英語名師講練大一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請(qǐng)按住Ctrl,滑動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists(限時(shí)35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAbiologistoncecriticizedforstealingeggsfromthenestsoftherarestbirdintheworldhasbeenawardedthe“NobelPrize”ofconservationafterhismethodssavedninespeciesfromextinction.ProfessorCarlJoneswonthe2016IndianapolisPrize—thehighestaccoladeinthefieldofanimalconservation—forhis40yearsofworkinMauritius,wherehesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombeingthenextGreatAuk.Whenthe61yearoldfirsttravelledtotheeastAfricanislandinthe1970s,hewastoldtoclosedownaprojecttosavetheMauritiuskestrel.Atthetimetherewerejustfourleftinthewild,makingittherarestbirdonEarth.However,hestayed,usingthetechniquesofcaptivebreeding(人工繁殖),whichinvolvedsnatchingeggsfromthebirds’nestsandhatching(孵化)themunderincubators,promptingthemotherstolayanothersetofeggsinthewild.Adecadelater,thenumberofMauritiuskestrelshadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.Thebiologisthasalsobeennecessaryineffortstobringotherrarespeciesbackfromtheedgeofextinction,includingthepinkpigeon,echoparakeetandRodrigueswarbler.Prof.Joneswasawardedthe$250,000(￡172,000)prizeataceremonyinLondon.“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”reflectingonthestartofhiscareer,hesaidtheMauritiuskestrelprojecthadbeenseenasa“deadloss”atthetime.Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.Prof.Joneshasdevotedhiswholelifetohiswork,onlybeingafatherforthefirsttimeeightyearsago,at53.Hesaidreceivingtheprizewasparticularlyimportanttohim,becauseitprovedthathisworktosavebirdswasright.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了生物學(xué)家CarlJones通過人工繁殖的方式使瀕臨滅絕的鳥類的數(shù)量逐漸增加,并且因此獲得了2016年的印第安納波利斯獎(jiǎng)。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accolade”meaninParagraph2?A.Return.B.Level.C.Honor.D.Research.【解析】選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。由于破折號(hào)后面的句子是對(duì)前面句子的補(bǔ)充說明,故由“wonthe2016IndianapolisPrize”可推知,這里的“accolade”與獲獎(jiǎng)有關(guān),所以C項(xiàng)“榮譽(yù)”符合題意。2.Accordingtothepassage,GreatAukis______.

A.anendangeredbirdB.anextinctbirdC.apopularbirdD.afiercebird【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句中的“hesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombeingthenextGreatAuk.”可知,他拯救了瀕臨滅絕的紅隼,使它免于遭受GreatAuk的情況,所以推測(cè),GreatAuk是已經(jīng)滅絕的一種鳥類。故選B。3.WhatcanweknowfromthefiguresinParagraph4?A.Takingeggsfromthenestshasworkedwell.B.Thewildenvironmentforkestrelhaschangedalot.C.Kestrelhasadaptedtothelifeinthewild.D.It’sdifficulttoprotectkestrel.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句中的“...hadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.”可知,紅隼的數(shù)量已經(jīng)開始增加了,所以可推斷人工繁殖的方法很有效,與第三段中的“人工繁殖”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A。4.Prof.Jones’ideaoftakingeggsfromthebirds’nests______.

A.wasprovedofnouseB.waswidelyacceptedC.waspromotedofficiallyD.wascriticizedbysomepeople【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句中的“Abiologistoncecriticized...therarestbird”及文章倒數(shù)第二段“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”和最后一句中的“Inthe1970stherewas...thattheyweretoorisky...”可知瓊斯教授從稀有鳥類的巢穴中取出鳥蛋的行為被一些人批評(píng)。故選D。【知識(shí)拓展】佳詞積累1.criticizevt.批評(píng)2.conservation n.保護(hù)3.tension n.緊張4.opposition n.反對(duì)5.captive adj.被監(jiān)禁的;被困住的6.breed vt.飼養(yǎng);培育7.emphasis n.重要性長(zhǎng)難句分析Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.分析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。本句是therebe句型,arguing后是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。譯文:在20世紀(jì)七十年代,有人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)人工繁殖的方法,批評(píng)家們爭(zhēng)論說:這些方法有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不重視在野外的繁殖。(2020·桂林模擬)StudyingtheDNAof300micehasflaggedupgeneswhichhavebeenlinkedtohereditary(遺傳的)sightlossforthefirsttime.Researcherssaybecausemice’sgenesaresosimilartohumans’,theirfindingscouldleadtothetreatmentofmoregeneticdiseases.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davisstudiedinformationfromadatabankofmice’sgeneticmaterial.Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.Onlyaround50to75percentofhereditaryeyediseasesinhumancanbeexplainedwithpresentscience.Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25—50percent.“Thisisextremelyvaluableforpeoplewithhereditaryeyedisease,”saidresearcherProfessorAlaMoshiri.“Allresearchersaregoingtostartusingthesedata.Inthepast,weknewtheproblemwastherebutwedidn’tknowwheretolook.Noweyecenterscancallbackpatientsandscreenthemforthesenewgenes.Weexpectedthatmoreandmoreofthesegeneticdiseaseswillbetreatable.”Also,thefactisthatmorethan60percentofeyeproblemsatbirthareonesresultingfromthebaby’sparents!ThankstodatafromtheInternationalMousePhenotypingConsortium(IMPC),whichistryingtoworkoutwhateverysinglegeneinamouseisresponsiblefor,withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans,scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofblindness.Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.Thishassofarbeendonemorethan7,000timesandhasachievedgreatsuccess.ResearchersarenowworkingalongsideeyecarecentersinTexasandIowainordertoparethemice’sgenestothoseofpatients.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的科學(xué)家們對(duì)小白鼠數(shù)百種的新基因進(jìn)行了研究。研究的成果是解釋人類遺傳性眼病的關(guān)鍵。1.Howmanyhereditarysightlossrelatedgeneswerenewlyfound?A.86.B.261.C.300.D.347.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.可知,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)347個(gè)基因與眼睛問題有關(guān),其中只有86個(gè)基因在過去被研究過。即新發(fā)現(xiàn)與遺傳性失明相關(guān)的基因有:34786=261個(gè),故選B。2.WhyisthepercentageofgeneticeyeproblemsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Toshowthesignificanceofstudyingmice’sgenes.B.Toprovemice’sgenesaresimilartohumans’.C.Towarnthehighrisklevelofsufferingthem.D.Toexplainhowmontheyareamongpeople.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother2550percent.可知,研究人員認(rèn)為,在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)百種新基因可能是解釋這一現(xiàn)象的關(guān)鍵,因此能夠治療另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遺傳性眼睛問題的百分比是為了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。故選A。3.Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretsofgeneticblindness?A.parehumans’geneswithmice’s.B.Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans.C.Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.D.Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.可知,科學(xué)家們一次將一個(gè)基因從其他基因中分離出來,然后觀察它在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)老鼠有什么影響。即為了解開基因性失明的秘密,科學(xué)家首先應(yīng)該每次從老鼠身上分離出一個(gè)基因。故選C。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewWaystoCureSightLoss.B.GenesFoundBehindEyeProblems.C.GeneticDiseasesDiscoveredinMice.D.Humans’GenesCausingEyeDiseases.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容:科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)在小白鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)百種新基因可能是解釋人類遺傳性眼部疾病的關(guān)鍵。故選B?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累1.flagup引起……的注意2.genetic adj.基因的3.treatable adj.可治療的長(zhǎng)難句分析Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother2550percent.分析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。謂語動(dòng)詞believe后接賓語從句,省略了that。譯文:研究人員認(rèn)為,在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)百種新基因可能是解釋這一現(xiàn)象的關(guān)鍵,因此能夠治療另外25%至50%的疾病。B導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)Hackingisn’tjustforputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocessbychangingtheplant’sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyield(產(chǎn)量)mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種通過破解植物基因使其更快地利用陽光的方法,這種方法對(duì)提高糧食產(chǎn)量是一個(gè)重大突破。5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.B.Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.C.Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.D.Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.”可知,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種破解植物基因的方法,可以使植物更快地利用陽光,由此可知,植物的基因可以通過破解來改變,故B項(xiàng)正確。6.Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?A.Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.B.Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.C.Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.D.Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes”可知,科學(xué)家在研究中選擇使用煙草植物是因?yàn)樗鼈兊幕蚝苋菀赘淖?故B項(xiàng)正確。7.Whatdoweknowaboutphotosynthesis?A.Ithelpsplantstoproduceenergy.B.Itisregardedasaproductivesystemforplants.C.Itcanincreaseleafgrowthonplantsby14percent.D.Itismadeupofsunlight,waterandcarbondioxide.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.”可知,光合作用這個(gè)詞用來描述植物如何利用陽光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物,由此可知,光合作用能幫助植物產(chǎn)生能量,故A項(xiàng)正確。8.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved______.

A.useless B.deadlyC.effective D.unrealistic【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知,結(jié)果,科學(xué)家在研究中使用的植物葉片生長(zhǎng)量增加了,由此可知,改變植物基因的方法證明是有效的,故C項(xiàng)正確。9.WhatisTalaAwanda’sattitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Neutral.C.Objective. D.Critical.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...thestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyieldmightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,‘thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.’”可知,Awanda說這個(gè)研究很有意義,但她警告說對(duì)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物來說,產(chǎn)量可能不會(huì)那么高,最后她還說不管怎樣,這項(xiàng)研究仍是一個(gè)突破,由此可知Awanda對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究持客觀態(tài)度,故C項(xiàng)正確?！局R(shí)拓展】佳詞積累1.processn.過程2.protectiveadj.保護(hù)的;防護(hù)的3.conventionaladj.依照慣例的;傳統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)難句分析AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyieldmightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.分析:本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。AgricultureprofessorTalaAwanda是從句的主語,said是謂語,其后是賓語從句,but是并列連詞,連接了said和cautioned。譯文:農(nóng)業(yè)教授TalaAwanda說這項(xiàng)研究非常有意義,但是警告說對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的糧食作物來說,產(chǎn)量可能不是那么高。Ⅱ.閱讀填句FilmsandputergamesInjustafewdecadesthegamingindustryhasbeemuchbiggerthanthefilmbusiness.Whatiscalled“interactiveentertainment”makesmoremoneythanHollywoodcinema.Isthereanywayofmakingfilmsmoreappealingtopeoplewholiketoplayputergames?Makingafilmoutofabestsellingputergamecanguaranteealargeaudience.1Nowadaysfilmsaremadewithsimilarones.Theyhaveattractiveactionscenesrelyingonfantasyeffectsaswell.Gamingmarketsconsistofsciencefictiongames,andfilmmakershavealsosetfilmsinsciencefictionworlds.2Anyattempttoborrowmorethanthesettingfromagameiscertaintofail.

Whydogamersfeeldisappointedbyfilmsbasedontheirfavoritegames?Oneofthereasonsistechnical.Noweverythingcanbeputerproduced.3However,filmingascenefrom20differentcameraswouldcostafortune,soitsimplyisn’tdoneinthefilmversion—leavingthegamersfeelingthatthefilmdidn’tlookasrealastheputergame.

4Inafilmthedirectordoesn’tshowyousomethingstokeepyouhavethefeelingofexcitementoranxiety.Forexample,youwouldn’tbeinterestedinwatchingthefilmifyouknewtheidentityofthemurderer.Butthisisnottrueforputergames.Whenyouplayagame,youhavetodocertaintaskstocontinuetothenewlevel.5Youarealwaysincontrolasaplayer,whileinthecinemayounevercontroltheaction.Youjustsitandwatch.

Therecanbesomeinteractionbetweenfilmsandputergamesondifferentlevels.Forallthesimilaritiesbetweentechnologiesandspecialeffects,weshouldn’tforgetthatastoryandagamearefundamentallydifferent.A.Camerasmatterinanothersense,too.B.Thesuccessofagameusuallyliesintheuseofspecialeffects.C.Youcan’tinfluencewhathappensatallintheputergames.D.putergamesmayshowtheactionfromanumberofviewseasily.E.Thegamehasagoodchanceofbeingassuccessfulasthefilmonwhichitisbased.F.Youmustbeabletohaveaccesstoalltheinformationinordertodecidewhattodonext.G.However,thedifficultyforfilmproducersappearstobeknowingwhereandwhentostop.【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。介紹游戲產(chǎn)業(yè)可能會(huì)取代電影產(chǎn)業(yè)以及其背后的原因,同時(shí)還對(duì)電影和游戲進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。1.【解析】選B。根據(jù)后文Nowadaysfilmsaremadewithsimilarones.Theyhaveattractiveactionscenesrelyingonfantasyeffectsaswell.可知,如今制作電影也使用了類似的特效,最終呈現(xiàn)吸引人眼球的動(dòng)作場(chǎng)景。根據(jù)后文的similarones可知,電影和游戲使用類似的特效來保證動(dòng)作場(chǎng)景的美觀,B選項(xiàng)“一部游戲的成功通常在于特效的使用”切題,故選B。2.【解析】選G。根據(jù)后一句Anyattempttoborrowmorethanthesettingfromagameiscertaintofail.可知,任何企圖借鑒游戲背景之外的東西注定是要失敗的。G選項(xiàng)“但是,電影制作人的困難在于知道借鑒游戲到什么程度,借鑒哪些方面”,與后文,“如果全盤借鑒注定失敗”,意思一致,故選G。3.【解析】選D。根據(jù)后一句However,filmingascenefrom20differentcameraswouldcostafortune,soitsimplyisn’tdoneinthefilmversion—leavingthegamersfeelingthatthefilmdidn’tlookasrealastheputergame.可知,用20臺(tái)攝像機(jī)拍攝一個(gè)場(chǎng)景會(huì)很花錢,通常在拍攝電影中是無法做到的,因此會(huì)讓游戲玩家感覺電影沒有游戲場(chǎng)景逼真。D選項(xiàng),“游戲可以從不同的角度來展示一個(gè)場(chǎng)景”切題,故選D。4.【解析】選A。根據(jù)后一句Ina