江蘇省南京市高三月英語熱身訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀

任務(wù)型閱讀請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個(gè)單詞。(A)SocialfunctionofpubliclibrariesinruralareasPubliclibrariesarevarious,suchasPopularLibrary,CommunityLibrary,MunicipalLibrary,ParishlibraryandModelPublicLibrary.Thepubliclibrariesinunderdevelopedcountriesaremarginalizedandwithoutanyleadingroleinsociety.Todevelop“socialfunctionofthepubliclibraryasanagentofchangeforruraldevelopment,weneedtoknowmoreaboutthepubliclibrary.Thepubliclibraryistheinstitutionthatservesasocialfunctionasachangeagentintransmittinginformationandknowledgetotheruraldevelopmentwithoutdistinctionofreligion,race,politicalbeliefs,orgenderorsex.“It’saneducationforthepeople.”Thesocialrolesofthepubliclibraryincludes:·developinganadditionaltrainingcoursestotheruralschool,tryingtoraisethesocioeconomicstatus,intellectualandmoraldevelopmentofruralpopulations.Throughthedifferentactivitiestakingplace:Trainingcourses,productiveworkshops,lecturesonvarioustopics,holidaysupplies,etc;·servingmanypeoplewhohadtoleaveschoolearly(verytypicalofruralareas)byprovidingadequateequipmentandpersonneltotheirinformationneeds;·facilitatingandencouragingreadinginruralareas,actingasaneffectivetoolagainstilliteracy,whichinPeruandLatinAmericaisoneofthesocio-educationalproblemsthatwesuffer;·helpingusersdisorientedandnotaccustomedtoconsulttherurallibrary,encouraging,motivatingandattractingthemtoobtainmaximumbenefitandsatisfactionoftheirreadings·actingasan“InformationCenterforall”,butnota“Depositandaudiovisuallibrarymaterials;forusebyallmembersoftheCommunity,particularlyinruralareas.Whatisinterestinginlearning,increasingtheirknowledgeandculture,strengtheningtheirappreciationoflifeandachievetheirideals.Thesocialrolesofthepubliclibrarywilldependmuchontheirstructure:Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditssystemoforganization:Centralandbranchoffices,mobilelibraries,bookbags,methodswidelyusedinruralareasofmanycountries.Thepubliclibraryisastateinstitution,andthereforepromotedandsustainedbyit.Itplaystheroleofthepublicservice.Itshouldnotbeaninertentity,ashashappenedinmostdevelopingcountries.Withinacontextofunderdevelopment,publiclibraryremainsasaninstitutionisolatedfromtheinterestsofthepopulation,despitealleffortsaremadeindividuallytoavoidit.Thepubliclibraryandtheruraldevelopmentshouldbecloselyrelated,withthesupportofanappropriateeducationpolicy.SocialfunctionofpubliclibrariesSocialfunctionofpubliclibrariesinruralareasSocialstructure,Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditsSocialstructure,Child,Youth,Adult,Senior,anditssystemoftheorganizationStructures(80)▲thesocialroles(71)▲oflibrariesProblemmentionedSocial(74)▲PopularLibrary,(72)▲Library,MunicipalLibrary,ParishlibraryandModelPublicLibraryThepubliclibraryinunderdevelopedcountriesarenottakinga(73)▲roleintheirsociety·developing(75)▲trainingcourses,productiveworkshops,lecturesonvarioustopics,holidaysupplies,etc;·servingearlyschool-leavers(76)▲providingadequateequipmentandpersonneltotheirinformationneeds;·facilitatingandencouragingreadinginruralareas,actingasaneffectivetoolagainst(77)▲.·helpingthosewhoarenotusedtousingalibraryto(78)▲themostbenefitandsatisfactionoftheirreadings·(79)▲asan“InformationCenterforall”答案：71.Types/Kinds 72.Community73.leading74.roles75.additional/supplementary 76.by 77.illiteracy 78.gain/obtain/get/achieve79.acting 80.supporting(B)“HEARTLESS”—it’snotusuallyawordyouwouldwanttousetodescribeaperson.ButhavinghisheartremovedwaswhatsavedCraigLewis’life—andwhatmadehimthefirstliving“heartless”man.The55-year-oldhadbeendyingofheartdisease.Hewastoldthatheonlyhad12hourstolive.ThatwaswhenBillyCohnandBudFrazier,twodoctorsfromtheTexasHeartInstitute,US,decidedtotrysomethingnew.TheyremovedLewisheartandreplaceditwithanartificial(人造的)one.Lessthanaweekaftertheoperation,Lewiswasabletositupinbedandspeaktohisfamily,accordingtoReuters.Lewiskeptonlivinglikeanormalperson,withonlyonedifference—hedidn’thaveaheartbeat.Thehumanheartusuallypumpsbloodthroughourbodiesbybeatingregularly.Bycontrast,thisartificialheartpushesthebloodforwardwithtwomovingblades(槳葉).IfyouweretotouchLewisorlistentohischest,youwouldnotfeelaheartbeat.IfyouhookedhimuptoanEKG(心電圖)machine,thelinewouldbeflat.Scientistshavebeentryingtocreateaworkingartificialheartforyears.Manypeoplesufferfromseriousheartdiseaseandcannotgettransplants.Untilnow,allartificialheartseitherbrokedownorcausedblocksandinfections.Butafterfiveyearsofhardwork,DrCohnandDrFrazierdevelopedthisartificialheart.Itissmallerandquieterthanotherartificialheartsandcanlastmuchlonger.Theytestediton38calves(牛犢)andallofthemturnedoutenergeticandhealthy.Lewisisthefirsthumanproofthatthemachineisasuccess.Thedoctorswillhavetoworkmoreonthedeviceanddecideonafinaldesignbeforeitcanbewidelyused.TheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationwillalsoneedtosaythatthemachineissafe.Butthisartificialheartlookslikelytobringarayofhopetothousandsofpatients.LifeasaheartlessmanPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsA(71)▲inthehistoryofmedicine◆55-year-oldLewiswasonthe(72)▲ofdeath.Hewastoldthatheonlyhad12hourstolive.◆TwoAmericandoctorshadhisheart(73)▲andreplaceditwithanartificialone.ThatmadeLewisthefirstlivingheartlessman.Differingfromthehumanheart◆Lewis’newheartpushesthebloodforwardwithtwomovingblades.◆Hisheartrateisat(74)▲witha(75)▲lineonthescreenofanEKGmachine.(76)▲ofthisartificialheart◆Itissmarterandquieterthanotherartificialheartsandcanlastmuchlonger.◆Ithasn’tyetbrokendown.Norhasitgot(77)▲andinfected.Reasonsforbeing(78)▲aboutthisartificialheart◆Thedoctorswillhavetofurther(79)▲thedevicebeforeitismassivelyproduced.◆Yetthisartificialheartlookslikelytobringtheopportunityof(80)▲tothousandsofpatients.答案：71.wonder 72.edge 73removed 74.zero 75.flat76.Characteristic/Features/Superiorities/Strengths/Advantages/Benefits77.blocked 78.optimistic/positive 79.improve80.recovery/life(C)Whichisthebestcollegeoruniversityinthecountry?Thatalldependsonwhoyouask.Thereareseveralwell-respectedcollegerankingexpertsoutthere,buttheirnumberonepicksvarywildly,fromWestPointtoHarvardUniversity.Ifanyoneisusingtherankingsastheonlywaytodecide,thatiswrongfortherankings.HereThemethodsvarywildly.U.S.News&WorldReportrankscollegesnationallyandbyregionandtype,solargenationaluniversities,likeHarvardandPrinceton,don’tappearonthesamelistsassmallerliberalartscolleges.Thecollegesthemselvesprovideinformationincludingreputationsurveys,admissionsdata,SATandACTscores,acceptancerates,facultysalaries,financialresources,classsize,andstudent-facultyratios.Failuretofilloutasurveycompletely(orhavingthesurveycompletedbydifferentpeoplefromyeartoyear)canresultinachangeinrank.Rankingsaregenerallystableovertime.Forbes,whichstartedrankingcollegesin2008,doesnotdivideschoolsbysizeorregion.Instead,650schoolsarerankedforForbesbasedonstudentevaluationsonRateMyP,thenumberofgraduateslistedinWho’sWhoinAmerica,salaryinformationforgraduatedfromP,averagestudentloandebtanddefaultrates,andfour-yeargraduationrates,amongotherthings.ThePrincetonReviewoffersup62differentTop20listsinsteadofrankingschoolsinorderfrombesttoworst.Thedatacomesfromsurveying122,000studentsat376colleges,ThePrincetonReviewsaidinastatement,andtheirlistsofferrankingsoneverythingfromclasssize,politicalactivitytosociallife.Knowwhatyouwantinacollege.Beforeputtingmuchweightintoaschool’srank,it’simportantforstudentstodecidewhatthey’rereallylookingforinacollege—andtheyshouldn’twaituntilthelastminutetostarttheirsearch.Theyhavetodothehardhomeworkofunderstandingthecost,location,activities…listeningtopeople’sadviceaboutwherestudentsfromthathighschoolhavegotteninto.Considertheclassesanddegreesofferedbyeachcollege—dotheyfityourinterests?Whatisthecampuslike—doyouwantacitysettingoraclassic,tree-linedcourtyard?Ifyoucan,visitseveralschoolsandtalktostudents—whatteachingstyledotheinstructorshave,howaretheclassroomssetup?And,lastbutnotleast,takealookattuition,room,board,andfees,aswellastypicalfinancialaidpackages—whichschoolsareaffordableforyourfamily?Topuniversitiesinanyrankinglistareprobablythemostcompetitive.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatonlyasmallnumberofstudentscangetintothetop10.Studentsneedtoberealisticabouttheirqualifications,andunderstandthat,eveniftheyarequalified,theystillmightnotgetin.“Thetop10couldbedrawnfromthetopfivepercentofhighschoolstudentsorevenless.There’ssimplynoplacetoaccepteveryapplicant.Title:Howtousecollege(71)▲wiselyIntroductionUniversitiesarerankedwildly(72)▲ontoplists.Methodsofrankingcolleges·U.S.News&WorldReportbyregionandtypewithinformationprovidedbyeachcollege(73)▲.·Forbesbasedon(74)▲evaluations·ThePrincetonReviewbasedon(75)▲likeclasssize,politicalactivityandsociallifeInformationyouneedtoknowaboutcolleges·todohardhomeworkin(76)▲·toknowwellaboutcolleges·to(77)▲yourowninterest.(78)▲togetintotopuniversitiesItishardforstudents,tobe(79)▲totopuniversities,whichdonothaveenough(80)▲foreveryapplicantevenqualifiedstudents.答案：71.rankings differently itself student/graduate/students’/graduates’everythingadvance Chances/Opportunitiesadmitted place(D)Youwanttobeconfidentandfeelconfident,butwhatifyou'restartingwithlittleornoconfidence?Trueself-confidenceisn'tanovernightacquisition.Ittakesdedicationtorealizeyouareagoodhumanbeingthatisworthyofrespectandlove.RecognizeyourinsecuritiesWhatdoesthatvoiceinthebackofyourmindsay?Whydoyoufeeluncomfortableorashamedofyourself?Thiscouldbeanythingfromregretstofriendsatschoolornegativeexperience.Whateverismakingyoufeelunworthy,orashamed,identifyit,giveitaname,andwriteitdown.Youcanalsotearthesewrittenpiecestostartfeelingpositiveonthosepoints.GetridofinsecuritiesgraduallyEachdayyoushouldweakenit.There'snoquickfix.Gettotherootoftheproblem;focusonitandunderstandthatyouneedtoresolveeachissuebeforeyoucanmoveon.Checkifitisanoldpastemotionandifitisreallystillrelevantorapplicableinyourlifetoday.Andthatdoesnotmeanyouhavetogetridofwhatevermakesyoufeelbad(manytimes,yousimplycan't).Youneedtolearntoacceptyourself,yourpast,yourcircumstancesastheyare,withoutnecessarilythinkingofthemas“bad”.IdentifyyoursuccessesEveryoneisgoodatsomething,sodiscoverthethingsatwhichyoudoextremelywell,thenfocusonyourtalents.Giveyourselfpermissiontobeproudofthem.Giveyourselfcreditforyoursuccesses.Inferiority(自卑)isastateofmindinwhichyou'vedeclaredyourselfavictim.Donotallowyourselftobevictimized.BePositiveAvoidself-pity,orthepityandsympathyofothers.Neverallowotherstomakeyoufeelinferior—theycanonlydosoifyouletthem.Ifyoucontinuetodislikeandlookdownuponyourself,othersaregoingtodoandbelievelikewise.Instead,speakpositivelyaboutyourself,aboutyourfuture,andaboutyourprogress.Donotbeafraidtoshowyourstrengthsandqualitiestoothers.Bydoingso,youstrengthenthoseideasinyourmindandencourageyourgrowthinapositivedirection.Apply“facialfeedbacktheory”Studiessurroundingwhat’scalledthe"facialfeedbacktheory"suggestthattheexpressionsonyourfacecanactuallyencourageyourbraintoexpresscertainemotions.Sobylookinginthemirrorandsmilingeveryday,youmightfeelhappierwithyourselfandmoreconfidentinthelongrun.HelpothersWhenyouknowyou’rehelpfultothepeoplearoundyou,andaremakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives(evenifit'sjustbeingkindertothepersonwhoservesyoucoffeeinthemorning),you'llknowthatyouareapositiveforceintheworld—whichwillboostyourselfconfidence.Now,dearfriends,willyouletconfidencekeepyoucompany?Beconfident,andaccomplishingyourgoalswillbejustaroundthecorner.Title:ThewaystobecomeconfidentSpecificwaysSupportingdetailsRecognizinginsecuritiesFindoutwhat(71)▲youuncomfortableorashamed，forgetitandfeelpositive.(72)▲insecuritiesgraduallyFindoutthe(73)▲ofproblems,resolvethemandlearntoaccept(74)▲youare.IdentifyingsuccessesFindoutyourtalents,takeprideinthemand(75)▲yourselfforyoursuccesses.Beingpositive·Speak(76)▲aboutyourself.·Don’tmakeyourself(77)▲byothers.Applying“facialfeedbacktheory”Lookinthemirrorandsmiletogainmore(78)▲.HelpingothersBeof(79)▲tothepeoplearoundyou.ConclusionConfidencehelpspeopleaccomplishgoalsandbecomeworthytobe(80)▲andloved.答案：71.makes 72.Removing 73.causes/roots 74.what 75.praise 76.positively 77.pitied/sympathized77.Looking 78.confidence 79.help 80.respected(E)Thosewholiketoplaywithwordsareclever,orconsiderthemselvesclever.Playingwithwordsintrademarkregistration,however,mightbringyoutroubleorevenalawsuit(起訴).USbasketballstarMichaelJordanfiledalawsuitagainstChinesecompanyQiaodanSportslastweekforunauthorizeduseofhisname.Thecompanydeniedtheaccusation.“WejustuseaChinesetranslationofacommonforeignfamilynameanditcannotbeidentifiedwithMichaelJordan,”saidHouLidong,thecompany’spublicrelationsmanager.Jordanandhislawyerarewaitingforthecourt’sreply.ButexpertshavesaidJordan’slawsuitmaybedifficulttowin.China’slawstatesthatatrademark“shallnotconflictwithanypreviousrightacquiredbyanotherperson.”The“firsttouse”isagloballyrecognizedprinciple.Inthissense,QiaodanSports’useofthenameislegalinChina.ButtheChinesecompany’sactionsmayformanactofunfaircompetition,saidFuMinrong,alawyerofXinwenhuaLawFirminShanghai,becausecompanyprofitsfrommakingconnectionsbetweenitsbrandandMichaelJordan.AmarketinginstitutebasedinShanghaisurveyed400youngpeoplein2009.About90%oftherespondentsthoughtQiaodanSportsbelongstoMichaelJordan,theBeijingDailyreported.EvenifJordanlosesthelawsuit,ChinesebrandssuchasQiaodanarenotwinnerseither.ThecasereflectsabigproblemforChinesebrands—copycatting(盲目模仿),commentedtheBeijingBusinessToday.CriticspointoutthatQiaodanSports’reputationandsaleswouldreceiveabigblow,ascustomersareunwillingtobereferredtoascommonbuyersofcopycatgoods.Trademarkpreemptive(搶先的)registrationisaglobalissue.Insomecases,itevenhasbecomeatoolofbusinesscompetition.ShaolinTemple,forinstance,foundin2004thatmorethan1,000brandscontaining“Shaolin”hadbeenregisteredwithouttheapprovalofthetemplein