英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解

1/1英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解

Waitingisapain.Forgetalsoapain.Butdonotknowhowtodo,isamoreexcruciatingpain.以下是我為大家搜尋整理的英語TEM專八考試閱讀試題及答案詳解，盼望能給大家?guī)黻P(guān)心!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!

TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,postureandpressureapparentlymayarisethroughactivationofthesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitation:itisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,Braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogenousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.Upuntil1950,effortstoestablishthatbrainprocessesandmentalexperiencearerelatedwouldmostlikelyhavebeenmetwith

[A]vexation[B]irritability[C]discouragement[D]neutrality

2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”primarilyinordertoemphasizethe

[A]lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings.

[B]similaritiesintheviewsofthescientists.

[C]similarityofsensationsofhumanbeings.

[D]continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem.

3.Whichofthefollowingtheoriesisreinforcedbythedepictionoftheexperimentinlines16—19?

[A]Cognitiveexperiencemanifestedbysensorynerveimpulsesareinfluencedbytheareaofthebrainstimulated.

[B]Qualitativediversityinnervepotentialscannowbestudiedmoreaccurately.

[C]Sensorystimuliareheterogeneousandaregreatlyinfluencedbythenervesensorstheyproduce.

[D]Differentiationinneuralmodalitiesinfluencesthelengthofnervetransmissions.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?

[A]Nervecells.[B]Nerveimpulses.

[C]Corticalareas.[C]Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses.

答案詳解：

1.C.令人絕望。答案見文章的第一句話“到了1950年，大腦活動(dòng)過程和精神感受有關(guān)系的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果看起來令人懊喪?！?/p>

A.令人惱火。B.激怒。D.中立。均不對(duì)。

2.A.在人的神經(jīng)脈沖中缺少變異(差別)。Commoncurrency本義是一般通用。這里的上下問打算了它的含義“無變異脈沖(一般脈沖)”。其次段“雖然神經(jīng)能量中的`質(zhì)變理論從沒有受到嚴(yán)峻的駁斥，但這一學(xué)說被普遍放棄，而贊成其對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn);那就是：神經(jīng)脈沖在質(zhì)量沙鍋內(nèi)基本相像，并作為無變異脈沖(一般脈沖)經(jīng)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傳送。”所以一般脈沖就是指神經(jīng)脈沖無變異，在質(zhì)量上基本相像。

B.科學(xué)家觀點(diǎn)上的相像性。C.人類感覺相像性。D.神經(jīng)脈沖連續(xù)不斷通過神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。這三項(xiàng)和commoncurrency無關(guān)。

3.A.受刺激的大腦部位影響感覺神經(jīng)脈沖所顯示的認(rèn)知感受。在其次道題譯文下面“依據(jù)這一理論，不是感覺神經(jīng)脈沖的質(zhì)量打算它們所產(chǎn)生的各種有意識(shí)的感覺。而是由脈沖在大腦中釋放的不同部位打算，并且有證據(jù)證明這一論點(diǎn)?！币婋y句譯注3。

B.現(xiàn)在對(duì)神經(jīng)潛力的質(zhì)量變化可以進(jìn)行更精彩的討論。C.感官刺激是異源的，并深受它們所