醫(yī)學(xué)英語教程-生物醫(yī)學(xué)：Listening Unit 2

MedicalEnglish:

Watching,ListeningandSpeakingUnit2AimsTounderstandsomethingabout"drugsafety";Tounderstandthelisteningmaterialsrelatedtothetopic;Tomasterthefrequentlyusedwordsandexpressions,esp.themedicalterms,inthisunit.ContentsWarmingupMedicalTermsIntensiveListeningBackgroundInformationNewWordsandExpressionsSpecialTermsListeningExercisesExtensiveListeningOralPracticeWarmingup:

Watchthevideo,andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatproblemismentionedinthevideo?Whatisthedangerofdoingso?Nowanswerthequestions.Whatproblemismentionedinthevideo?Collegestudentsusestimulantdrugsparticularlyforacademicreasons.Whatisthedangerofdoingso?Itmightcausedangeroussideeffectsforhealthycollegestudents.MT:PrefixesandSuffixesRelatedtotheSystemsandOrgansoftheBody(1)名稱通用名前（后）綴示例血bloodhemo-/hemato-hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/cerebrovascular靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-myology/myositis/myocarditisMT:PrefixesandSuffixesRelatedtotheSystemsandOrgansoftheBody(2)名稱通用名前（后）綴示例髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng)nerveneur-/neuro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細(xì)胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital體bodysomato-/-somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosomeIL:BackgroundInformation(1)1)humandrugtrials人體藥物試驗(yàn)

Humandrugtrialsaretheexperimentaltestsusinghumansassubjectsaimedatmeasuringtheeffectsofcertaindrugs.2)leukemia

白血病

Leukemiais

anyofseveraltypesofcancersthataffectbloodcells,includingoxygen-carryingredcells,certaininfection-fightingwhitecells,andplatelets.leukemia

白血病leuk(o)-:白leukocyte白細(xì)胞leukocytosis白細(xì)胞增多hyperleukocytosis白細(xì)胞過多l(xiāng)eukorrhea白帶-emia:血液癥狀anemia貧血hyperemia充血hyperoxemia高氧血癥hypoxemia低氧血癥合成形容詞1oxygen-carrying

infection-fighting

man-eatinglabor-savingrecord-breakingdisease-causingpus-forming載氧的抗感染的吃人的省力的破紀(jì)錄的致病的生膿的IL:BackgroundInformation(2)3)malaria瘧疾

Malariaisthedebilitatinginfectiousdiseasecharacterizedbychills,shaking,andperiodicboutsofintensefever.Causedbysingle-celledparasitesofthegenusPlasmodium,malariaistransmittedfrompersontopersonbythebiteoffemalemosquitoes.MalariaProtozoansLifeCircleofMalaria

Protozoans合成形容詞2single-celledbow-leggedbroken-heartedgrey-hairedcold-bloodedshort-sightedleft-handedmuddle-headed單細(xì)胞的弓形腿的心碎的頭發(fā)灰白的冷血的近視的慣用左手的糊里糊涂的IL:BackgroundInformation(3)artemisinin

青蒿素

Artemisininisadrugusedtotreatmulti-drugresistantstrainsoffalciparummalaria.Thecompound(asesquiterpene

lactone)isisolatedfromtheshrubArtemisiaannualongusedintraditionalChinesemedicine.Itcanbesynthesizedfromartemisinicacid.IL:BackgroundInformation(4)ambien安必恩

Ambienisaprescriptiondrugusedfortheshort-termtreatmentofinsomnia.Itworksquickly(usuallywithin15minutes)andhasashorthalf-life(2-3hours).IL:NewWordsandExpressionscounterfeit adj.偽造的,假冒的；vt.偽造,假冒counterfeitmedicine

假藥counterfeitcurrency

假幣假花artificialflower假牙falsetooth假唱lip-synch假酒adulteratedwine假愛國主義fakepatriotism假性近視pseudomyopiaIL:SpecialTerms1.ParexelInternational

全球最大的生物制藥服務(wù)公司之一PAREXELInternationalCorporationisaleadingglobalbio/pharmaceuticalservicesorganization,providingabroadrangeofknowledge-basedcontractresearch,medicalmarketingandconsultingservicestotheworldwidepharmaceutical,biotechnologyandmedicaldeviceindustries.Committedtoprovidingsolutionsthatexpeditetime-to-marketandpeak-marketpenetration,PAREXELhasdevelopedsignificantexpertiseacrossthedevelopmentandcommercializationcontinuum,fromdrugdevelopmentandregulatoryconsultingtoclinicalpharmacology,clinicaltrialsmanagement,medicaleducationandreimbursement.HeadquarterednearBoston,Massachusetts,PAREXELoperatesin55locationsthroughout43countriesaroundtheworld.IL:SpecialTerms2.WorldHealthOrganization

(WHO)

世界衛(wèi)生組織WHOisthespecializedagencyoftheUnitedNations,establishedin1948,withheadquartersinGeneva.Accordingtoitsconstitutionitis“thedirectingandcoordinatingauthorityoninternationalhealthwork”andisresponsibleforhelpingallpeoplestoattain“thehighestpossiblelevelsofhealth.”IL:SpecialTerms3.TheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration

美國食品與藥品管理局ItistheagencyoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.AsapartofthePublicHealthService,theFDAensuresthatfoodsarepureandwholesomeandproducedundersanitaryconditions;thatdrugsandtherapeuticdevicesaresafeandeffectivefortheirintendeduses;thatcosmeticsaresafeandmadefromappropriateingredients;andthatlabelsandpackagingofproductsaretruthful,informative,andnotdeceptive.TheFDAalsoensuresproperlabelingandsafetyofchemicalproducts,toys,andotherarticlesusedinthehome.IL:SpecialTerms4.RhodeIsland

羅德島

ItisastateinthenortheasternUnitedStates,inNewEngland,officiallytheStateofRhodeIslandandProvidencePlantations.OnMay4,1776,RhodeIslandbecamethefirstofthe13originalcoloniestodeclareitsindependencefromGreatBritain.However,itwasthelastofthe13coloniestoratifytheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,doingsoonMay29,1790.ThesmalleststateintheUnion,itis,afterNewJersey,thesecondmostdenselypopulatedandoneofthemosthighlyindustrialized.Itsnameisaparadox,sincemostofthestateispartoftheNorthAmericanmainland.ThenameRhodeIslandistheofficialnameofthelargestislandofNarragansettBay,anestuarythatextendsthroughtheeasternpartofthestate.OnmostmapsoftheUnitedStates,thestateappearssosmallthatitisdifficulttoidentify,butitsinfluenceismorewidelyfeltthanitstinysizewouldwarrant.ProvidenceisRhodeIsland’scapitalanditslargestcity.IL:SpecialTermsAudio1TakingCarewithMedicine1.ListentothepassageandanswertheTorFQuestions.1)Itisnotdifficultforhighlytrainedmedicalprofessionalstoidentifycounterfeitmedicines.2)Counterfeitmedicinesmaydolittlegood,buttheyarenotharmfultothepatients.3)Itisbelievedthatindevelopingcountries,aquarterormoreofthemedicinesarecounterfeit.4)Recently,sixmendiedofseverereactionstoanexperimentaldrugforleukemia.TFFFAudio1TakingCarewithMedicine5)Humantrialsofnewmedicinescanbedangeroustothepeopleinvolved.6)Disease-causingorganismswillbecomeresistanttodrugsonlywhenthemedicinesarenottakencorrectly.7)Expertsadvisemalariapatientstotakethemedicineartemisininalone,fortakingitwithothermalariadrugswillquickenthedevelopmentofresistance.FTF2.Listentothepassageagainandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.

Oneproblemiscounterfeitmedicines.Thesecanbedifficultevenforhighlytrainedmedicalprofessionalstoidentify.Counterfeitdrugsaremadeto1)____________________________________whosenamestheyaresoldunder.Buttheydolittleornogood,andinsomecasesmightbeharmful.Patientsalso2)_____________________________________TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysanestimatedtenpercentofthedrugssoldworldwidearecounterfeit.Indevelopingcountries,however,twenty-fivepercentormoreofthemedicinestakenarebelievedtobecounterfeit.Itisdifficultto3)_______________________________________.ButmanyexpertsbelievecriminalsinIndiaandChinaareinvolved.TheW.H.O.hascreatedagroupto4)_______________________________ofmedicinesindevelopingcountries.lookandfeelliketherealmedicinesmissthechancetotaketherealmedicinesidentifywhomakesthesedrugsorwherebetterenforcethesafetyandquality2.Listentothepassageagainandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.

Onewaythatdrugmakersshowgovernmentagenciesthat5)__________________________________isthroughhumantrials.Yetthesecansometimespresentgreatriskstothepeopleinvolved.Recently,sixmeninLondon6)_______________________duringtestsofanexperimentaldrug.Theydevelopedseverereactionswithinminutesofbeinginjectedwithadrugforleukemiaandotherdiseases.TheAmericandrugresearchcompanyParexelInternationalsays7)__________________________________.TheBritishgovernmenthasformedacommitteetoconsiderstrongerrulesforhumandrugtrials.Publicinterestgroupsarguethatmanydrugcompanies8)___________________intestingnewmedicines.Yetthesafetyandeffectivenessofanydrugcanalsodependonhowitisused.newmedicinesaresafeandeffectivecameclosetodyingthereactionwasunusualandraretaketoomanyrisks2.Listentothepassageagainandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.

Disease-causingorganismscanbecomeresistanttodrugs,especiallyifthemedicinesarenottakencorrectly.TheW.H.O.haswarnedofsuchathreatto9)_____________________________formalaria.Theagencyistryingtopressuredrugcompaniesonlytosellartemisininincombinationwithothermalariadrugs.Expertssaytakingitalonewillonly10)_______________________________________________.Somecompanieshaveagreedtostopsellingitalone,butothershavenot.

whatisnowthemosteffectivedrugspeedupthedevelopmentofresistanceIL:Audio1TakingCarewithMedicine1.TorFQuestions1)F2)F3)T4)F5)T6)F7)F2.Spotdictation1)lookandfeelliketherealmedicines2)missthechancetotaketherealmedicines3)identifywhomakesthesedrugsorwhere4)betterenforcethesafetyandquality5)newmedicinesaresafeandeffective6)cameclosetodying7)thereactionwasunusualandrare8)taketoomanyrisks9)whatisnowthemosteffectivedrug10)speedupthedevelopmentofresistanceIL:Audio2SomeSleepDrugsMayDoMorethanMakeYouSleep1.ListentothepassageandanswertheTorFQuestions.1)FDAhasorderedthemakersofsomesleepdisorderdrugstoexplainhowtousethesedrugssafely.2)Patientstakingthesesleeppillsmaydriveorwalkinsleepandlaterhaveclearmemoryofdoingit.3)Mr.Kennedyhurthimselfwhilesleepdrivingaftertakingsomesleeppills4)Thesesideeffectsofsleepdisorderdrugsarefairlycommonincidents.5)Theactualnumberoftheseincidentsmaybemorethanreported.6)FDArecommendspeopletotakethesesleepdisorderdrugswithalcoholinordertoreducethesideeffects.FTFFFTIL:Audio2SomeSleepDrugsMayDoMorethanMakeYouSleepFDAorderedcompaniesto1)__________________________onthirteendrugsthat2)______________________,orderedthemakersto3)_____________________________explaining4)__________________.Dangerouseffectsofthesedrugsinclude:5)______________________________________;6)__________________________________includingpeople7)____________________________________________whileasleep,but8)__________________________________________.Mostreportedincidentsare9)___________________and_________________.Howtoreducethesesideeffects:10)_____________________________;11)__________________________________________.placestrongnewwarningstreatsleepdisordersprovideinformationforpatientshowtosafelyusethedrugslife-threateningallergicreactionsrareincidentsofstrangebehaviorcookingfood,eatingandevendrivinglaterhavingnomemoryofdoingtheseactivitiessleep-drivingsleep-walkingtakethedrugsasdirecteddonotdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthedrugsIL:Audio2SomeSleepDrugsMayDoMorethanMakeYouSleep1.TorFQuestions1)T2)F3)F4)F5)T6)F2.Note-taking1)placestrongnewwarnings2)treatsleepdisorders3)provideinformationforpatients4)howtosafelyusethedrugs5)life-threateningallergicreactions6)rareincidentsofstrangebehavior7)cookingfood,eatingandevendriving8)laterhavingnomemoryofdoingtheseactivities9)sleep-drivingandsleep-walking10)takethedrugsasdirected11)donotdrinkalcoholwhiletakingthedrugsEL:Video1AreYouGuardingAgainstDrugInteractions?Watchthevideoclipandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords.1)medicinescanreactwithotherthingswetakeintoourbodies2)leadtodecreasedeffectivenessforonedrugoranother3)thatresponsecanbealteredbyanotherdrug4)keepalloftheirhealthprofessionalswellinformed5)keepawrittenlistofwhatmedicinesyou'retaking6)takeadvantageofinformationoftenprovidedatthedrugstore7)providethepatientwithsomebasicinformation8)ifthey'reexposedtobrightsunlight9)whatthemorecommonsideeffectsmightbe10)beingmindfulofhowthesechemicalsmayinteractAssignment

Endocarditis（心內(nèi)膜炎）

Script(1/4):Patient’smother:Temperatureis102.Dr.Greene:Doesthathurt?Patient:Yeah.Dr.Greene:Hasanyoneinyourfamilybeensickrecently?Patient’smother:No,we’veallbeenfine.Dr.Greene:Yourdaughterhasaveryfaintheartmurmur.Isthatright?Patient’smother:Yeah,sincebirth.Buttheycallitinnocentmurmurnotsupposedtobedangerous.Role-playthissectionwithyourpartnersEL:Video2

Endocarditis（心內(nèi)膜炎）Script(2/4):Dr.Greene:No,it’sfine,Mrs.Lafferty.Joanie’sprobablygottheflu.She’sdehydrated,soI’dliketostartheronfluids.Ithinkit’sbestifwegetaspinaltaptoruleoutmeningitis.Patient’smother:Spinaltapisserious,isn’tit?Dr.Greene:Wehopetoruleoutanythingserious.Patient:Whataretheygonnado,mom?Dr.Greene:We’regonnahelpyoubetter.That'swhat.Berightback.WestartanIV,saline,100cc’sperhour.GetaCBC,Chem-7andprepforanLP.Nurse:Yougotit.EL:Video2

Endocarditis（心內(nèi)膜炎）Dr.Greene:Theresultofspinaltapisnegative,sowecanruleoutmeningitis.Murmurisalittlelouder,3over6.Nurse:BP’s80over50,butherpulseis120,resp36.Dr.Greene:CanIseeyourhand?Theyareverypretty.YouknowIhaveadaughteraboutyourageandherfavoritecolorispink.Unfortunately,

wearegoingtohavetotakeitoffsowecanlookatyournails,okay?Findsomeacetoneandtakeoffthenailpolish.Mrs.Lafferty,canIpleasespeaktoyouforaminute?Patient’smother:Isitherheart?Isitsaidthemurmurwasn'tdangerous?EL:Video2

Endocarditis（心內(nèi)膜炎）Dr.Greene:WeneedtodomorebloodworkandgetachestX-ray.Itcouldbepneumoniaorpossiblyearlyheartfailure.Patient’smother:Oh,myGod.Dr.Greene:Hasyourdaughterhadanyotherinjuriesrecently?Anymedicalordentalwork?Patient’smother:Shewenttothedentisttwoweeksago.Hadherteethcleaned.Dr.Greene:Shecouldhavewhatiscalledendocarditis.Bacteriaspreadsinthebloodstreamandcausesaninfectionaroundtheheartvalves.Itcanbetreatedwithantibiotics.OP:TopicsforDiscussionDrugsplayanimportantroleintreatingillnessandsavinglives.Yetalldrugshavesideeffectsandmultiplemedicationsmayturnatolerablesideeffectintoasignificantone.Misuseoroveruseofdrugsmayresultingraveconsequences,evendeaths.Therefore,inordertominimizethedangerofdrugs,weshouldbecarefulinchoosingmedications,adoptappropriatestorageandpreservationmethods,bewellinformedofdruginteractions.Andalwaysremembertotakemedicationonlywhennecessary.OP:TopicsforDiscussion1)Haveyoueversufferedfromserioussideeffectsofdrugs?Whathaveyoulearnedfrom

them?2)Whatdoyouthinkwecandotoguaranteesafeuseofdrugsandguardagainstsevere

sideeffects?3)Whydoyouthinkdrugsinourcountryareoftentooexpensiveforcommonpeople?What

canbedonetomakedrugsaffordabletoallpeople?OP:Foryourreference1)

Whiledrugsareindispensableintreatingandcuringillnesses,allofthemhavesideeffectswhichshouldbecarefullynotedandguardedagainst.2)

Beforeusinganymedication,itisamusttoreadindetailitsindicationsandadverseeffectswrittenontheinstructions.Andtakespecialcaretonotethepossibleinteractionswithothermedications.Andbemindfuloftheexpirydateofthedrug.3)

Forprescribeddrugs,takethemunderstrictguidanceofthedoctors.Andforover-the-counterdrugs,readtheinstructionscarefullytomakesurewhetheritisthemedicationforyourconditions.Anddonotuseanydruginexcess.OP:Foryourreference4)

China’sgovernmenthaslaunchedcampaignstoscrutinizethecountry's