2023版高考英語閱讀理解一輪提升選練3含解析

2024版高考英語閱讀理解一輪提升選練3含解析2024版高考英語閱讀理解一輪提升選練（3）

李仕才

A

ThestoryofSirNicholasWintonistheonethatyouwouldimaginecouldonlyhappenonthesilverscreen.SirNicholasWintonwasaBritishmanwhowenttoheroicefforts,potentiallyputtinghimselfatrisk,duringWorldWarII.SirWintonwasresponsibleforensuringthesafetyofsixhundredandsixty-nineJewishchildrenbyaidingtheirescapefromcountriesoccupiedbyNazis.Finally,theJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEnglandwhereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.

Recently,thisunbelievablestoryhasagainbeenmakingtheroundsontheInternet,particularlyafterarerunoftheBBCshowcalled“That’sLife”,whichfeaturedSirWinton.Peoplearoundtheworldweremovedatthedetailsofthestory,withsayingittobethebeststorythey’veeverseen.

SirWintonkepthisentireplanpletelysecret,evenhiswifehadnoideaabouthisplanninguntilfiftyyearslater.Afterthewar,yearspassedandmanypeopleremainedinthedarkaboutSirWinton’sextraordinaryachievement.Somefiftyyearslater,hiswifeGretawassearchingintheirhouseanddiscoveredaWinton’snotebookwhichdocumentedthenamesofallthechildren.SheworkedwithBBCandtheyproducedaTVepisode(插曲)oftheirprogram“That’sLife”thatservedasanhonorforSirWinton’swork.

In2024,SirWintonwasknightedbytheQueenofEnglandforhiswork.HealsowasevennominatedforaNobelPeacePrize.HealsohadasmallplanetnamedafterhimbyCzechastronomers.SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsix,in2024.Leadersaroundtheworldpaidtribute(悼念).Israel’sambassadortotheUnitedKingdom,DanielTaub,said,“Hewasaheroofourtime,havingsaved669JewishchildrenfromNazis.Hisstory,asapointoflightinaperiodofdarkness,willforeverberemembered.”

1.Whathappenedtothe669Jewishchildren?

A.TheywerekilledbyNazis.

B.Theyreturnedtotheirownhomes.

C.Theyfledtotheirnativecountries.

D.TheywereraisedbyEnglishfamilies.

2.WhatmadeWinton’sstoryspreadwidely?

A.People’schattingonline.

B.Theprogram“That’sLife”.

C.Hiswife’spromotion.

D.Praisesfromsomeleaders.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedexpression“remainedinthedark’,inParagraph3?

A.feltdoubtful

B.remainedmoved

C.knewnothing

D.criticizedsomething

4.WhatdoweknowaboutWinton?

A.Hewasbornin1909.

B.Nazistriedtoarresthim.

C.Henamedasmallplanet.

D.Manychildrenpaidtributetohim.

文章主要敘述SirNicholasWinton在納粹期間關(guān)心669個猶太孩子逃到英國的故事。如今而且BBC把這一故事搬上熒幕，讓大眾知道在黑暗時期還有這樣一個英雄給人們帶來光明。

1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Finally,theJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEngland

whereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.”可知，669個猶太人孩子被帶到了英國，并由英國家庭收養(yǎng)。故選D。

3.C詞義猜想題。依據(jù)前面的句意可知，SirNicholasWinton始終對自己的英雄事跡保密，甚至

是他的妻子。所以，此處應(yīng)為不為人們所知道。故選C。

4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageof

onehundredandsix,in2024.”可知，SirWinton生于1909年。故選A。

B

(2024·江西九校聯(lián)考)

Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofpilingonthepounds,astudyshows.AteamattheInstituteofCancerResearchinLondonfoundwomenhadlargerwaistlinesiftheirbedroomwas“l(fā)ightenoughtoseeacross”atnight.However,theycaution

thereisnotenoughevidencetoadvisepeopletobuythickercurtainsorturnofflights.

Thewomenwereaskedtoratetheamountoflightintheirbedroomsatnightas：Lightenoughtoread.Lightenoughtoseeacrosstheroom,butnotread.Lightenoughtoseeyourhandinfrontofyou,butnotacrosstheroom.Toodarktoseeyourhandoryouwearamask.

Prof.AnthonySwerdlowtoldtheBBC：“Inthisverylargegroupofpeoplethereisanassociationbetweenreportedlightexposureatnightandoverweightandobesity.Butthereisnotsufficientevidencetoknowifmakingyourroomdarkerwouldmakeanydifferencetoyourweight.Theremightbeotherexplanationsfortheassociation,butthefindingsareintriguingenoughtoguaranteefurtherscientificinvestigation.”

Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock,whichstemsfromourevolutionarypastwhenwewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestingwhenitwasdarkatnight.Lightaltersmood，physicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24-hourcycle.Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproductionofthesleephormonemelatonin.

Prof.Derk-JanDijksaidtherewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.HetoldtheBBC：“Peopleingeneralarenotawareofthelightpresentintheirbedroom.Ithinkpeopleshouldassesstheirbedroomandseehoweasyitwouldbetomakeitdarker.”Streetlights,somealarmclocksandstandbylightsonelectricalequipmentsuchastelevisionscouldlightaroom,hesaid.“Overallthisstudypointstotheimportanceofdarkness，”heconcluded.

1．Thepassagemainlytellsus________．

A．brightbedroomslinktoobesity

B．darkbedroomslinktoobesity

C．peopleshouldturnofflights

D．peopleshouldbuythickercurtains

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4mean?

A．Stopping.B．Disturbing.

C．Improving.D．Recovering.

3．WhatmightParagraph4beusedfor?

A．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingbodyclock.

B．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingmood.

C．Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingphysicalstrength.

D．Onepossibleexplanationonartificiallight.

4．What’sProf.Derk-JanDijk’sattitudetowardsthedarkroom?

A．Unclear.B．Doubtful.

C．Negative.D．Favorable.

本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了臥房里的亮度對人們健康的影響：過于劇烈的光線會影響人體的生物鐘，影響人的心情，還有可能使人肥胖。

1．解析：選A。主旨大意題。第一段第一句點明白文章的主題，即有討論表明，在光線太強的房間里睡覺可能會導(dǎo)致體重增加。故選A項。

2．解析：選B。詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第四段第一句中“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock”和其次句可知，本段主要敘述的是光線會干擾生物鐘，會轉(zhuǎn)變心情、體力、甚至人體處理食物的方式，由此可推知，畫線單詞意為“干擾”，與B項disturbing意義接近。故選B項。

3．解析：選A。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock...”及最終一句中的“Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclock”可知，本段主要解釋了光線會干擾人體生物鐘的可能緣由。故選A項。

4．解析：選D。觀點態(tài)度題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句中“therewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker”及最終一句可以看出，Derk-JanDijk教授贊成將臥房的亮度調(diào)暗。故選D項。

C

IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phones

arepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikeputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallinparisontototalwaste，theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmore，thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包裝)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(動機)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(氣泡墊)thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments'pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

文章大意：文章主要敘述了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措施。

1．BymentioningtheSwissstudy，theauthorintendstotellusthat________.

A．theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B．e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C．naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

D．thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

答案：B推斷推斷題。結(jié)合其次段第一句“Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.”可知，該段主要敘述電子設(shè)備中包含有許多珍貴的金屬；下文引用瑞士的討論進(jìn)一步論證電

子垃圾中的珍貴金屬含量比自然礦產(chǎn)中的高。由此可知，提及瑞士的討論旨在告知我們電子垃圾應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫胶芎玫睦?。故正確答案為B。

2．Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended________.

A．fromproducerstogovernments

B．fromgovernmentstoproducers

C．fromindividualstodistributors

D．fromdistributorstogovernments

答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合文章最終一句“...aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.”可知，電子垃圾的責(zé)任應(yīng)當(dāng)從政府延長到生產(chǎn)者。故正確答案為B。

3．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Theincreaseine-waste.

B．Thecreationofe-waste.

C．Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D．Themanagementofe-waste.

答案：D主旨大意題。本文從電子垃圾與日俱增這一現(xiàn)象動身，分析了電子垃圾治理的必要性，并對一些國家政府將電子垃圾治理的責(zé)任延長到生產(chǎn)者這一考慮進(jìn)行評述。由此可知，本文通篇是圍圍著電子垃圾治理這一話題綻開的。故正確答案為D。

D

(2024·陜西省質(zhì)量檢測二)

Whetheritiselementaryschool,middleschool,orhighschoolintheUnitedStates,therewillalwaysbeanawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Thoughitvariesfromschooltoschool,thereareafewthataregivenbymostschoolsacrossthenation.

Thefirstoneisgivenfromgrades3to8anditistheHonorRollAward.Inelementaryandmiddleschool,thisawardisusedtorecognizeacademicexcellence.Thisawardisalsoseparatedintotwogroups:AHonorRollandA/BHonorRoll.Itisgivenoutattheendofaschoolyearandstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove(90insomestates)onafinalreportcardreceiveanAHonorRoll,andstudentswithgradesabove85(80insomestates)wouldreceiveanA/BHonorRoll.ItistorewardstudentswhohaveworkedhardandreceivedallA’sorA’sandB’s.

Inhighschool,thisischangedabit,butstillcanbeclassifiedasthesametypeofaward.Thedifferenceisthatinsteadofusingthescale(等級)of100,theyuseagradepointaverage(GPA)basedona4pointscale.TheyrecognizestudentswithahighGPAas“HonorStudents”．Ifthestudentskeepitupforallfouryearsofhighschool,thentheygraduatewithhonors.

AnothernotableawardisthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellence.ThisisgivenbythePresident’sEducationAwardsProgrameachyeartostudentsallovertheUnitedStates.Thisawardisofferedtoelementaryschool，middleschoolandhighschoolstudents.Tobeeligible(有資格的)forthisaward,middleschoolandelementaryschoolstudentsmustearnanaveragegradeof90oraboveona109pointscale.HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmustalsohaveahighscoreonastatewideornationalstandardizedtestorhavearemendationfromateacher.Usuallythisawardisgivenattheendoftheyear.Itisacertificatewithasignaturefromthepresidentalongwithaletterofrecognition.

However,manypeopleconfusethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellencewithanotheraward,theUSPresidentialScholarsProgram.Eventhoughbothhavetheword“President”inthetitle,theyarepletelydifferentawards.WherethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellenceisrelativelyeasytoachieve,theawardfromthePresidentialScholarsProgramisnot.ToearnthehonorofbeingaPresidentialScholar,astudentmustbeahighschoolseniorlastyearofhighschoolwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.

1．If,inmostoftheschoolsintheUS,astudentinGrade5wantstogetanAHonorRoll,he/shemustgetallaveragesofa(n)________．

A．93B．85

C．90D．80

2．Fromthepassageweknowthatthestudentswho________cangraduatewithhonors.

A．keepupthegradesof100inhighschoolformorethanoneyear

B．getaveragesof100inhighschoolforallfouryearsofhighschool

C．getahighGPAinhighschoolformorethanoneyear

D．a(chǎn)rerecognizedas“HonorStudents”forallfouryearsofhighschool

3．IfhighschoolstudentsaretowinthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellence,whichofthefollowingstatementsshouldbeincluded?

A．Anaveragegradeof90oraboveona100pointscale.

B．Aremendationfromateacher.

C．AGPAofatleast3.5inanationalstandardizedtest.

D．Ahighschoolseniorwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.

4．Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe“________”．

A．Awardsinelementaryandmiddleschools

B．AwardsinschoolsoftheUnitedStates

C．Howhighschoolsrewardtheirstudents

D．It’seasytowinawardsinschools

本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國學(xué)校設(shè)置的一些獎項以及獲得這些獎項需要滿意的條件。

1．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第四句中的“andstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove(90insomestates)．..receiveanAHonorRoll”可知，在美國大多數(shù)學(xué)校，想要獲得AHonorRoll，平均分必需在93分或以上。故答案選A。

2．解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句可知，假如同學(xué)能連續(xù)四年獲得“優(yōu)秀同學(xué)”的稱號，就能帶著榮譽畢業(yè)。故選D。

3．解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第五、六句“HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Studentsmust...havearemendationfromateacher.”可知，B項為條件之一。

4．解析：選B。標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文敘述的是美國學(xué)校設(shè)置的一些獎項以及獲得這些獎項需要滿意的條件。B項能概括文章內(nèi)容，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。

E

Wehumansaresuperstitious,believingthatFridaythe13thisbadluckandfindingapennyisgoodluck.Here,then,arethreeofthemostmonsuperstitions.

Carefulwiththatmirror

Accordingtofolktales,breakingamirrorissuretobringyourselfsevenyearsofbadluck.Thesuperstitionseemstoarisefromthebeliefthatmirrorsdon'tjustreflectyourimage;theyholdbitsofyoursoul.ThatbeliefledoldAmericanSouthernerstocovermirrorsinahousewhensomeonedied,forfearthattheirsoulmightbetrappedinside.

Likethenumberthree,thenumbersevenisoftenass