是一個發(fā)展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一樣，因為它需要復(fù)雜的規(guī)劃、注意力和從別人的角度看問題的能力，從而有效地控制局面。根據(jù)后"likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequirescomplexplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituation"可知，此處指撒謊是一個發(fā)展的里程碑。故選B。2.考查名詞及語境理解。A.perspective看法，觀點；B.imagination想象；C.experiences經(jīng)歷；D.evaluation評估。句意：一些專家甚至認(rèn)為撒謊是一個發(fā)展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一樣，因為它需要復(fù)雜的規(guī)劃、注意力和從別人的角度看問題的能力，從而有效地控制局面。根據(jù)空前"seeasituation"可知，此處指撒謊是從別人的角度看問題的能力。故選A。3.考查動詞及語境理解。A.dominated支配，控制；B.preferred偏愛；C.accepted接受；D.limited限制。句意：但對大多數(shù)人來說，當(dāng)我們發(fā)展出道德感和自我調(diào)節(jié)能力時，撒謊就會受到限制。根據(jù)空后"aswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate."可知，因為有了道德感和自我調(diào)節(jié)能力時，撒謊就會受到限制。故選D。4.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.attributedto歸因于，由于；B.appliedto應(yīng)用于；C.reducedto降低到；D.distributedto分發(fā)給。句意：在這項研究中，幾乎一半的謊言可以歸因于5%的參與者。由前文"mostadultsreportednottellinganylies."可知，大部分成年人幾乎不撒謊了，所以此處表示一半的謊言可以歸因于一小部分的參與者。故選A。5.考查動詞及語境理解。A.regretted后悔；B.avoided避免；C.recognized辨認(rèn)；D.denied拒絕。句意：大多數(shù)人都盡量避免說謊，只有在真相令人費解的時候才會轉(zhuǎn)向欺騙。根據(jù)后"whentheycould,turningtodeceptiononlywhenthetruthwastroublesome."可知，大部分人都會避免撒謊，只有在萬不得已的情況下才那樣做。故選B。6.考查副詞及語境理解。A.anyhow不管怎么樣；B.instead相反；C.indeed事實上；D.likewise同樣地。句意：哈佛大學(xué)的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家JoshuaGreene說，事實上，對我們大多數(shù)人來說，撒謊需要付出努力。根據(jù)后文研究結(jié)果可知，撒謊的確需用付出努力。故選C。7.考查動詞及語境理解。A.stimulates刺激；B.maps繪制；C.guides指導(dǎo)；D.assesses評估。句意：在研究中，他給研究對象一個機會，讓他們通過欺騙來獲得金錢，同時用核磁共振成像機檢查他們的大腦，這將繪制出血液流向大腦活躍部分。根據(jù)前文"examiningtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRI（核磁共振）machine"可知，因為用功能磁共振成像機檢查他們的大腦，所以此處需用動詞maps，表示繪制出血液流向大腦活躍部分的圖。故選B。8.考查副詞及語境理解。A.reasonably合理地；B.randomly隨意地；C.passively被動地；D.deliberately故意地。句意：但另一些人則故意撒謊，他們的額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)（涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考）活動增加。根據(jù)前文"Somepeopletoldthetruthinstinctively"和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，有的人故意撒謊。故選D。9.考查動詞及語境理解。A.restored恢復(fù)，還原；B.failed失敗；C.regulated控制；D.increased增加。句意：但另一些人則故意撒謊，他們的額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)（涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考）活動增加。因為撒謊進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的思考，所以額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)（涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考）活動增加。故選D。10.考查名詞及語境理解。A.morality道德；B.fantasy幻想；C.dishonesty不誠實；D.reality現(xiàn)實。句意：他的建議是，他們要在真相和不誠實之間做出抉擇，最終選擇后者。根據(jù)空前"truthand"可知，空處需用dishonesty.與之對應(yīng)。故選C。11.考查名詞及語境理解。A.inability無能力；B.impulse沖動；C.determination.決心；D.possibility可能。句意：在后續(xù)的分析中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在贏錢時神經(jīng)獎勵中心更活躍的人也更有可能成為說謊者-這表明撒謊可能與無法抗拒的誘惑有關(guān)。根據(jù)空后"resisttemptation"可知，此處指沒有能力去抵抗誘惑，所以會撒謊。故選A。12.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.unique獨無二的；B.objective客觀的；C.positive積極的；D.typical典型的。句意：有些人認(rèn)為，說實話是我們內(nèi)化的一種社會規(guī)范，或者是我們的大腦中我們想要的東西和我們努力維持的積極形象之間沖突的結(jié)果。根據(jù)前文"Somebelievetruth-tellingisasocialnormweinternalize"和空后"imageofourselveswestrivetomaintain."可知，此處指我們努力維持積極的形象。故選C。13.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.preventive預(yù)防的；B.persuasive有說服力的；C.interactive互動的；D.decisive決定性的。根據(jù)句意：但這種預(yù)防機制的奇怪之處在于，它是由內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的。據(jù)本段第一句"Scientistsdon'treallyknowwhatpreventsallofusfromlyingallthetime.（科學(xué)家真的不知道是什么阻止我們所有人一直撒謊。）"可知，此處指預(yù)防機制。故選A。14.考查介詞短語及語境理解。Aregardlessof不管，不顧；B.bymeansof通過；C.inresponseto.對……作出回應(yīng)；D.intermsof在。方面。句意：然而，外部條件也會影響我們?nèi)鲋e的時間和頻率。根據(jù)空后"whenandhowoftenwelie."可知，此處需用intermsof，表示在撒謊的時間和頻率方面，外部條件有影響。故選D。15.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.delighted高興的；B.motivated激勵的；C.encouraged受到鼓舞的；D.stressed有壓力的。句意：研究表明，當(dāng)我們能夠為自己的行為辯護(hù)時，當(dāng)我們感到壓力和疲憊時，或者當(dāng)我們看到別人不誠實時，我們更有可能撒謊。根據(jù)空后"andexhausted"可知，此處指當(dāng)我們壓力和疲憊時，我們更會可能撤謊。故選D。3.答案：1-5CDBAB6-10DABAA11-15CDCBC解析：1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:討論很熱烈,但由于兩種類型的書的優(yōu)缺點以及不同學(xué)生的個人喜好,討論沒有得到解決。A.unheard前所未聞的;B.untouched未接觸的;C.unsolved未解決的;D.unexplained未得到解釋的。根據(jù)"becauseofseveralprosandcons(利弊)ofbothtypesofbooksandthepersonal

2

ofdifferentstudents."可知,討論的問題沒有得到解決。故選C。

2.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:討論很熱烈,但由于兩種類型的書的優(yōu)缺點以及不同學(xué)生的個人喜好,討論沒有得到解決。A.decisions決定;B.suggestions建議;C.worries擔(dān)心;D.preferences偏愛。根據(jù)"Thediscussionwaslively,butwasleft

1

"可知,討論懸而未決是因為同學(xué)們的個人喜好不同。personalpreference個人喜好。故選D。

3.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:根據(jù)《洛杉磯時報》的一篇文章,一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在美國和其他三個國家的300名大學(xué)生中,92%的人更喜歡紙質(zhì)書。A.refused拒絕;B.favoured支持;喜愛;C.disliked不喜歡;D.trusted信任。根據(jù)"Manyparticipantsreportedtheyhadheadachesforlongscreentimeandarceasily

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whenslidingcolorfulpages."可知,大多數(shù)人都喜歡紙質(zhì)書。故選B。

4.考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意:許多參與者聲稱,他們長時間看屏幕會感到頭疼,滑動彩色頁面時很容易走神。A.carriedaway帶走;B.takenin吸收;C.wornout疲憊不堪;D.fedup養(yǎng)肥。根據(jù)"whenslidingcolorfulpages."可知,許多參與者認(rèn)為滑動彩色頁面時很容易走神。故選A。

5.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我相信92%是正確的,不僅僅因為這是一項研究的結(jié)果。A.doubt懷疑;B.believe相信;C.assess評估;D.confirm證實。根據(jù)"notjustbecauseitistheresultofastudy."可知,作者認(rèn)為92%的人更喜歡紙質(zhì)書這樣的結(jié)論是正確的。故選B。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:紙質(zhì)書可以為你的閱讀體驗帶來另一種視角,通過獨特的書的味道,指尖間書頁的感覺,以及在閱讀過程中取得進(jìn)展的感覺。A.ruin毀壞;B.compare比較;C.block阻塞;D.bring帶來。根據(jù)"anotherperspective(感受)toyourreadingexperiencethroughthe

7

smellofthebook,thefeelofthe

8

betweenyourfingertipsandthesenseofprogressbeingmadethroughoutyourreading."可知,這里指閱讀紙質(zhì)書所帶來的好處。故選D。

7.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:紙質(zhì)書可以為你的閱讀體驗帶來另一種視角,通過獨特的書的味道,指尖間書頁的感覺,以及在閱讀過程中取得進(jìn)展的感覺。A.unique獨特的;B.bad壞的;C.common常見的;D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)語境,這里指紙質(zhì)書獨特的味道。故選A。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:紙質(zhì)書可以為你的閱讀體驗帶來另一種視角,通過獨特的書的味道,指尖間書頁的感覺,以及在閱讀過程中取得進(jìn)展的感覺。A.stories故事;B.pages書頁;C.characters角色;D.bookmarks書簽。根據(jù)"betweenyourfingertipsandthesenseofprogressbeingmadethroughoutyourreading."可知,這里指手指翻紙質(zhì)書書頁的感覺。故選B。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,快樂是有代價的。A.price代價;B.loss損失;C.speed速度;D.time時間。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞"However"和"Physicalbooksaren'tcheapand

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muchroom."可知,享受紙質(zhì)書的快樂是有代價的。故選A。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:紙質(zhì)書并不便宜,而且占用空間很大。A.occupy占據(jù);B.create創(chuàng)造;C.waste浪費;D.make制造。根據(jù)"besidestakinguplessspace,"可知,紙質(zhì)書占很大的空間。故選A。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:作為一個經(jīng)常搬家并且喜歡書面文字的人,把我的迷你圖書館從一個地方搬到另一個地方是件很頭疼的事,更不用說買那些書的錢了。A.relief欣慰;B.reward報答;C.headache頭疼;D.mistake錯誤。根據(jù)"movemyminilibraryfromoneplacetoanother,"可知,搬書是一件頭疼的事情。故選C。

12.考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空間,電子書比傳統(tǒng)書籍更便宜。A.Inotherwords換句話說;B.Asaresult結(jié)果;C.Inaddition此外;D.Ontheotherhand另一方面。這里作者從另一方面來說明電子書的優(yōu)點。故選D。

13.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空間,電子書比傳統(tǒng)書籍更便宜。A.available可利用的;B.costly昂貴的;C.affordable支付得起的;D.reliable可靠的。根據(jù)"Physicalbooksaren'tcheap"可知,電子書比傳統(tǒng)書籍更便宜。故選C。

14.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,這些好處并沒有讓我長久地保持興趣。A.disadvantages不利;B.benefits好處;C.thoughts想法;D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞"Yet"可知,電子書的好處并沒有讓作者長久地保持興趣。故選B。

15.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:沒有什么比喝杯熱茶看書更舒服的了。A.involves涉及;B.deserves值得;C.beats打敗;D.expresses表達(dá)。根據(jù)"thecomfortingfeelingofcurlingup(蜷縮)withahotcupofteaandabook."可知,沒有什么能夠比得上喝杯熱茶看書更舒服的了。beat這里為"比……更好"之意。故選C。4.答案：1-5ACBCA6-10BDDDA11-15BDDCB解析：1.考查動詞及語境理解。A.laughedat嘲笑；B.thoughtof想起；C.lookedafter照顧；D.watchedover監(jiān)視，照看。句意：許多因長相而被嘲笑的青少年現(xiàn)在都申請讓LBFF"修復(fù)"他們的問題部位。根據(jù)上文"TheLittleBabyFaceFoundation(LBFF)providesfreeplasticsurgery(整容手術(shù))forchildrenbornwithfacialdeformities（畸形）."可知，許多青少年因為長相畸形而被嘲笑。故選A。2.考查名詞及語境理解。A.practice練習(xí)；B.light光線，光亮；C.knife刀；D.process過程。句意：納迪亞是一名14歲的少女，今年6月她接受了整容手術(shù)，面部發(fā)生了很大變化。根據(jù)上文"hadherfacegreatlychanged"可知，她做了整形手術(shù)。undertheknife"接受手術(shù)"。故選C。3.考查名詞及語境理解。A.opinions觀點；B.comments評論；C.thoughts想法；D.ideas主意。句意：那些評論傷了她的心。根據(jù)上文"TheysaidIhavethebiggestearsthatthey'veeverseen.Theycalledmeelephantears,"Nadiasaid.可知，同學(xué)們嘲笑她長相的評論傷害了她。故選B。4.考查動詞及語境理解。A.wanted想要；B.needed需要；C.considered考慮；D.managed管理。句意：她甚至考慮過如何結(jié)束自己的生命。根據(jù)后文"howtoendherownlife"可如，她甚至考慮過自殺。故選C。5.考查動詞及語境理解。A.keep保持；B.protect保護(hù)；C.end結(jié)束；D.shelter保護(hù)，掩蔽。句意：但納迪亞試圖對她的母親琳達(dá)隱瞞欺凌事件。根據(jù)下文"Whenhermotherdidfinally7aboutthebullying,shewasheartbroken."可知，她試圖隱瞞霸凌事件。keepsth.fromsb."向某人隱瞞某事"。故選A。6.考查名詞及語境理解。A.incomes收入；B.bills賬單；C.notes筆記；D.accounts賬戶。句意：她的母親已經(jīng)在為9歲的兒子喬希（Josh）支付越來越多的醫(yī)藥費，喬?；加袊?yán)重的腦部疾病。根據(jù)下文"Josh，whohadaseriousbraindisease."可知，弟弟的疾病需要花費越來越多的醫(yī)藥費。故選B。7.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.workout計算出，鍛煉；B.cutout割掉，刪除；C.makeup組成，彌補；D.findout找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)。句意：當(dāng)她媽媽終于發(fā)現(xiàn)她被欺負(fù)的事時，她的心都碎了。根據(jù)下文"shewasheartbroken."可知，媽媽最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了她被校園霸凌。故選D。8.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.turnedin上交；B.askedfor請求；C.relatedto與……有關(guān)；D.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于。句意：然后她的母親向LBFF求助，后者接受了Nadia的申請。根據(jù)下文"whichacceptedNadia'sapplication."可知，她的媽媽向LBFF求助了。故選D。9.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.quick迅速的；B.relaxed放松的；C.pleasant令人愉快的；D.painful痛苦的。句意：手術(shù)非常痛苦，她的臉花了好幾個月才痊愈，但她終于以一張全新的臉重返學(xué)校，她終于為自己的臉感到驕傲。根據(jù)下文"ittookmonthsforherfacetoheal"可知，手術(shù)非常痛苦。故選D。10.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.manageto設(shè)法完成；B.seekto試圖；C.agreeto同意；D.tryto試著。句意：手術(shù)非常痛苦，她的臉花了好幾個月才痊愈，但她終于以一張全新的臉重返學(xué)校，她終于為自己的臉感到驕傲。根據(jù)上文"Thesu