定語(yǔ)從句教研教案

定語(yǔ)從句HuoJianhuaisaman.HuoJianhuaisahandsomeman.HuoJianhuaisahandsomeman.參考答案：glassesiswearingglasses一．概念定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。作用：1.連接作用---連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句2.替代作用---在定語(yǔ)從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞3.成分作用---在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句（關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞）二．考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that(一)who:指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。例：youknowthemanwhowasinjuredintheaccident?（）2.Theman(who)youmetjustnowismyfriend.（）中考鏈接：1.（2022杭州）Thewoman______isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what2.（2022山東德州）Everyone______hasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.A.why參考答案：例1.主語(yǔ)2.賓語(yǔ)中考鏈接：(二)whom:指人,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。如果介詞提前則不能省略。例：person(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.（）persontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.中考鏈接：1.—Doyouknowthegirl__ourEnglishteacheristalkingto?—Yes.She'smysister.whereB.whom C.which D.whose參考答案：例1.賓語(yǔ)中考鏈接：(三)whose:意為“……的”，作名詞的限定語(yǔ)，既可修飾人，也可修飾物。在從句中作定語(yǔ)。例：showmethebookwhosecoverisred.中考鏈接：1.(2022貴州黔西南州）---Doyouknowtheman____T--shirtisblue?----Yes,Ido.HeismyChineseteacher,Mr.Smith.2.（銅仁）LiMeiisthestudent_________handwritingisthebestinourclass.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that3.（天津）Johnistheboy_____legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which參考答案：(四)which:指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如果介詞提前則不能省略。例：plantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.（）fish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.（）thisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?中考鏈接：1.(2022四川自貢)Thisisthebook______tellsmanyEnglishstories.B.whichC.who2.（湖北咸寧）Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher_______happenedinourschoollastweek.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what參考答案：例1.主語(yǔ)2.賓語(yǔ)中考鏈接：(五)that:指人或指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例：planeisamachinethatcanfly.（）girl(that)wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.（）試題鏈接：1.（2022廣州）Thestories______werewrittenbyMarkTwainareoftenhumorous.A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what2.（2022河南）—Whydon’tyoulikefishing?—Fishingisahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI’mnotpatientatall.B.thatC.itD.what參考答案：例1.主語(yǔ)2.賓語(yǔ)中考鏈接：(六)注意：在定語(yǔ)從句中，that和which都可以指物，但下列情況只能用that不能用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)（如anything,everything,something,nothing…）例：thereanythingIcandoforyou?havereadallthebooksyougaveme.dictionaryourlibraryboughtisgood.willtellhimall____youtoldmeattheparty.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether參考答案：(2)當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)例：firstplacewevisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.isthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.參考答案：(3)當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery（正是）,thelast，all,some,any,no,little,much修飾時(shí)例：istheverybookIamlookingfor.havereadallthebooksyoulentme.參考答案：(4)當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)例：talkedaboutthethingsandpersonswewereinterestedin.參考答案：(5)當(dāng)主句以疑問(wèn)詞who或which開(kāi)頭時(shí)例：isthemobilephoneyouwanttobuy?isthemanisreadingabookthere?參考答案：口訣：不定代詞這一伙，全用that準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)。先行詞前有修飾，千萬(wàn)不能用which。練一練：（）1.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which（）2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what（）3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it（）4.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this（）girl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that

B.whose

C.which

D.as（）6.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone

B.which

C.who

D.whom（）7.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it參考答案：注意：不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況:1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)2.先行詞本身是that時(shí)3.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)例：istheclassroominwestudiedfortwoyears.,isthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.參考答案：口訣：要有which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時(shí)。先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)toldmeeverythingthatheknows.thebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.isthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.talkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.istheonlymanthatIwanttosee.isthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.小結(jié)：一、關(guān)系詞判斷步驟首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich二、關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，不能省略。例：’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。注意：that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略。例：istheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)？練一練：一、填空1.

Doyouknowthegirl_________istalkingwithyourmother?2.

Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanactor.4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.二、單項(xiàng)選擇（）1.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity___Iknow.A.itB.whereC.thatD.which（）2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose（）3.Isthereanythingelse___yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what（）4.What’sthenameoftheman____?A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowedD.hiscaryouborrowed參考答案：一、\that二、考點(diǎn)二：關(guān)系副詞：where,when,why(一)where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例：istheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。先行詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(二)when表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例：stillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfrommiddleschool.（）（）（）（）中考鏈接：1.（湖南岳陽(yáng)）Ican’tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.where2.(山東菏澤)I’llneverforgettheday_____thegreatscientistcametoourschoolandgaveusaspeech.A.that B.which C.when D.where參考答案：例：1.先行詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)中考鏈接：(三)why表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。例：don’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。（）參考答案：原因狀語(yǔ)(四)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，可以根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷。例：1.Thisistheplace____________wevisitedlastyear.②Thisistheplace______heworks.例：2.Thatwasthetime_____hearrived.②Doyoustillrememberthedays_________wespenttogether?例：3①Thisisthereason_________hedidn’tcome..②Thereason_________hegaveuswasquitereasonable（合理的）.注意：從句中的動(dòng)詞如果是及物動(dòng)詞，后面若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就用關(guān)系代詞；如果是不及物動(dòng)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。參考答案：\which;where;that;that\which練一練1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason________________hegaveus.參考答案：\which\which\that小結(jié)關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句that,who,whom主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)人Doyouknowthegirlwho\thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考試中得“A”的那個(gè)女孩嗎？that,which主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)物Shegotacomputerwhich\thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺(tái)電腦，這臺(tái)電腦是她父母給她買的。whose定語(yǔ)人，物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.那個(gè)男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?，他的爸爸是位醫(yī)生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.開(kāi)著窗戶的那個(gè)房間是我的。when狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的那個(gè)學(xué)校。why狀語(yǔ)原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎？解題方法指導(dǎo)方法一：定語(yǔ)從句先行詞還原法初中階段對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查主要是關(guān)系詞的運(yùn)用。首先大家可以把先行詞還原到從句中。其次是在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，一要看先行詞是指人還是指物，二要看在從句中作何成分，從而做出正確的判斷。IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersIvisitedinLondonyearsago.解析：句意：我仍然記得許多年前在倫敦參觀過(guò)的大學(xué)和拜訪過(guò)的老師。先行詞是thecollegeandtheteachers,當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。鞏固練習(xí)1、Therearelotsofthings______Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(河北省卷)A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2、Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.（吉林省通化市） 3、—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.（江蘇省南京市）--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______? leaving left left4、Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.(浙江省衢州市) A.which B.when C.who D.whose5、Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?(湖南長(zhǎng)沙) 6、—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.（江蘇省揚(yáng)州市）arehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake. C./ 7、Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?（四川省成都市）