虛擬語氣考點一覽

虛擬語氣考點一覽【14考點】1】IfI+V-ed,Iwould...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?+過去式動詞…，主詞+過去式助動詞（would/should等）＋原形動詞說明：這是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)句型。if（子句）中的（be）（動詞），不論（主詞）為第幾人稱，一律用were，were可置于主詞前面，而省略if。過去式（助動詞）除用should（用于第一人稱）、would（用于第二、三人稱）外，還可用不分人稱的could，might和oughtto，它們與＜動詞＞原形結(jié)合起來構(gòu)成（假設(shè)語氣）。IfIknewhisaddress,Icouldwritetohim.如果我知道他的住址，我會寫信給他。WereIrichenough,Iwouldbuyasportscar如果我有足夠的錢,我就買一輛賽車了【2】IfIhadV-ed,Iwouldhave...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should等+have+過去分詞說明：這是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)〈句型〉。if〈子句〉要用〈過去完成式〉，〈主要子句〉則要用過去式〈助動詞〉（would,should,oughtto,might，could）+have+過去〈分詞〉。if〈子句〉中的had可置于〈主詞〉前面，而省略If。IfIhadseenhim,Iwouldhavetoldhimthetruth.如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。HadIproposedtoyou,wouldyouhavemarriedme?我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應(yīng)嫁給我嗎?【3】IfIhadV-ed,Iwouldhave...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should等+have+過去分詞說明：這是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)〈句型〉。if〈子句〉要用〈過去完成式〉，〈主要子句〉則要用過去式〈助動詞〉（would，should，oughtto,might，could）+have+過去〈分詞〉。if〈子句〉中的had可置于〈主詞〉前面，而省略If。IfIhadseenhim,Iwouldhavetoldhimthetruth.如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。IcouldhavefinishedthetaskifIhadhadmoretime.如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務(wù)?！?】IfIhadV-ed,Iwould...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should等+原形動詞+now/today說明：這是〈時態(tài)〉不一致時的假設(shè)〈句型〉，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即：if〈子句〉若與過去事實相反，用〈過去完成式〉表示；而〈主要子句〉若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，則用過去式〈助動詞〉表示。此類〈主要子句〉句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的〈時間副詞〉，如now，today等。Ifhehadworkedharderwhenyoung,hewouldbewelloffnow如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。IfIhadbeenrichtenyearsago,Icouldbuythathousetoday.如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了?！?】虛擬語氣用于wish后的賓語從句表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反、或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句中通常省略that。從句中虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式為：主語+wish(that)+(從句)主語+動詞過去式—表達現(xiàn)在的愿望動詞過去完成式―表達過去的愿望過去式助動詞+原形動詞―表示未來的愿望--IwishIweretwentyyearsyounger.--Shewishesthatsheknewhisaddress.--Iwishshehadtakenyouradvice.--Hewishestherainwouldstopsoon.【6】IfIshould...,Iwould...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?should…，…would/should等+原形動詞說明：這是表示與未來事實相反的假設(shè)〈句型〉，if〈子句〉要用〈助動詞〉should,譯成“萬一”。should可置于〈主詞〉前，將if省略?！粗饕泳洹档摹粗鷦釉~〉則視可能性做變化：若可能性低，則為過去式，若可能性高，則為現(xiàn)在式。should可以提前，而將if省略。Ifheshouldcome,Iwouldtellhimthetruth.萬一他來，我會把真相告訴他。Shouldtheboycomeagain,Iwouldthrowhimout.要是那男孩在來，我就把他攆出去?！?】IfIwereto...,I...結(jié)構(gòu)：If?wereto…，…would/should等+原形動詞說明：這也是表示與未來狀況相反的假設(shè)〈句型〉，與“if...should,...”大致相同，但“if...wereto”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“與真理相反”的（假設(shè)語氣）。Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,hewouldpasstheexam.要是太陽從西邊出來，他就會通過考試－－他不可能通過考試?！?】Ifitwerenotfor...結(jié)構(gòu)：ifitwerenotfor+名詞/子句，主詞+would/should等+原形動詞…說明：此句型意為“若非（有）…”。此類句構(gòu)專門用于表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的〈假設(shè)語氣〉。亦可用“butfor+〈名詞〉”或“without+〈名詞〉”代替。were可以提前，省略ifButforyouradvice,Ishouldhavefailed.要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。Butformusic（=Wereitnotformusic）,lifewouldbedull.要不是音樂，人生會很無聊?！?】Ifithadnotbeenfor...結(jié)構(gòu)：ifithadnotbeenfor+名詞/子句，主詞+would/should等+原形動詞…說明：此句型意為“若非(有)…”。此類句構(gòu)專門用于表示與過去事實相反的＜假設(shè)語氣＞。Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp,Ishouldhavefailed.如果沒有他的幫忙，我應(yīng)該已經(jīng)失敗。Haditnotbeenforthekindguide,Imighthavegotlostinthemountains.要不是這位好心的向?qū)?，我可能就在山中迷路了。?0】Idemand/insistthat...結(jié)構(gòu)：主詞1+意志動詞(demand/insist等)+(that)+主詞2+(should)+原形動詞說明：意志〈動詞〉有四類：建議(suggest,recommend,propose,advise,urge等),要求(desire,ask,demand,require,request,maintain,insist等),命令(order,command等),規(guī)定(rule,regulate,stipulate等)。其后接that-＜子句〉時，該〈子句〉里的〈動詞〉要用原形或“should+＜動詞〉”。美式英語通常省略should。Thecommitteemovedthatthemeeting(should)beadjourned.委員提議休會。Hisparentsdemandedthathe(should)bebackbyten.他的父母要求他十點以前回家。Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalariesberaised.員工們要求加薪?！?1】Itisproper...that...該句型表示“當然、應(yīng)該、必要、適當”之意結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis+意志形容詞(important等)+(that)+主詞+(should)+原形動詞說明：意志＜形容詞＞包括important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable，advisable，recommendable，proper等。that-＜子句〉中只能用〈助動詞〉should,不可用must,而should往往予以省略。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理些資料供我參考。Itisimportantthathebequiet.他該保持安靜是有必要的?！?2】Ifonly+V-ed結(jié)構(gòu)：Ifonly+過去式/過去完成式說明：此句型意為“要是?就好了?！庇眠^去式,表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；若用〈過去完成式〉,則表示與過去事實相反。IfonlyIhadarichfather.要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。Ifonlyhehadbeenhere.要是他當時在這兒就好了。【13】虛擬語氣在itistimethat…句型中的應(yīng)用該句型表示早該做而未做的事情。其表達形式為：Itistime+(that)+(從句)主語+were或過去式動詞Itisabouttime、Itishightime--Ithinkit'stime(that)theystoppedthispractice.--Itishightime(that)youwenttobed.【14】虛擬語氣用在wouldrather(sooner),would(just)assoon,hadrather后的that從句中該句型表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責備。從句中的謂語虛擬形式為：主語+would(had)rather,would(just)assoon,wouldsooner+(that)+從句主語+動詞過去式—表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?動詞過去完成式—表示與過去事實相反--Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.――IcouldgomyselfbutIwouldsooneryouwent.(我自己也能去，但我寧愿你去。)絕對答案詞匯400(單選、完型)A---開頭的答案詞匯(39個)arouse/ariseadjust/adopt/adaptaccountforhaveaccesstohaveinsightintobeabsorbedin

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asidefrom/apartfromassembleassociatewithassuresbattachimportancetoattempttodoattendtotouristattractionattitudeto/towardattributetoavailableavoiddoingheisawake/wakeupbeawareof293031323334353637383940414243awkward/clumsy中譯英必備句型60（1-13）1、老實說。。。/不用說。。。/更不用說。。。/更糟糕的是。。。Totellthetruth,Idon'tagreetoyourplan.Needlesstosay,Iwillsupportyourproposal.HecannotspeakEnglish,tosaynothingofFrench.Heisstupid.Tomakematterworse,herefusestoworkhard.2、與??有關(guān)/與??頗有關(guān)系/與??幾乎無關(guān)/于—無關(guān)Thisweatherhasnothingtodowithyourillness.One'sfuturehasmuchtodowithone'seffort.Thisbusinesshassomethingtodowiththegeneralmanager.Hissuccesshaslittlewiththegoodluck.3、過去做某事usedtodo4、夢想做??dreamofdoingsth5、總是做某事keepdoingsth6、倘若讓我來做??ifitwerelefttometodo7、要不是??Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp,Iwouldhavefoundmyselfintrouble.Butfor/withouthishelp,??8、顯然/顯而易見itisobvious/apparentthat9、很可能itismostlikelythat10、 當談?wù)摰?whenitcomesto/speakingof11、 有證據(jù)表明??thereisevidencethat12、看，聽，感覺（see,notice,hear,feel【1】關(guān)于when的一個特殊用法，用來表示突然發(fā)生的事情，具有“正當??的時候，突然”的意思。Iwaswalkinghomewhenitbegantorain.Iwasabouttogotosleepwhentherewasaknockonthewindow.【2】Before的兩個句型1） notlong+before二不久就2）時間/次數(shù)+before= （之后）才Itwasn'tlongbeforehetolduseverything.他不久就把事情都告訴了我們。Wehadn'twaitedlongbeforehecame.我們沒等多久他就來了。Itwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforwork.他幾個月后才能上班。Iknockedthreetimesbeforesheopenedthedoor.我敲了三次門她才把門打開。3】Themoment,theinstant,thesecond,immediately,directly這些詞語有時可以引出一個時間狀語，它們的意思和assoonas差不多。IrecognizedyouthemomentIsawyou。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve?！?】當我們談?wù)摦斍罢谶M行，而以后某一時間將停止的事情或情況時，用until或till（直到……時為止。Till多用于口語，在句首時要用until。Pleasewaituntil/tillIcome。Peopledon'tknowthevalueofhealthuntiltheyloseit。UntilIseeTomIcan'tsaydefinitely。Notuntil經(jīng)常連在一起用，它只可以放在句首，或用于強調(diào)句型。Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.Itwasnotuntilthechildfellasleepthatthemotherlefttheroom.【5】Hardly/scarcely?when*nosooner…than這兩個句型的意思一樣。注意：主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。如果將其中的否定詞用于句首，主語和動詞要倒裝。Ihadhardly/scarcelysatdownwhenhesteppedin.Hardly/scarcelyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.Wehadnosoonersetoutthanastormbroke.Nosoonerhadwesetoutthanastormbroke.【6】Inthat有限定的意味，意味著由于某一方面的原因二forthereasonthat理論之所以有價值，在于他能給實踐指出方向。Theoryisvaluableinthatitcanprovideadirectionforpractice.【7】So+形容詞或副詞+that引導的狀語從句表示結(jié)果，有時候我們可以把so連同形容詞或副詞移到句首，這是它后面的主語和動詞要倒裝。ThecoffeeissohotthatIcannotdrinkit.ThewalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.SotiredwasIthatIcouldhardlykeepmyeyesopen.【8】Such+不定冠詞+名次+that引導的狀語從句表示結(jié)果。Hewasinsuchahurrythatheforgothishat.Itwassuchafoggydaythatwecouldhardlyseetheroad.【9】Forfearthat/lest都有“唯恐”，“免得”等意思，從句中的動詞常常和should連用。Heisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfail.Shutthewindowforfearthatitshouldrain.Bequietlestyoushouldwakethebaby.【10】Unless常用于否定句中，意思是if not（除非 否則就不）Iwon'twriteunlesshewritesfirst.=ifhedoesn'twritefirstYouwillfailunlessyouworkhard.=ifyoudo'ntworkhard.【11】Provided/providing,as/solongas/onconditionthat含義大體上一樣，表示：倘若，只要Iwilllendyouthemoney,providingyoupayitbackintwoweeks.Youcangooutaslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore10'oclock.【12】incase（以防）可以在談?wù)擃A(yù)防措施時用，它之后可跟should，表示事情發(fā)生的可能性較小。You'dbettertakewarmclothesincaseitgetscold.Keepthewindowclosedincaseitrains/shouldrain.IncaseofInthecaseofIncase還可以表示“萬一”偶然情況。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeofit.IncaseyouneedanymoneyIcanlendyousome.【13】Eventhough/evenif含義相同，語氣比though/although更強，常翻譯成“即使”，“縱使”Eventhoughitwascold,Iwentswimm