Unit1Unit3重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解知識(shí)清單高中英語(yǔ)北師大版

高中英語(yǔ)必修一重點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解Unit1LIFECHOICES【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalk1.I’manewseniorsecondaryschoolstudent.Seniorsecondaryschool(英式英語(yǔ))；seniorhighschool（美式英語(yǔ)）2.BeingadoctormeansIhavetomakecorrectdecisionsallthetime,whichputsalotofpressureonme.Putpressureonsb.給某人施加壓力Eg：Mybossusuallyputsextrapressureonme.3.Althoughbeingadoctorkeepsmeverybusy,withlittletimeforpressure,IhavenoregretsasIlovesolvingproblemsandIgettohelppeoplerecoverfromillnessandinjuries.①Asprep.當(dāng)作，以…….身份，如同；Eg：Shewasregardedasaherobymassesofpeople.conj.因?yàn)?，依照，?dāng)……時(shí)，隨著，雖然adv.同樣地，和……一樣的Eg:Theywereexactlythesameaseachother.他倆簡(jiǎn)直一模一樣。②Recoverfrom恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)Eg：Heisrecoveringfromaheartattack.4.Ontheplusside,Igettotravelalotofdifferentcountriesformatchesandofcourse,hearingpeoplecheeryouonisgreat.①Ontheplusside在有利的方面Eg：Ontheplusside，hiscouragehelpshimkeepwalkingtowardssuccess.②Cheeronsb.為某人加油Eg：Abigcrowdedhadgatheredaroundtocheerontheracers.5.Quietudepromoteslearning,frugalitycultivatesvirtue.Onecan’tshowhighidealswithoutsimpleliving;onecan’thaveloftyaspirationwithoutapeacefulstateofmind.靜以修身，儉以養(yǎng)德。非淡泊無(wú)以明志，非寧?kù)o無(wú)以致遠(yuǎn)。諸葛亮《誡子書(shū)》Lessonl1.It’ssoconvenienttobeabletoparethequalityandpricesfromdifferentonlineshopsbeforeIbuy.It’ssoconvenienttodosth.做某事很方便Eg：Thenewtoolisconvenienttouse.2.MyparentsareworriedthatImaybeean“Internetaddict”.an“Internetaddict”對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)著迷的人；網(wǎng)迷3.Accordingtothem,thereisadangerthatImaynotbeabletotellwhetherthesefriendsarefriends.4.Mymomkeepstellingmetogooutwithmyschoolfriendsinstead.①Keepdoingsth.一直做某事Eg：Theykeptworkinguntilmidnight.②Insteadad.代替Eg：Igaveupmyepicandwrotethislittletaleinstead.Insteadof代替，不是……而是Eg：Hewaswearingascarfinsteadofatie.Hegrumblesathislostinsteadofresolutelyfacinghisdifficulties.，IdoknowIneedtodragmyselfawayfromtheonlineworldsometimes,especiallybecausereallifecanbejustasinteresting.dragmyselfawayfromsth.不做某事Eg:Canyoudragyourselfawayfromplayingthemobilephone?6.Asthepopularsayinggoes常言道/AsanoldsayinggoesLesson2Butmoreoftenthannot,it’sduetopressurefromworkorstudy.但是通常來(lái)講，這是由于工作或者學(xué)習(xí)的壓力。dueto由于，因?yàn)閑g：Theaccidentwasduetocarelessdriving.Conceitesfromshallowness;arroganceisduetoignorance.驕傲來(lái)自淺薄，狂妄來(lái)自無(wú)知。Due:a.到期的，應(yīng)得的，應(yīng)付的，預(yù)期的n.應(yīng)付款，應(yīng)得之物eg：Jim‘sdueswerecheckedoffeveryweek.吉姆的工會(huì)會(huì)費(fèi)每星期會(huì)從工資中扣除。Withallduerespect,that’sslightlymoreformal.恕我冒昧，這個(gè)說(shuō)法比較正式一點(diǎn)。Lesson31.Afteralongday,ZhangTianfinallygotbacktohissmallroom,feelingtired.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))2.ingtoGuizhouProvincetoteachhasbeenquiteanexperienceforhim.3.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhewasinspiredbythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.Beinspiredby被……鼓舞，被……激勵(lì)beencouragedtodosth.Eg：Heisinspiredbytheauthor’senthusiasm.4.However,noteverythingliveduptoZhangTian’shope.但是，不是每件事都像張?zhí)煜Ｍ哪菢印iveuptosth.符合(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))；Liveuptoone’sexpectation不辜負(fù)某人的期望Eg：Ourchildrendotrytoliveuptoourexpectation.5.Thethoughtofleavingonceflashedthroughhismind,buthequicklygaveupontheideaandfoundwaystodealwiththechallenges.flashedthroughone’smind閃過(guò)某人的腦海eg:Aterriblethoughtflashedthroughmymind.Giveup放棄givein屈服，讓步giveout分發(fā)Dealwithhandlewith處理madehimfeelsatisfiedwasthathisstudentswereabletoread,speakandwriteinEnglish,andtheybecamemoreconfidentinlearning.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：S(what從句（was）+P（that從句）+S+L.V+P【GRAMMAR】一、不定式Infinitives1.結(jié)構(gòu)：todo；否定形式：nottodo2.句法功能：在句子中可用作主語(yǔ)（S），賓語(yǔ)(O)，表語(yǔ)(P)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(O.C)，定語(yǔ)(A)以及狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial)。Eg：It‘simportanttomeetfriendsinpersonfromtimetotime,notjustonsocialmedia.(S)It’s+a.+todosth.不定式todo是句子真正的主語(yǔ)。Mytargetistopreparemyselfformydegreeinbiologyatuniversity.(P)Itrytokeepthereadinglistupdated.(O)IhavemorefreetimetodootherthingsthatI’minterestedinafterschool.(Attributive)Ihavedoneenoughtoencouragepeopletobelievewecouldwinthegamenexttime.(O.C)Toobtainthedegree,shewillneedtopassalloftheexaminations.(Adverbial)在特定的動(dòng)詞后，不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞連用：[Verb+who/which/what/how/when…+todo]Eg:Couldyoutellmehowtogettotheairport?Haveyoudecidedwhattoweartotheinterview?IknowwhototurntoforhelpwhenI’mintrouble.二．ed/ing形容詞動(dòng)詞ed形式作形容詞描述人的情感Eg：Afteralongday,ZhangTianfinallygotbacktohissmallroom,feelingtired.Everyonewasexcitedabouttheconcert.動(dòng)詞ed形式作形容詞描述情境、人或事物Eg：Heimaginedallsortsofexcitingthingsaboutlivingandteachinginavillage.Livinginthevillagewaschallenging.Unit2SPORTSANDFITNESS【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalk1.Aplayerfromoneteambeginsthegamebyservingtheballoverthenetintotheothercourt.比賽開(kāi)始，一個(gè)隊(duì)的球員把球發(fā)過(guò)網(wǎng)，打到對(duì)方場(chǎng)地。servingtheball發(fā)球ther’shealthandwellnessaredependentnotonlyondiet,butalsoonsportandexercise.人的健全，不但靠飲食尤靠運(yùn)動(dòng)。蔡元培《運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的需要》Lesson1ogueswasonlymeterstall，whichmadehimtheshortestplayerintheNBA.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句2.Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.tryoutforsth.試圖贏得；爭(zhēng)取eg：TheseteamsaregoingtotryoutfortheOlympicGames.這些隊(duì)伍要參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的選拔。on’tletusdown，Paul.It’syourtimetoshine.letsb.down讓某人失望eg：I‘llworkhard.Idon’twanttolethimdown.4.“Well,”saidthecoachashehitPaulontheshoulder,“you’vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam,bigguy!”earnedone’splace獲得一席之地eg：Heearnedhisplaceinthepanybyworkinghard.Lesson2mouthguards護(hù)齒WritingWorkshopheFinalSprint最后的沖刺2.bronzemedal銅牌hetwocyclistsmadeamazingsportinggestures—NavarroforrefusingtotakeadvantageofEsteban’stroubles…兩位自行車手展現(xiàn)出了高度的體育精神納瓦羅拒絕利用埃斯特班碰到的麻煩……takeadvantageof利用makethebestuseof充分利用Eg：Youshouldn’ttakeadvantageofhiskindnessbydemandingtoomuch.你不應(yīng)該利用他的善良，予取予求?！綠RAMMAR】定語(yǔ)從句（1）1.定語(yǔ)從句的概念及作用：在復(fù)合從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句，一般譯為“......的”；2.關(guān)系代詞及其用法：【W(wǎng)ho/whom的用法】?jī)烧叨加糜谥溉恕ho在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，但從句中的介詞提前時(shí)不能用who；whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。Eg：Adoctorisaperson{wholooksafterpeople’shealth.}Sheisthegirl{whomImetattheparty.}Heisthemanwho/whomItalkedtoyouabout.===HeisthemanaboutwhomItalkedtoyou.【which的用法】Which一般指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，偶爾作定語(yǔ)。Eg：Thisisanoldputer{whichworksmuchslower.}【that的用法】That一般指人或者指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。當(dāng)that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以省略。但是作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可以提到that前面。Eg：Thisisanoldputer{thatworksmuchslower.}Itisthemostimportanttask{thatshouldbefinishedsoon.}【that/which用法辨析】①使用that的情況：1.當(dāng)先行詞是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代詞時(shí)。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.當(dāng)先行詞被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修飾時(shí)。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.主句是以which或who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5.當(dāng)先行詞在從句和主句中都作表語(yǔ)時(shí),無(wú)論先行詞是人還是物。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6.如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)已用which引導(dǎo),另一個(gè)宜用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.在therebe句型中,只用that。Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9.當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時(shí)。e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.②使用which的情況1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。e.g.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2.在介詞之后。e.g.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3.當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)被that修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.【as/whose的用法】As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常出現(xiàn)于thesame…as,such…as,as…as…,以及so…as結(jié)構(gòu)里，在從句中可充當(dāng)主，賓以及表語(yǔ)，既可指人，指物，也可指整個(gè)句子。Eg：Theexploretookonlysuchmenandthingsashereallyneededintothejungle.Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributiontotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.As與that的區(qū)別。①such…as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；Eg：Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.②thesame…as,表示兩物類似;thesame…that表示兩物為同一物；Eg：Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般指代整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分，此時(shí)該從句可以位于主句之前，之后或者主句的中間。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.Grammarisnotasetofdeadrule,ashasbeensaidabove.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.【as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句固定表達(dá)有】asweallknow/aseveryoneknows/asisknowntoall/asiswellknown(眾所周知)asIcanremember(正如我所記得的)/asweexpect/aswasexpected(正如預(yù)料的那樣)asoftenhappens/asweallcansee/ascanbeseen/ashasbeensaidbefore(如前所述)Whose一般指人，但有時(shí)也指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾從句中的某一詞。Eg：Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.Unit3CELEBRATIONS【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalkAmidtheboomoffirecrackersayearhasetoanend,andthespringwindhaswaftedwarmbreathtothewine.爆竹聲中一歲除，春風(fēng)送暖入屠蘇。王安石《元日》Lesson11.Firstthehousewascleanedfromtoptobottom.MyhostmotherMrsChensaidthiswastosweepawaythedirtyofthepastyearandgetreadyforthenewyear.①sweepaway清除，掃走Eg：Afeelingofhappinesssweptmyangerawayhearingthenews.②get/bereadyfor為......做準(zhǔn)備Eg：Allyoucandoisbereadyforthegood.唯一能做的就是為美好的明天做好準(zhǔn)備。2.Everyyear,themomentIgetonthetrain,IamsurroundedbyShanxiaccentsIknowthatIamheadinghometomyfamily.①themoment“當(dāng)......時(shí)候”，“一......就”，立刻，馬上。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)atthemoment此刻，當(dāng)時(shí)bythemoment到......時(shí)forthemoment暫時(shí)，暫且，目前manofthemoment當(dāng)前的風(fēng)云人物Eg：Themomenttheclownappearedonstage,theaudiencefoldedup.小丑一出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，觀眾們個(gè)個(gè)笑得前俯后仰。②besurroundedby被......包圍Eg：Thehouseissurroundedbyflowersandtrees.③headto朝某地走去；前往fromheadtotoe遍布全身，從頭到腳etoaheadv.到達(dá)緊急關(guān)頭，成熟goheadtoheadwith齊頭并進(jìn)，不相上下Eg：sowedecidetoheadtotheUSmainland.所以我們決定前往美洲大陸。3.Idon‘tgetgettotravelbacktoShanxiveryoften,sowhenIgethome,myparentswillfillmeinonwhat’sbeenhappeningwhohasgotmarriedorhadchildorgoneawaytouniversity.我不經(jīng)?；厣轿鳎虼嗣磕昊氐郊?，我父母都會(huì)把這一年發(fā)生的事一股腦兒地全告訴我，誰(shuí)結(jié)婚了，誰(shuí)有小孩了，誰(shuí)上大學(xué)了，等等。fillsb.inon告訴某人關(guān)于......的消息Eg：Letmefillyou