四川省綿陽市高中2022-2023學年高一下學期期末教學質量測試英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

秘密★啟用前【考試時間:2023年7月9日16:00~18:00】高中2022級第一學年末教學質量測試英語本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分,其中試題卷共12頁;答題卡共2頁。滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘注意事項:1.答題前,考生務必在答題卡上將自己的學校、班級、姓名用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫清楚,同時用2B鉛筆將考號準確填涂在“考號”欄目內(nèi)。2.選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對應題目標號的位置上,如需改動,用橡皮擦擦干凈后再選涂其它答案;非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫在答題卡的對應框內(nèi),超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效3.考試結束后將答題卡收回第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)回答聽力部分時,先將答案標在試卷上。聽力部分結束前,你將有兩分鐘的時間將你的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題并閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案:C。1.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Buyanewbike.B.Rideanewbike.C.Repairanewbike.2.Howwillthespeakersreturnfromtheartgallery?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.3.Whendidthemoviestart?A.At7:45pm.B.At8:00pm.C.At8:15pm.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirfavoriteculture.B.Theirweekendplan.C.Theirschoolwork.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthelibrary.B.Intherestaurant.C.Athome.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemancometothewoman?A.Tomakeaninvitation.B.Toaskforhelp.C.Toborrowmoney.7.Howmuchistherentnow?A.$400.B.$600.C.$800.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.WhatdidAlexdothisafternoon?A.Hewenttothebank.B.Heboughtacomputer.C.Hegatheredplasticbottles.9.HowwillAlexspendhismoney?A.Buyrecycledresources.B.Buildaruralschool.C.Donateittostudents.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Howdothespeakerssoundwhentheyaretalking?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Confused.11.Whoisthewoman’sfavoritesinger?A.EdSheeran.B.TaylorSwift.C.Beyoncé.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotoaclass.B.Buyconcerttickets.C.Ordersometakeout.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whydopeopletakeanethicaltrip?A.Tosupportthetourism.B.Todevelopnationaleconomy.C.Topreservethelocalecosystem.14.Whatshouldpeopledointhedestination?A.Feedthewildlife.B.Explorelocalcustoms.C.Buyfashionablegoods.15.Whatismosttourists’attitudetoethicaltrips?A.Supportive.B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful.16.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Fellowstudents.C.Fatheranddaughter.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.What’sspecialaboutthehotel?A.Itismadeofice.B.Rosescoveritsbeds.C.Ithasbreathtakingviews.18.Whatinspiredtheconstructionofthehotel?A.AnexhibitionheldbyaFrenchman.B.Visitfrompeopletotheicestructure.C.Adventurers’sleepingintheicestructure.19.Whyisthehotelrebuilteveryyear?A.Itchangeseveryyear.B.Theicemeltsinspring.C.Itisonlyopeninwinter.20.Whatcanyoudointhehotel?A.Watchmovies.B.Displayartworks.C.Studywildlife.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheBritishMuseumGalleryArtSessionNationalcurriculumlinks●Art&DesignAboutthissessionGalleryArtsessionstakeplaceinoneormoreoftheMuseum’sgalleries.Yourstudentsexploreathemechosenbyyouandareledbyanartist-educator.ThesessionsreflectthediversityofworldculturesthroughtheBritishMuseum’scollections.Format:galleryworkshop,Q&A,practicalart-basedactivities,discussionCapacity:15pergroup(max30studentsperday,splitinto2groups)Duration:90minutesPrice:FreeIndetail●ThesessionbeginswithanintroductiontotheMuseumanditscollections.●Theartist-educatorwillleadstudentsthroughanexplorationofthethemeinseveralgalleries.●Itconcludeswithameetingwhichhighlightsthequestionstoaskwhenexaminingmuseumobjects,theskillsofrecordinginformationgatheredinamuseumandasummaryofthekeythemesofthesession.Beforeyourvisit●ThepurposeoftheMuseumvisit,forexample,collectingmaterialforaparticularprojectorexaminingobjectsfromaparticularcultureorperiod,shouldbemadeclearbeforearrivalandstudentsshouldknowtheexpectedoutcomesofthevisit.Afteryourvisit●Yoursessionandmuseumvisitshouldberecorded,e.g.usingdigitalcameras,notesanddrawingssothatfurtherindepthresearchcanbedone.FindoutmoreAselectionofgalleriesbelowmaybevisitedduringthesession.●Room25:Africa●Room26:NorthAmerica●Room27:Asia1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Teachers. B.Parents. C.Students. D.Artists.2.Whichofthefollowingisrequiredofstudentsbeforetheartsession?A.Paytheticketsingroups. B.Plantheoutcomewithothers.C.Recordthevisitwithnotes. D.Knowthepurposeofthevisit.3.Whatcanstudentsdoduringtheartsession?A.Drawthecollections. B.Choosesomethemes.C.Visitvariousgalleries. D.IntroducetheMuseum.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹的是英國博物館的畫廊藝術課程?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Aboutthissession部分中的“GalleryArtsessionstakeplaceinoneormoreoftheMuseum’sgalleries.Yourstudentsexploreathemechosenbyyouandareledbyanartist-educator.ThesessionsreflectthediversityofworldculturesthroughtheBritishMuseum’scollections.(畫廊藝術課程在博物館的一個或多個畫廊舉行。您的學生探索由您選擇的主題，并由藝術家教育家?guī)ьI。這些會議通過大英博物館的藏品反映了世界文化的多樣性。)”可知，您的學生探索由您選擇的主題，有此可知，本文的讀者應是教師。故選A項【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Beforeyourvisit部分中的“ThepurposeoftheMuseumvisit,forexample,collectingmaterialforaparticularprojectorexaminingobjectsfromaparticularcultureorperiod,shouldbemadeclearbeforearrivalandstudentsshouldknowtheexpectedoutcomesofthevisit.(參觀博物館的目的，例如，為一個特定的項目收集材料，或檢查特定文化或時期的物品，應該在到達之前明確，學生應該知道參觀的預期結果。)”可知，學習畫廊的藝術課程的學生到達之前明確好參觀博物館的目的，由此可知，學生需要了解訪問的目的。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Findoutmore部分中的“Aselectionofgalleriesbelowmaybevisitedduringthesession.(學習課程期間可參觀以下精選畫廊。)”可知，學生在學習課程時，可以參觀下面的各種畫廊。故選C項。BThismorning,whiletidyingupmyoffice,IfoundanopenboxofpackagedchocolatecookiesthatI’dboughtsometimelastyear.Theuse-bydatehadcomeandgonemorethaneightmonthsago.Curious,Itookasmallbite.Theystilltastedprettygood.Welcometotheworldofultra-processed(超加工)foods.Andwe’reeatingalotofthem.Ultra-processedfoodscurrentlymakeupnearly60%ofwhatthetypicaladulteats,andnearly70%ofwhatkidseat.Theyincludeeverythingfromcookiesandsodastopackagedbreadsandfrozenmeals,evenicecreams.Youmightnotrealizeyou’reeatingone,butlookcloseandyou’llseemanyingredientsyouwouldn’tfindinyourkitchen.Andalargeandgrowingamountofevidencehasconsistentlylinkedoverconsumptionofultra-processedfoodstopoorhealthoutcomes.“Toomuchofitleadstoobesityandtypetwodiabetes(糖尿病)andheartdiseaseandcancer.”saysChristopherGardner,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,whohasspentdecadesstudyingthelinksbetweendietandchronicdisease(慢性病).Onereasonultra-processedfoodslikelyleadtohealthissuesseemsobvious:Theytendtobelowinfiberandhighincalories,salt,addedsugarandfat,whicharealllinkedwithpoorhealthoutcomeswheneatentoomuch.Eventually,Gardnersaystheburdenofmakinghealthierfoodchoicesshouldn’tfallcompletelyonconsumers-especiallywhenitcomestosettingkidsupforbetterhealthlongterm.“Itdoesneedthewholesocietytopayattentiontothis,toworktogether,includingthefoodindustryandthegovernment,tobeabletoreducetheamountofultra-processedfoodourkidsareconsumingintheirday,”hesays.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosayinthesecondparagraphs?A.Ultra-processedfoodspreservetheflavorlong.B.Ultra-processedfoodshavebecomeabigpartofourdiet.C.Convenienceexplainsthepopularityofultra-processedfoods.D.Alotofhealthproblemsresultfromconsumptionofultra-processedfoods.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overconsumption”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Overproduction. B.Overselling. C.Overstore. D.Overeating.6.Whatisaresultoftoomuchultra-processedfoodinpeople’slives?A.Fewerdiseases. B.Healthproblems.C.Dietarychanges. D.Marketcompetition.7.WhatisGardner’ssuggestionformakingkidshealthierinthelongterm?A.Punishthefoodindustry. B.Reducekids’consumption.C.Uniteeffortsfromallsides. D.Makesmarterfoodchoices.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。w文章主要介紹的是超加工食品的一些問題，過度使用超加工食品會產(chǎn)生健康問題?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ultra-processedfoodscurrentlymakeupnearly60%ofwhatthetypicaladulteats,andnearly70%ofwhatkidseat.Theyincludeeverythingfromcookiesandsodastopackagedbreadsandfrozenmeals,evenicecreams.(目前，超加工食品占成年人飲食總量的近60%，占兒童飲食總量的近70%。它們包括從餅干和蘇打水到包裝面包和冷凍食品，甚至冰淇淋的所有東西)”可知，在日常飲食中，超加工的食品占據(jù)了相當大的比例。由此推知，超加工食品已經(jīng)成為我們生活中重要的一部分。故選B項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后的““Toomuchofitleadstoobesityandtypetwodiabetes(糖尿病)andheartdiseaseandcancer.”saysChristopherGardner,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,whohasspentdecadesstudyingthelinksbetweendietandchronicdisease(慢性病).(“吃得太多會導致肥胖、二型糖尿病、心臟病和癌癥。斯坦福大學教授克里斯托弗·加德納說。他花了幾十年時間研究飲食和慢性病之間的聯(lián)系)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，過度使用超級工食品會造成身體健康問題，飲食與慢性疾病之間存在著聯(lián)系。由此推知，劃線單詞的意思應是“過多地食用”。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Toomuchofitleadstoobesityandtypetwodiabetes(糖尿病)andheartdiseaseandcancer.”saysChristopherGardner,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,whohasspentdecadesstudyingthelinksbetweendietandchronicdisease(慢性病).(“吃得太多會導致肥胖、二型糖尿病、心臟病和癌癥。斯坦福大學教授克里斯托弗·加德納說。他花了幾十年時間研究飲食和慢性病之間的聯(lián)系)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，過多使用超加工食品會造成健康問題。由此可知，健康問題是過多使用超加工食品的結果。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的““Itdoesneedthewholesocietytopayattentiontothis,toworktogether,includingthefoodindustryandthegovernment,tobeabletoreducetheamountofultra-processedfoodourkidsareconsumingintheirday,”hesays.(“這確實需要整個社會都關注這一點，共同努力，包括食品行業(yè)和政府，以減少我們的孩子們每天消費的超加工食品的數(shù)量，”他說)”可知，Gardner認為，要從長遠看來，要解決孩子的健康問題，需要的是整個社會引起重視，齊心協(xié)力。由此可知，Gardner的建議是團結社會的各方力量。故選C項。CResearchersaretryingtoexplorecreativewaystoreducee-waste.Nowoneteamhasinventedawater-activatedbattery(水激活電池)madeofpaperandothersustainablematerials.Somee-wasteisrelativelylarge:oldphonesandairconditioners,forinstance.Othere-wasteismoreunnoticeable,suchasbatteries.It’sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems.Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.ResearchersattheSwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnologyareworkingtoaddressthisproblem.Theyinventedawater-activatedpaperbatteryusingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallyreplacethemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.Atraditionalbatteryismadeofplastic,metalorotherharmfulmaterials.Thepaperbatteryworksthesameasatraditionalbattery.Ithasapositivelycharged(帶電的)side,anegativelychargedside,andaconductivematerial(傳導材料)betweenthetwo.Inthenewbattery,thepositivelyandnegativelychargedsidesareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperiswet.Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisoff.Oncethepaperiswet,thebatteryactivateswithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformanceworsensasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatterybeginstoworkagainandlastsanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain.Althoughtheresearchersshowedthattheirbatterycouldpoweranalarmclock,itisunlikelytoreplacestandardbatteriesnow.Itishardtopredictatimelineforproducingsuchbatteriesinalargenumber,butthatfuturemaynotbesofaroff.“Thisreallystartswiththedevelopmentofsustainablematerials,”Nystr?m,theleadauthor,explains,“Fromthere,Ithinkweareabletocreatesomethingthatisquiteuseful.”8.Whydidtheresearchersinventthenewbatteries?A.Toreplaceharmfulbatteries. B.Todevelopsustainablematerials.C.Topowercommondevices. D.Tomakee-wastemorenoticeable.9.Inwhataspectarethetraditionalandthenewbatteriesdifferent?A.Sizes. B.Usages. C.Materials. D.Functions.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthepaperusedinthenewbatteries?A.Itdrieswithin20seconds. B.Itcanbeusedmanytimes.C.Ithasinkonthefrontside. D.Itbreakseasilyinsaltwater.11.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewbatteryfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itstoreshugepower. B.Ittakesagestomakeit.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ithasapromisingfuture.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是一種新型環(huán)保的電池。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theyinventedawater-activatedpaperbatteryusingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallyreplacethemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.(他們發(fā)明了一種水激活紙電池，使用環(huán)保材料，最終可以取代低功耗設備中常見的更有害的電池。)”可知，科學家發(fā)明一種水激活的紙電池，可以最終取代有害的電池，由此可知，研究者發(fā)明新電池是為了取代舊的有害的電池。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theyinventedawater-activatedpaperbatteryusingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallyreplacethemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.(他們發(fā)明了一種水激活紙電池，使用環(huán)保材料，最終可以取代低功耗設備中常見的更有害的電池。)”可知，這種新電池是使用環(huán)保材料，根據(jù)第三段中的“Atraditionalbatteryismadeofplastic,metalorotherharmfulmaterials.(傳統(tǒng)電池是由塑料、金屬或其他有害材料制成的。)”可知，傳統(tǒng)電池使用的是塑料、金屬或者其他有害材料制作而成，由此可知，新的電池與傳統(tǒng)電池是在材料方面不同。故選C項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisoff.Oncethepaperiswet,thebatteryactivateswithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformanceworsensasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatterybeginstoworkagainandlastsanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain.(當紙干了，電池就沒電了。一旦紙濕了，電池就會在20秒內(nèi)激活。隨著紙張的干燥，新電池的運行性能會惡化。當科學家們在測試過程中將紙重新弄濕時，電池就會重新開始工作，并在再次變干之前持續(xù)工作一個小時。)”可知，當紙干了，就沒電了，但紙濕了后，20秒又可以激活，科學家再次把紙弄濕后，電池又可以使用，且會一直持續(xù)到紙變干，由此可知，這種新型的電池可以反復使用。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Itishardtopredictatimelineforproducingsuchbatteriesinalargenumber,butthatfuturemaynotbesofaroff.(很難預測大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)這種電池的時間線，但未來可能不會那么遙遠。)”可知，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)這種電池的時間不會很遙遠，結合尾段中的““Thisreallystartswiththedevelopmentofsustainablematerials,”Nystr?m,theleadauthor,explains,“Fromthere,Ithinkweareabletocreatesomethingthatisquiteuseful.”(“這真的是從可持續(xù)材料的發(fā)展開始的，”Nystr?m，第一作者解釋說，“從那里，我認為我們能夠創(chuàng)造出一些非常有用的東西?！?”可知，Nystr?m認為這是一種非常有用的東西，綜合以上信息可知，這種新電池有一個充滿希望的未來。故選D項。DImagineasmalllifestylechangethatcouldbothreduceyourweightandriskofdepressionandboostyourproductivity.It’sassimpleasgettingupearlyonaregularbasis.Moreinterestingly,scienceissupportingit.Ina2019experimentbyMonashUniversity,nightowlsreportedfeelinglessdepression,stressanddaytimesleepinessaftertheirbodyclockswerebroughtforwardbytwohoursacrossathree-weekperiod.Multiplestudiesshowmorningtypestendtoperformbetteracademicallyandatworkandgetmoredonethannightowls.Accordingtothoseearlybirds,advantagesofthemorningincludelessdistraction,moretimeandmorespacetothinkandgetworkdone.Therearefewerotherpeopleup,fewerphonecalls,textmessages,emailsandmore.Also,studiesshowourabilities,energyandmoodaregenerallyattheirpeakinthemorning,includinglatemorning.Howearlyis“early”?Scientistshaven’tyetdeterminedanideal,exacttimetostartandendtheday.Itissuggestedthatpeopleshouldadjustsleeptimingwiththesun’sdailycycleandlight.Butitdoesn’tmeantoriseassoonasnaturallightfirstappears.Also,manyofussufferfromsleepproblemsduringthenightthatmakerisingearlyundesirable.Andifyou’reanaturalowl,tryingtochangeyourpatternmightnotfavoryou.Payattentionwhenyoufeelmostenergetic.Whilebeinganearlyrisermayhavebenefitsforyourhealth,what’smoreimportantisgettingenough,qualitysleepandkeepingaregularpattern.Don’tsetthealarmfor5:30amifitmeansreducingoverallsleeptime.Youcouldendupsufferingfromnegativeeffectsofsleepdeprivation(缺乏),includingapoorermoodandenergy,lessabilitytoconcentrate,weightgainandmore.12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“nightowls”inParagraph2referto?A.Peoplewhoriseearly. B.Peoplewhosleeplate.C.Peoplewhoaredepressed. D.Peoplewhoareoverweight.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whenourabilitiesarebest. B.Whatadvantagesofmorningsare.C.Whyearlybirdsperformbetter. D.Whocommunicatesinthemorning.14.Whatmighthappentoyouifyousetyouralarmtooearly?A.Youwilllosesomeweight. B.Youcouldhavemoreworkdone.CYoumayfindithardtofocus. D.Youcanseethefirstnaturallight.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThePowerofRisingEarly. B.TheHabitsofMorningTypes.C.TheAmountofSleepTime. D.TheBenefitsofLifestyleChanges.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是早起有利于減肥、降低抑郁風險和提高工作效率?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“…reportedfeelinglessdepression,stressanddaytimesleepinessaftertheirbodyclockswerebroughtforwardbytwohoursacrossathree-weekperiod.(……報告稱，在三周的時間里，他們的生物鐘提前了兩個小時，他們的抑郁、壓力和白天困倦感都有所減輕。)”可知，此處講述的是研究對象報告的情況，這些人覺得為期三周的生物鐘提前兩個小時后，自己的抑郁、壓力和白天睡覺的情況減少，結合第三段中的“Multiplestudiesshowmorningtypestendtoperformbetteracademicallyandatworkandgetmoredonethannightowls.(多項研究表明，早起的人在學業(yè)和工作上的表現(xiàn)往往比夜貓子更好，完成的工作也更多。)”可知，大量研究表明，早起要比夜貓子在學業(yè)上和工作上的表現(xiàn)要好，由此可知，劃線單詞應是對應著早起的人，所以該短語的意思是“睡得晚的人”。故選B項?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Multiplestudiesshowmorningtypestendtoperformbetteracademicallyandatworkandgetmoredonethannightowls.(多項研究表明，早起的人在學業(yè)和工作上的表現(xiàn)往往比夜貓子更好，完成的工作也更多。)”可知，研究表明，早起的人在學業(yè)和工作方面比夜貓子的表現(xiàn)更好，結合下文分析這一研究結論的原因可知，本段主要講述的是為什么早起的人的表現(xiàn)更好。故選C項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Don’tsetthealarmfor5:30amifitmeansreducingoverallsleeptime.Youcouldendupsufferingfromnegativeeffectsofsleepdeprivation(缺乏),includingapoorermoodandenergy,lessabilitytoconcentrate,weightgainandmore.(不要把鬧鐘定在早上5點半，如果這意味著減少整體睡眠時間。你最終可能會遭受睡眠剝奪的負面影響，包括情緒和精力不佳、注意力不集中、體重增加等等。)”可知，如果早起的過早，可能會有負面的影響，比如情緒和精力差、注意力不集中和體重增加等。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Imagineasmalllifestylechangethatcouldbothreduceyourweightandriskofdepressionandboostyourproductivity.It’sassimpleasgettingupearlyonaregularbasis.Moreinterestingly,scienceissupportingit.(想象一下，一個小小的生活方式的改變既可以減輕你的體重，降低患抑郁癥的風險，又可以提高你的工作效率。這就像經(jīng)常早起一樣簡單。更有趣的是，科學也支持這一觀點。)”可知，本文在第一段中介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，早起這樣一個小小的生活方式的變化可能會有助于減肥、降低抑郁風險以及提高工作效率，進而在下文中對該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)進行分析，說明早起的人的表現(xiàn)會比晚睡的人更好，同時也指出不能早起過早，以免會產(chǎn)生更多負面的影響，所以，本文的題目為“早起的力量”基于本文的內(nèi)容吻合，也可以概括全文的主題。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouwanttotakechargeasaparent,stoptryingtocontrolyourchild.Byfocusingonthereactionsyouhavetoyourchild’sbehaviorratherthanthebehavioritself,youcancreateconsciousparent-childrelationships.____16____Toooftenparentsgetcaughtupinunnecessarypowerstruggleswiththeirchildren,forgettingtoconnectwithorunderstandthem.So,howcanyoubeamoreconsciousparent?Thefirststepisrecognizingthatshameandblamedonotwork.____17____Itnotonlypreventsyoufromconnectingwithyourchildbutalsopreventsyourchildfromconnectingwiththeirsenseofinnersecurityandworth.It’sbettertoviewtheparent-childrelationshipasatwo-waypartnership.Whenyourchildrefusestoeatcarrotsorcleantheirroom,it’seasytoviewthisbehaviorasdisrespectful.Infact,thechildisnottryingtodisrespectyou.____18____Whatyouviewasdisrespectfuloftenhasmoretodowithyourownfeelingsandexperiencesthanyourchild’sbehavior.Parentscanunknowinglywritestoriesfortheirchildrenabouthowtheyshouldbehaveandhowtheirlivesshouldlook.Youmustrecognizethesefantasiesfirst.Next,askyourself,“WhowouldIbewithoutthisfantasy?”____19____Thedifferencebetweenbeinginchargeandbeingincontrolmeansmanagingyourchild’senvironmentinsteadoftryingtocontrolthechild’severyaction.Doyouwantyourchildtoeatfewersweets?____20____It’sbetterthanrepeatedlycriticizingyourchildforeatingcookies.Beingawareofyourchild’senvironmentcanbettersetyoubothupforunderstanding.A.Youarealwayssensitive.B.Thechildisjustbeingachild.C.Youshouldnotkeepcandiesinthehouse.D.Consciousparentingdoesn’tcomenaturally.E.Shopwiselywithyourchildreninthesupermarket.F.Aparentingmodelbasedonfearandpunishmentisharmful.G.Theexpectationsyouholdaboutyourkidsoftenshowyourowndesires.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.G20.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹怎樣才能成為一個更有意識的家長的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Byfocusingonthereactionsyouhavetoyourchild’sbehaviorratherthanthebehavioritself,youcancreateconsciousparent-childrelationships.(通過關注你對孩子行為的反應而不是行為本身，你可以建立有意識的親子關系。)”和下文“So,howcanyoubeamoreconsciousparent?(那么，怎樣才能成為一個更有意識的家長呢?)”說明建立有意識的親自關系不是自然而然的，而是需要方法的，選項D“有意識的養(yǎng)育不是自然而然的?！背薪由衔?，并且引出下文的方法策略，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepisrecognizingthatshameandblamedonotwork.(第一步是認識到辱罵和責備不起作用。)”和下文“Itnotonlypreventsyoufromconnectingwithyourchildbutalsopreventsyourchildfromconnectingwiththeirsenseofinnersecurityandworth.(這不僅阻礙了你與孩子的聯(lián)系，也阻礙了你的孩子與他們內(nèi)心的安全感和價值感的聯(lián)系。)”可推斷設空處應說明辱罵和責備給孩子帶來的壞處，F(xiàn)選項“基于恐懼和懲罰的養(yǎng)育模式是有害的?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，語意連貫，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyourchildrefusestoeatcarrotsorcleantheirroom,it’seasytoviewthisbehaviorasdisrespectful.Infact,thechildisnottryingtodisrespectyou.(當你的孩子拒絕吃胡蘿卜或打掃房間時，很容易把這種行為視為不尊重。事實上，孩子并不是想要不尊重你。)”可知下文應是解釋孩子這種行為其實沒有不尊重，他們只是孩子，想法很單純，B選項“孩子就只是孩子?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Parentscanunknowinglywritestoriesfortheirchildrenabouthowtheyshouldbehaveandhowtheirlivesshouldlook.Youmustrecognizethesefantasiesfirst.Next,askyourself,“WhowouldIbewithoutthisfantasy?”(父母可能會在不知不覺中給孩子寫故事，告訴他們應該如何表現(xiàn)，他們的生活應該是什么樣子。你必須首先認清這些幻想。接下來，問問你自己，“如果沒有這些幻想，我會是誰?”)”可推斷本段是告訴父母不要把自己的想法強加在孩子的身上，G選項“你對孩子的期望往往反映了你自己的欲望?！睂ι衔倪M行總結，符合題意，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Doyouwantyourchildtoeatfewersweets?(你想讓你的孩子少吃點甜品嗎?)”和下文“It’sbetterthanrepeatedlycriticizingyourchildforeatingcookies.(這比反復批評你的孩子吃餅干要好。)”可知設空處應該是不讓孩子少吃甜品的方法，C選項“你不應該把糖果放在家里?！狈项}意，故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Icouldn’thavebeenbetterpreparedforthetalk,myfirstpresentationasacollegestudent.Ihadlearnedmyspeech____21____.Thedaybeforethetalk,aloneinmyroom,Ifelt____22____.ButassoonasIwasinvitedtothestage,IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhad____23____toomanytimesbefore—thefearofgetting____24____becauseofmystutter(口吃).ItbeganwhenIwasachild.Ifeltashamedand____25____aslittleaspossibleatschool.Iputalotof____26____intomathandscience;inthesesubjects,Icould____27____myteacherswithwrittenexamsandreportsratherthanspokenones.ButbythetimeIgottomiddleschool,mystutterhadmademea____28____forbullying(欺凌),whichhurtmyacademicperformance.____29____,Iwenttoacookingschool,whereIhopedmycookingwouldspeakforitself.Isawmyfutureasa_____30_____untilanutritionclass,whentheteacher’slecture_____31_____meofmyloveofscience.Ifoundthatmythirstforlearningmorebiologywas_____32_____thanmyfearofstutteringduringoralexams.Istartedtoworkinaresearchlabandtriedspeechtherapy(治療).Withthehelpofmytherapist,I_____33_____realizedtherealproblemwasnotthestutteritself;itwasmyfearofstuttering.Ittookmeaboutayearto_____34_____duringoneweeklymeetingthatIlovemyselfasIam.Now,insteadof_____35_____publicspeeches,Iactivelyseekopportunitiestobeonthestage.AndifIhappentostutteralongtheway,sobeit.21.A.byheart B.onpurpose C.bymistake D.onduty22.A.nervous B.surprised C.confident D.energetic23.A.forgotten B.experienced C.arranged D.considered24.A.stuck B.broken C.lost D.bored25.A.planned B.moved C.studied D.talked26.A.feeling B.money C.power D.effort27.A.interest B.embarrass C.satisfy D.disappoint28.A.target B.celebrity C.hit D.leader29.A.However B.Instead C.Therefore D.Moreover30.A.professor B.chef C.biologist D.director31.A.warmed B.cured C.informed D.reminded32.A.lighter B.stronger C.smaller D.longer33.A.naturally B.immediately C.gradually D.frequently34.A.speakout B.cutin C.takedown D.putup35.A.expecting B.avoiding C.improving D.doubting【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.D27.C28.A29.C30.B31.D32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是一個大學生在面對自己的口吃問題時的成長和改變?！?1題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我把我的演講背熟了。A.byheart用心；B.onpurpose故意地；C.bymistake錯誤地；D.onduty值班。結合句意可知，此處應為learn…byheart意為“記住”符合語境。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：演講的前一天，我獨自一人在房間里，感到很自信。A.nervous緊張的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.confident自信的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根據(jù)上文中的“Ihadlearnedmyspeech____1____.”可知，作者已經(jīng)都背下來了，所以此處應是“自信的”符合語境。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我一被邀請上臺，就被一種我以前經(jīng)歷過太多次的恐懼所淹沒——害怕因為口吃而卡住。A.forgotten忘記；B.experienced經(jīng)歷；C.arranged安排；D.considered考慮，認為。根據(jù)上文中的“ButassoonasIwasinvitedtothestage,Iwasoverwhelmedbyafear”可知，此處指的是作者一上臺，被嚇壞了，所以此處應是被一種我以前經(jīng)歷過太多次的恐懼所淹沒，“經(jīng)歷”符合語境。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我一被邀請上臺，就被一種我以前經(jīng)歷過太多次的恐懼所淹沒——害怕因為口吃而卡住。A.stuck卡住的；B.broken破碎的；C.lost迷失的；D.bored無聊的。根據(jù)上文中的“ButassoonasIwasinvitedtothestage,IwasoverwhelmedbyafearIhad____3____toomanytimesbefore”可知，作者由于害怕因為口吃而“卡住”。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它始于我小時候。我感到羞愧，在學校里盡量少說話。A.planned計劃；B.moved移動；C.studied研究；D.talked談論，說話。根據(jù)上文中的“Ifeltashamed”可知，因為自己感到害羞，所以應是盡可能少“說話”。故選D項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我在數(shù)學和科學上下了很大的功夫，在這些科目上，我可以用筆試和報告而不是口語來滿足我的老師。A.feeling感受；B.money金錢；C.power力量，權力；D.effort努力。根據(jù)下文中的“inthesesubjects,Icould____7____myteacherswithwrittenexamsandreportsratherthanspokenones.”可知，作者想在數(shù)學和科學這些不需要說話的學科上讓老師滿意，所以此處應是“努力”學習數(shù)學和科學。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我在數(shù)學和科學上下了很大的功夫，在這些科目上，我可以用筆試和報告而不是口語來滿足我的老師。A.interest使感興趣；B.embarrass使尷尬；C.satisfy滿足；D.disappoint使失望。根據(jù)上文中的“Iputalotof____6____intomathandscience;”可知，作者在數(shù)學和科學上下功夫，應是為了讓老師“滿意”。故選C項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當我上中學的時候，我的口吃已經(jīng)讓我成為欺凌的目標，這影響了我的學習成績。A.target目標；B.celebrity名人；C.hit轟動；D.leader領導。結合語境以及下文中的“forbullying(欺凌)”可知，作者口吃，很容易成為欺凌的“目標”。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我去了一所烹飪學校，在那里我希望我的烹飪能不言自明。A.However然而；B.Instead取而代之；C.Therefore因此；D.Moreover而且。根據(jù)語境以及下文中的“Iwenttoacookingschool,whereIhopedmycookingwouldspeakforitself.”可知，因為作者成為欺凌的對象而成績下滑，“因此”作者去了烹飪學校，符合邏輯。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到自己作為廚師的未來，直到在營養(yǎng)課上，老師的講座讓我想起了我對科學的熱愛。A.professor教授；B.chef廚師；C.biologist生物學家；D.director導演。根據(jù)上文中的“Iwenttoacookingschool”可知，作者去了廚師學校，所以此處應是“廚師”符合語境。故選B項?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我看到自己作為廚師